Von Smart Cities zu Responsive Cities

HORIZONTE: RESPONSIVE CITIES – DIE INTELLIGENTE STADT

Von Smart Buildings zu SmartCities zu Responsive Cities

Smart Campus ETH

Buildings and Smart Buildings

Buildings - analog

• Architecture/Prestige• Security and safety• Comfort• Performance• Control

Smart Buildings - digital

• Control/New Prestige• Security and safety• Comfort• Performance• Design

„In 2003 the UK Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) came up with the following definition for a smart home:"A dwelling incorporating a communications network that connects the key electrical appliances and services, and allows them to be remotely controlled, monitored or accessed.”“http://www.fardaintelligent.com/Smart-home-En.html

20.10. 2016: SystemdarstellungDie Hauszentrale Vitocomfort 200 (1) ist das Herzstück zur drahtlosen Bedienung und Kontrolle der Haustechnik. Etwa zur Regelung der Raumtemperatur (6, 11), zur Steuerung von Licht (5) oder zur Überwachung offener Türen und Fenster (9, 10).Systemkomponenten[1] Vitocomfort 200 ZentraleSmart Energy[2] Zähleradapter[3] Bewegungssensor[4] Energiesteckdose[5] DoppeltasterSmart Heating[6] Fußbodenthermostat[7] Raumthermostat[8] Klimasensor[9] Fenstergriff[10] Öffnungssensor[11] Heizkörperthermostat[12] Funk-Außentemperatursensor

http://www.viessmann.de/de/wohngebaeude/vitocomfort-200.html

Smart Buildings - Smart Cities

Smart Buildings

• Control/Prestige• Security and safety• Comfort• Performance• Design

Smart Cities

• Security and safety• Services• Performance• Comfort• Urban Design

Smart City Songdo

Smartness and Liveability?

• The most liveable cities show a low Gini coefficient

• All most liveable cities have efficient local good governance

Smart City Motivations

„Chinese Dream“ (Prof. Li)

• Urbanization• Industrialization• Informationizing• Low Carbon• Green• Sustainability

„Swiss Dream“

• Liveability• Industrialization 6.0• Domesticate Big Data• De-carbonization• Green• Responsiveness

http://www.srf.ch/var/storage/images/auftritte/konsum/bilder/2015/02/03/node_6101799/77680977-2-ger-DE/image_span12.jpg

Today – Smart Cities•Smart Mobility, smart buildings, smart infrastructure

•But: people-centered?•Interactive?

„Smart City“

Smart City = Big Data +

Information and Communication

Technology (ICT)

Muratori 1749

People

Responsive City =

People +

Smart City Technology

Or this? (all have comparable numbers ofpeople per square kilometre)

Barcelona 2016

Giving and allowing for input

ContradictionsWe exceed our CO2 limits (1 ton CO2 per person per year), but... fly for a few days to the Maledives (5 tonnes CO2)

> 7 tons CO2 / person / year

1.64 tons CO2 / person / year

Cities must become responsive – why?

Jakarta

2 billion more people will live in cities 30 years from now

Smart City Songdo

Cities emit 80% of greenhouse gases: industry

Or this?

Cities emit 80% of greenhouse gases: Mobility

Science City meetings, Singapore meetings in VLA

Needed: Innovation in City Planning and Management

Steps• Smart Cities: technology and

infrastructure - building blocks for:• Responsive Cities: Citizens and

their responsibility

Siena

Smart City Songdo

„Smart City“ Songdo

Information Architecture

Prof. Dr. Gerhard Schmitt

Singapore

Responsive Cities: InstrumentsCitizen Design ScienceResponsive Education

Citizen Design Science

Citizen Design Science = Citizen Design + Citizen Science + Design Science

Citizen Design

Citizen Design

Citizen Design

Citizen Design

Citizen Design

Citizen Design Science = Citizen Design + Citizen Science + Design Science

Apr-2016 ETH Zürich 60Citizen Sciene

Citizen Science

Citizen Sciene

Design Science

Citizen Sciene

Citizen Design Science = Citizen Design + Citizen Science + Design Science

Design Sciene

Venice Water wood stone

Design Sciene

Design Sciene

Work results as well into ambient heat.

dE Q W

Image courtesy of Swiss Federal Office of Energy.

Energy flows in TJ for Switzerland

Population 8’014’000Energy dem. 852’330 TJArea 41’285 km2

Density 194/ km2

GDP(PPP) 340 bil. US$

Total PrimaryEnergy Supply

(TPES)

dE Q W

J

Energy flows in TJ for Singapore

Population 5’312’400Energy dem. 531’055 TJArea 712.4 km2

Density 7126/ km2

GDP(PPP) 315 bil. US$

Total PrimaryEnergy Supply

(TPES)

dE Q W

J

Stocks and Flows - Applications

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/StockFlow.gif

Responsive City Singapore

Responsive Education: ToolMassive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) -democratizing education

MOOC SeriesFuture CitiesLivable CitiesSmart CitiesResponsive Cities

Students – geographic distribution

From broadcasting

Information Architecture of Cities - Support

The MOOC – Massive Open Online Coursehttps://www.edx.org/course/ethx/ethx-fc-01x-future-cities-1821–

• The BOOK – Basic Open Offline Knowledge– Information Cities

Images as answers

To integrated teaching

Teaching driven research

Citizen design platform

Best Design From MOOC Users’ Voting

Public spaces

Two different of building clusters

Built along the block edges

High buildings are placed outside

Visibility Centrality AccessibilityConnectivity

Unexpected blocks

Bad separations between main road and site

Entrance of building blocks

Not good access to the neighboring blocks

Gaps between every buildings

“I designed the layout based on the type of community this place strives to become. It's not a posh locality and thus in an informal neighbourhood like this, the immediate neighbours become one's family. The units have been arranged in a pattern that 'Small clusters'(with no particular set/type of units). ach of these clusters have an open area (like a play area/sit out space/ courtyard) for themselves. But they are placed such that each of these are mutually accessible in terms of connectivity and visibility.

The site has two main access roads through it. They are not perpendicular to the main roads in order to decrease visibility from outside(of the units and spaces between them for safety reasons). They decrease the distance to be travelled by each person to exit the site. There are smaller streets that connect and make each block accessible. I have assumed that the community is not gated, thus the clusters closest to these openings have been designed as introverted spaces(rather than completely open).

All the clusters have been laid out around a central cluster which encloses a large playground(this can be landscaped and playground equipment can be installed)This can become a space used by the whole community and by people from all age groups. It has been given access on 4 sides.

Another criteria I kept in mind while planning was the North direction(approximately along that corner of the site that lies at the intersection of the main roads). South Africa has a rather hot climate and so in order to reduce heat gain in each block, I tried to refrain(in most cases) from orienting the longer sides of each block along East-West direction.”

Hangxin’s annotation

Author’s annotation

Scores:

Design Example

Citizens vote on design

Take Home

Future Cities must belivable and responsive

Future City Zürich 2100

Responsibility is the foundation of Responsive Cities

People studying and learning

Responsive Learning

From Complaining ToDesigning

From complainig to designing: Citizen Design Science

Citizen: Design: Science

Discussing and reflecting people

Citizens: Negotiate!

People working on the city

Governments: Engage Citizens!

Value Lab Asia working

Universities: Independant Research!

Universities: Design! Philippe Block, ETH Zürich

Universities: Build! Sacha Menz et al, ETH Zürich

Universities: Design! Christian Kerez, ETH Zürich

Universities: Build! Sacha Menz et al, ETH Zürich

Machen wir die Stadt der Zukunft zum besten und MOST RESPONSVE PLACE, in dem Menschen je gebaut, gelebt und gearbeitet haben!

Thank you!