Prevention of Strains, Sprains, and Material Handling Injuries in ...
Volunteer Marine Rescue TDM MF1007B. Apply First Aid Fractures Head Injuries Spinal Injuries ...
-
Upload
amberly-arnold -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
2
Transcript of Volunteer Marine Rescue TDM MF1007B. Apply First Aid Fractures Head Injuries Spinal Injuries ...
Apply First Aid
Fractures
Head Injuries
Spinal Injuries
Sprains & Strains
Foreign Bodies
Eye Injuries
Session 3
The human body has a strong skeleton made up
of many bones which support the muscles and
tissues of the body.
And bones that can be seen and felt beneath the skin provide landmarks for locating part of the
body.
Some of the skeleton with their names in the areas of the body are
shown in the illustration.
- Open -Bone protrudes through skin or wound leading to
site of the fracture.
- Closed -Bone remains within
the skin.
No wound leading to site of the fracture.
Fractures and Dislocations
Complicated -May involvebody organsand tissue.
Fractures and Dislocations
A fracture means a broken Bone.
They can be caused by:
•Direct Force
•Indirect Force
•Abnormal Muscular Contraction
• Signs– Swelling– Discolouration– Deformity– Shortening– Abnormal mobility
• Symptoms– Pain– Loss of power– Tenderness– Crepitus
Fractures and Dislocations
FracturesGeneral Management
• D.R.S.A.B.C.D• Control Bleeding• Rest and reassure• Handle gently• Support or immobilise
• Apply traction to an open fracture.• Give anything to eat or drink.• Force or straighten fractured joints.
Do Not
Blood Loss with Fractures
Fractures and Dislocations
Pelvis (largest loss) 3,000 mls. 60%
Rib (closed trauma) 200 – 3000 mls. 5 - 60%
Femur 500 – 2000 mls. 10 - 40%
Tibia / Fibula 500 – 1000 mls. 10 - 20%
Humerous 500 – 1000 mls. 10 - 20%
Ulna / Radius 500 mls. 10%
Unconscious Victim withObvious Limb Fractures
• Lateral (side) position
• Keeping an open airway takes precedence over all fractures including suspected spinal injuries
Fractures and Dislocations
Dislocations
A dislocation occurs when extreme force is put on a ligament, allowing the ends of two connected bones to separate.
Ligaments are flexible bands of fibrous tissue that connect various bones and cartilage.
Ligaments also bind the bones in a joint together. Stress on joint ligaments can lead to dislocation of the joint. The hip and
shoulder joints, for example, are called "ball and socket" joints. Extreme force on the ligaments in these joints can cause the
head of the bone (ball) to partially or completely come out of the socket.
What is a dislocation?
Severe pain, unable to move and appears deformed
Prevent movement at the site.Place in a comfortable position.
Prevent Pain.Apply Ice.
Prevent Bleeding.Seek medical aid.
Do Not replace into position.
DislocationsSigns and Symptoms
General Management
Sprains and Strains
SprainThe stretching and tearing of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint
StrainThe stretching and tearing of muscles
and tendons
• Compression
• Elevation
• Rest
• Ice
Then refer the patient to
medical help
- General Care
Sprains and Strains
How does Ice work?
An injury damages blood vessels, causing bleeding in the injured area.
Injury irritates nerve endings causing pain.
• Applying Ice:
–constricts blood vessels, slowing down bleeding that causes the injury to swell. Cold deadens nerve endings and relieves pain.
A temporary impairment of brain
function, usually without
permanent damage to the brain
Concussion
- Brain Shaking -
Concussion
Signs & Symptoms
• Brief or extended periods of unconsciousness• Double vision• Confusion• Loss of short memory (what actually happened).• Headache• Nausea and vomiting• Numbness (tingling and weakness in arms and legs)• Lack of co-ordination (stumbling).
Cerebral Compression
This may be caused by trauma
to the head, or by a blood clot
formed within the skull
Cerebral compression is a condition
which occurs when pressure within the
brain increases
Cerebral Compression
Signs and Symptoms
• Diminishing conscious state.• Noisy or irregular breathing.• Slow but full and bounding pulse.• Weakness in one side of the body.• Unequal pupils.• Flushed face.• Fever.
Spinal InjuriesMay be caused by
Vehicle Accidents.
Heavy fall onto buttocks.
Surfing accidents.
Diving into shallow water.
Skiing accidents.
Incorrect lifting.
Spinal InjuriesSymptoms and Signs
Severe back Pain.
Lower limb numbness.
Loss of power in limbs.
Loss of sensation.
Care for Head & Spinal Injuries
Spinal Injuries
Maintain an open airway.
Minimise movement of Head & Spine.
Monitor A.B.C.
Control any Bleeding.
Maintain Body Temperature.
If unconscious , carefully place in lateral position.
SlingsHorizontal Triangular Bandage
Arm Horizontal Across the Chest
Point of Sling toInjured Shoulder
Tie off on the Injured Side.
SlingsElevated Triangular Bandage
Arm Elevated to Opposite Shoulder.
Tie off on the uninjured Side.
Point of Sling toInjured Shoulder
Slings
Fractured Collar Bone
Elevated Sling
Tie Broad Bandage Across the ChestWith Plenty of Packing Under the Arm
Slings
Fractured Ribs
Broad Bandage Across the Chest
Elevated Sling
With Plenty of Packing Under the Arm
Eye Injuries
Injuries to the eye can involve the bone and soft tissue surrounding the eye, or the eyeball itself.
Blunt objects such as a cricket bat or a golf ball may injure the eye area or a smaller object mat penetrate the eyeball.
Eye injuries can also be caused by heat, smoke, welding flash or chemicals which burn.
Any eye injury should be treated as serious.
Injuries which penetrate the eyeball or cause the eyeball to be removed from the socket are very serious and can cause
blindness.
Types of Eye Injuries
Foreign Bodies
Superficial
Wash thoroughly
(if unsuccessful, Pad both eyes.
Seek medical aid.
Embedded / Penetrating
Lie flat.
Pad both eyes.
Reassure the person.
Seek medical aid.
Eye InjuriesSymptoms and Signs of Eye Injuries
PAINREDNESSWATERING
May indicate surface or internal bleeding.
BLEEDINGIMPARED VISION
May indicate internal injury.
REMEMBER: History may be more relevant than symptoms and signs
Eye Injuries
Irrigating the Eye
Hold eyelids apart.
Gently Flush with water for 20 Minutes.
Seek Medical Aid.
Eye Injuries
Care for Eye Injuries
Padding both Eyes
Paper Cup used as protection for an eye injury.
This method is used for penetrating wounds.