Volume 8 Number 3 - Monkey Matters

M O N K E Y M A T T E R S V O L U M E 8 N U M B E R 3 , T H E W E B V E R S I O N

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primate care primate health primate news

P u b l i c a t i o n o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r i m a t e A s s o c i a t i o n

Centerfold: Two New Titi Monkeys

MacaqueFactoidspage 27

A Monkey’sMini-

Rainforestpage 19

NewKidz!pages

6,10, 16

for people who care about primates...

June / July / August 2002 Vol. 8 Number 3


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Our Copyright / Terms Of Use

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

Editors

Diane SageJanein Dunn

Patricia BlancaneauChristine Ryan

Board of Advisors

Scott R. KingRick Storrs, PhDBill Walker, Esq.Buck Farmer, Esq.Horacio Rilo, M.D.

Staff Photographers

Marcia Gaunt

Contributing Editors

Monkey Matters is a publication of the International Primate Association and is published by ILM Graphics &Publishing Co. Monkey Matters and the International Primate Association are not affiliated with any otherprimate organizations or businesses, including brokerages or sanctuaries. Articles, photos, drawings andadvertisements do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Monkey Matters as a whole and publicationdoes not indicate endorsement. All information and artwork is copyrighted unless copy rights revert toauthors. Written, photo, art and video material may not be reproduced in whole or part without expresspermission from Monkey Matters magazine. Articles, photos and letters are welcome.

Please send your original stories, letters,photos and videos to:Monkey MattersPO Box 85152 - MB181San Diego CA 92186

E-Mail submissions:Send a floppy or attach yourfile and send to:[email protected]

http://www.monkeymatters.com

If you would like to see your monkey's face on our new website, and have not yet sent in a photo,do it now! Short biographies or stories (optional) can be sent in along with your photos!!

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Maybe you have read or heard or have been toldthat Monkey Matters recommends a person, their or-ganization or their sanctuary. This is not true. We sup-port the rights of responsible monkey ownership andthe right to be fairly regulated in every state but as amatter of policy (because we cannot be there to over-see the dealings of others). Monkey Matters is notaffiliated with, nor do we endorse, any other primateorganizations, businesses or sanctuaries.

We support responsible monkey ownership and the right to befairly regulated in every state!


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Copyright / Terms Of Use.............................................2Contents.......................................................................3Monkey Mailbox--Letters To The Editor........................4,5,6Belated Birthday Monkey..............................................5New Kidz!.........................................................6, 10, 15, 16Understanding Nutrition: Summer Fruits......................7Your Monkey’s Amygdala............................................11Farewell Sofie.............................................................14The Beautiful Cat Ba Langur.......................................16Useful Products: Colloidal Silver..................................17VIP’s: Very Important Primates....................................17Ask Our Veterinarians.................................................18Body Language 101....................................................19Monkey See, Monkey Do.............................................21A Monkey’s Mini-Rainforest.........................................23How Many Communication Displays?..........................24Enrichment!.................................................................25Macaque Factoids........................................................27Our Anthropomorphic Best..........................................28New Titi Monkeys........................................................29Focus On: Two New Species.......................................30Monkeys In Action--Your Photos..................................32Nutrition: Monkey Chow................................................33Parting Shots, Your Photos..........................................35Mandatory Information, A Letter To New Readers........35Primate Placement Service...........................................36Monkey Matters Complete Guide To Care & Behavior..37

In This Issue.....

Body Language 101. . . Page 19

Centerfold: Two NewTitis”!....Page 29

Nutr i t ion:MonkeyChow . . . 3

"Sam" "Sam" "Sam" "Sam" "Sam" The squirrelmonkey. See MonkeysIn Action, Your Photos,page 22


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Cover monkey “Jonny” is a juvenile capuchin who was hand-raised from an infant. Capuchins are highly intelligent primateswith semi-prehensile tails and excellent manual dexterity. Mon-key mom Joie says that Jonny is very protective of her. He playswell with several Java macaque monkey pals, old male “Sonny”and two females, “Java” and “Sheena”. (Photo from Joie).

Dear Monkey Matters, I had subscribed to Monkey Matters and receivedmy first copy. Soon after you put Monkey Matters online. I love having it on line, but, I can’t print it. Imanaged to print one issue, but couldn’t print 7 or 8.What has changed or what am I doing wrong. I like to

keep my Monkey Matters Magazine in a binder for ref-erence. We have a black and white capuchin, age 1 1/2

years old.Thanks,

Louise HDear Louise,When printing from Acrobat, do not use the browser print command. Instead, click on theprinter icon in the Acrobat toolbar. This should solve the problem. Editor

Dear Monkey Matters, Do you know where to get a woolly monkey? Or do you know any breeders of woollymonkeys??

Thanks,Anonymous

(Editor’s note: No, I’m sorry. We don’t. Woolly monkeys are endangered, so although manypeople are interested in them, that is part of the reason they are not available.)

Dear Monkey Matters, I have enjoyed your magazine in the last few months...however this last issue I haveattempted to download and print...I have never had a problem with the others but for somereason It doesn’t take minutes to download it takes apparently hours...I have been sitting herewaiting and waiting...is there any reason why this issue is taking so long...It used to take just30 min to download and print...any suggestions would help...thanks...Lisa

Dear Lisa,All the issues are about the same size and should take about the same time to download. It


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(Monkey Mailbox, continued)may be that your server was busy and your connection was slower than usual. We at MonkeyMatters have a cable internet connection. It takes less than one minute to download themagazine. You might want to look in to getting a faster connection (for visiting Monkey Mat-ters and enjoying all your other favorite sites as well). Editor

Hello, My name is Carol and I am very interested in sharing our home with another monkey. Atthis time we have a 6 year old male Java named Roady. He is a sweet boy but would love I amsure a companion. We have had Roady for a little over a year and he has a home hereforever. We have also had experience with a female rhesus that we had for 10 months and 2caps we raised for Helping Hands. Felix was with us from the time he turned 8 months old till

(Continued)

Belated Birthday MonkeyMonkey mom Judy says pretty cinnamon capuchin “Heidi” (mak-ing the capuchin open-mouthed threat face at the photographer),turned 7 years old in April. Happy Birthday Heidi!


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(Monkey Mailbox, continued)he was 10. Donnie came to us at 4 years old and we had him until he was 12. They both wentback to Helping Hands for training. We also have 2 very good vets. As a young girl my family had a squirrel monkey. She was there before I was born anddied when I was in my late teens. Roady has an 8 by 10 by 4 play cage. There is a secondcage the same size hooked to it with a connecting door. He uses both sides right now but if wewere to get a second monk the door can be closed so they can groom threw the wire but canget away from each other if they need their own space. We also have a 3 by 5 by 5 sleepingcage and a big outdoor exercise cage. This spring we plan to remodel a huge corn crib into a second outdoor area. I know a Javawould be our best choice since Roady is a Java but would be willing to consider any monkwho needs a permanent home. I would love a snugly little baby but would rather give a hometo an older monk who needs one. Well I have rambled enough. PLEASE keep us in mind.

Thank You again, Carol A

Called the red-tailed guenon, (AKA Schmidt’s spot-nosed guenon), this mon-key with a rust colored tail is lively and engaging. Even youngsters have the rustcoloring in their tails. This baby of several months still centers his play aroundmom. (Photo from Sandy)

NewKidz!


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(Continued on next page)

Understanding NutritionSummer Fruits

If there is one type of food universal to wild living monkeys, it’s produce. Fromleaves and shoots to fruits and buds, these monkeys learn to eat foods thatare less tasty than what we offer them in captivity. “jungle fruits” that are plen-tiful are often lowering natural sugar than cultivated fruits. Too much fruit cancause watery stools, weight problems, “spoiled tastebuds” (lack of desire forprotein and vegetables because they get hooked on the sweet taste) and insome cases can be part of what helps lead monkeys to metabolic problemslike Type 2 diabetes. It’s important to feed monkeys fruit in small amounts andnot feed them exclusively, such as an all fruit meal.

However, fresh fruits are valuable nutritionally and should be included in yourmonkey’s diet on a daily basis. A great deal of research is under way to studyhow fruits and vegetables can protect against diseases and the natural heal-

Squirrel monkeys like this adult

female love fruit but don’t let them

over do it!


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(Continued)ing powers they offer.In nature, purple is a colorfulclue to a powerful group. Theanthocyanins, for example,that give grapes and plumstheir purple/violet color offerpain relief.

Research also has shownthat a person eating just 10bing cherries can have thesame analgesic effect as anaspirin, so monkeys needfewer, according to their size.

Fruits not only taste good butrequire minimal preparationand are fat free and excellentsources of vitamins and fiber.Vitamin C, found in manysummer fruits, is an antioxi-dant that boosts yourmonkey’s immune system to fight diseases and helps in the repair and growthof cells. The fiber in fruit also is believed to reduce the risks for cancer.Some fruits are good sources of Vitamin A, also known as beta carotene,which helps repair the body’s tissues and improves your primate’s eyesight.Experts say that fresh fruit offers the greatest health benefits. Fruit juices areconcentrated in calories and often lead to weight gain in monkeys who stay onlarge juice bottles.

Canned fruits often are packed in sugar. If you buy them as monkeys food,use fruits packed in natural juice and drain the juice off before feeding.

· Apples — Apples are a good source of fiber and Vitamin C. One me-dium apple is about 80 calories, yet it contains about 15 percent of thedaily recommended allowance of dietary fiber.

· Blackberries — A half-cup of blackberries is only 37 calories. But thissize serving is packed with Vitamin C and fiber.

Adult spot-nosed guenon eating berries.


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· Strawberries — High in Vitamin C, strawberries also are a good source offiber.

Blueberries — At about 80 calories per cup, blueberries are an excellentsource of Vitamin C and fiber. A one-cup serving provides 30 percent ofthe daily recommended allowance of Vitamin C.

· Cantaloupe — You’ll have to look hard to find a fruit that is a better sourceof Vitamins A and C. A quarter of a cantaloupe — about 56 calories —offers 100 percent of the daily recommended allowance of vitamins A andC. Cantaloupe is also a good source of potassium.

· Cherries — Cherries are a good source of Vitamin C and fiber. A one-cupserving is about 90 calories, and it offers 12 percent of the daily recom-mended allowance of fiber.

· Figs — Figs are a good source of fiber. Three medium figs — about 120calories — offer almost 20 percent of the daily recommended allowance offiber.

· Peaches — Peaches are a good source of vitamins A and C and fiber. One

C a p u c h i nJonny lookingat his monkeyMom Joie.

66666Gimme some

fruit Mom!


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raw peach has approxi-mately 37 calories and 10percent of the daily rec-ommended allowance ofVitamin C.

· Plums — Two mediumplums are about 80 calo-ries and offer 20 percentof the daily recom-mended allowance of Vi-tamin C.

· Watermelon — Water-melon is high in VitaminC and a good source ofVitamin A. Watermelonalso is an excellent source of lycopene, an antioxidant proven to helpneutralize free radicals that can damage the body’s cells.....

Yummm!

NewKidz!

About 6 months old in this photo,cocky new kid “Jake” is amangabey. Mangabeys have 32teeth and are suited to a varieddiet. Like other Old World pri-mates, they have cheekpouches in which to store extrafood. Mangabeys need spa-cious housing and can easilyleap 12 to 15 feet if they have aspringy branch or a soft spot toland on. (See more of Jake laterin this issue.)


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Your Monkey’sAmygdalaWhen the primate’s amygdala ( anarea of the brain) receives nervesignals indicating a threat, it sendsout signals that trigger defensivebehavior, autonomic arousal (usuallyincluding rapid heartbeat and raisedblood pres-sure),hypoalgesia(a dimin-ished ca-pacity to feelpain), so-matic reflexpotentiation(such as anexaggeratedstartle re-flex), andpituitary-adrenal axisstimulation(productionof stresshormones).Thesephysicalchanges areaccompa-nied by theemotion of fear.It started out as a very rapid methodof for your monkey to detect dangerand is of high survival value.

What’s an“amygdala”?

Another part of the amygdala, thecentral nucleus, is the portion re-sponsible for sending out the signalsto trigger the “fight or flight” re-sponse.Your monkey’s amygdala is a part ofthe brain. It’s an almond-shaped neurostructure involved in producing and re-sponding to nonverbal signs of anger,avoidance, defensiveness, and fear.

This small massof gray matterthat inspires aver-sive cues, suchas the freeze re-action, sweatypalms (which ca-puchins some-times have), andthe tense-mouthdisplay (OldWorld monkeysin particular dis-play the tensemouth). Theamygdala is aprimeval arousalcenter, originat-ing in early fishes,which is central tothe expression ofnegative emo-tions in humanand nonhuman

primates..

If you want to see the monkey’samygdala in action, it will be reflectedin many gestures such as turmoil over


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being taken on a car ride to the vet. Your monkey will unconsciously flex ourarms, lean away, or angle away from anyone who upsets him. Lip, neck, andshoulder muscles may tense, as the monkey’s amygdala activates brain-stemcircuits designed to produce protective facial expressions like the tense mouthand protective postures like the crouch. The amygdala also prompts releases ofadrenaline and other hor-mones into the bloodstream, thus stepping-upan avoider’s responseand disrupting the controlof rational thought.

The amygdala coordi-nates the actions of theautonomic and endo-crine systems and is in-volved in emotions.” Theamygdala may be part ofa “general-purpose de-fense response controlnetwork”.

Unpleasant odors arealso found to activate theamygdala and the cortexin the temporal lobe ofthe brain.

In Old World monkeysand apes, tense-mouthexpressions conveythreat and dominance.Monkeys and apes per-form the tense-mouthwith lips closed or nearlyclosed, mouth narrowedto a slit, and jaws tightly closed prior to an attack. In babies, lip-compression andbrow-lowering (combined in the pucker face) appear when someone persists inplaying or feeding beyond their tolerance. 6. Lip-compression (lips pressed tightlytogether and rolled inward) often appears in the company of strangers, where it

Young squirrelmonkey “Emily”(Photo from Rob)

Squirrel monkeys have amygdalas too.....


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Fight or flight response: Theheart beats faster, the blood-sugar level is raised, hormonesfrom the adrenal gland areraised, preparing the alarmedanimal to chase-and-bite or toturn-tail-and-flee.

correlates with gaze avoidance, non-con-tact, and distancing between individuals.The tense-mouthis also an ag-gressive sign inour nearest pri-mate relative, thepygmy chimpan-zee or bonobo .

Anatomy: In thetense-mouth, our lips’ orbicularis orismuscles contract. Their rubber-band-likefibers tighten toproduce visiblecompression, in-rolling, and nar-rowing. Tensionmay be accentedby contracting themuscles used inbiting.

FREEZE REAC-TION

Posture: A sud-den involuntarycessation of bodymovement, usu-ally in response toa novel stimulusor to fear.

Usage: Thefreeze reaction isa protective re-flex. Themonkey’s bodymay automatically tense up as the ner-

vous system mobilizes for action(see FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT) as in, e.g.,

when we hearsthe cry of alarge bird over-head.

Primatology.: Asprimates, forwhom facial ex-pressions pro-

vide key social and emotional infor-mation, some monkeys probe each

other’s eyes forpositive or nega-tive mood signs.Monkeys areacutely aware ofbeing noticed bynew people andnew animals.Monkeys peri-odically glanceup and scan forroving eyes(much as domonkeys in acage). Eyesconvey unpleas-ant feelingsthrough closedeyelids and anaverted gaze.Positive or pro-vocative feelingsshow in openedeyelids, dilatedpupils, and di-

rect gaze......

Monkeys like this black-capped capuchin are acutelyaware of being noticed bynew people and new animals.


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Farewellto sweetand be-loved Javamacaque

Sofie.....(See morein the nextissue )

What monkey doesn’t like sugar, as is found in candy, bakedgoods, cereals and fruit spreads and jams.....but concentratedsugars are a leading cause of health and metabolic problemsin pet primates and need to be avoided in order to avoid futurehealth problems! (Photo is of a lesser spot-nosed guenon mon-key “Gwen”.)

NutritionDon’ts!


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Mangabey Jake is about six months oldin this photo. The ischial callosities orbottom pads of the mangabey form acontinuous line rather than being separateovals. Like other Old World monkeys, (namelythe guenons), some mangabey species like thisred crowned mangabey, have a dramatic colorchange as they mature. This species is also some-times called the white-collared mangabey.

NewKidz!


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The beautiful Cat Ba langur is critically endangered. Only some100 individuals on a single island remain of the Cat Ba Island golden-headedlangur. To avert extinction, conservationists stress, there must be active popu-lation management, including captive breeding, and above all safe, sufficientlylarge safe natural habitat — a shrinking commodity throughout Indochina.(Artwork by CC)

NewKidz! About 4 weeks old in this photo, new kid “Sami” is

very clingy and attached to his human mom Jo. It isnormal for vervet monkeys to have blue skin.


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Colloidal Silver● The product “Sovereign Silver” can beused externally orinternally for yourmonkey’s health.This product is ad-vertised as a pureform of silver.● Colloidal silvercan be used to helpfight bacterial, eye,ear and throat infec-tions, parasites andfungus.● Spray it on yourmonkey’s skin forcuts, burns, bites orrashes.● Whenever pos-sible administer thesilver directly on theproblem area, e.g., right on wounds. Col-

loidal silver may be administeredorally via a dropperand monkeys don’tseem to mind thetaste.● Side effects: Aswith many productsyou must be aware ofside effects.● Should you use col-loidal silver as a “pre-ventive medicine” ona regular basis? Be-cause of side effects,it cannot be recom-mended.● one source of col-loidal silver is Natural-Immunogenics. Calltoll free at 888 328-

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Should you use colloidal sil-ver as a “preventive medi-cine” for your monkey on aregular basis? Because ofside effects, which manufac-turers don’t list, it cannot berecommended.


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Suggestions presented in Monkey Matters are generalizations one may considerin handling a primate's problems. Any injury, illness or other condition contractedby a monkey is subject to individual complications. Therefore it is crucial that youseek and follow your own veterinarian's advice as soon as possible.And remember, different veterinarians may recommend different treatments foryour monkey's problem.

Vet questions can also be sent via our E-Mail:[email protected]


Dr. R. (paraphrased)

Question:

Answering Vet:

I’m so worried about having the vet give my 8 year old capuchin anesthetic tohave his teeth cleaned. Once a monkey comes out from under anesthetic aremy worries over or is it true that they can still die?

Answer:

Here are two instances in which monkeys have died during or after comingout of isoflourane gas anesthesia. In the first case, the monkey have vomitedbile into her lungs while under anesthetic. In more than one instance, the mon-key appeared to be recovering but had heart failure and could not be revived......


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These two female bon-net macaques, completewith slightly punk hairdos,have both been nursingmothers. One, the one onthe right, has taken on amore aggressive posturethan the other. Staring di-rectly at the photographer,her mouth open, her armsspread in the aggressiveopen-mouthed-threatstance, her ears slightly

back, she has taken the leadin threatening off the humanintruder. Her right cheekpouch is bulging withedibles, while the more sub-missive monkey has no ex-tras. Maybe the more domi-nant monkey has a pound ortwo of extra weight throughthe middle but it’s hard to tellfor sure. The more submis-sive bonnet girl is followingthe lead of her companion.

Body Language 101

Who’s Mad?We’re mad!


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Her stare is not so direct orfearless, nor is her legstance, but she’s ‘with theprogram’. The smallwound on one arm is thekind that would come froma quick nip from anothermonkey who wanted todominate her. If the more aggressivebonnet was now to springforward at the photogra-pher, the other would buckherself up and give sup-port in some way, either by

(The start of an openmouthed threat from awhite-faced capuchin)

(A submissive look from a spot-nosed guenon)

attacking from theother side or by stand-ing by and threaten-ing to. This is not only‘natural’ but instinc-tive behavior and, asthey mature, is foundeven in macaqueswho have been rearedin captivity. Such be-haviors usually ap-pear between theages of 3 & 5 years ofage.....


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The Human/Nonhuman Primate Connection

Monkey See, Monkey Do - The TriggeringOf Emotional ContagionEveryone knows that a yawn can becatching among humans. Laughtercan be contagious too.

In group situations, panic, joy, ag-gression and mourning have all beknown to be contagious with hu-mans.

The contagious effects of emotionslike fear, distress and aggressionhave been studied in monkeys also.

The expression of fear in one mon-key (the demonstrator) elicits an an-ticipation of fearful or stressfulevents in other monkeys (the ob-servers) who are within sight,sound and smell of the demonstra-tor.

It primes the observers to behaveas though they are in the same situ-ation as the demonstrator.

From experience we observe again and again that the observer does notreally know what set off the demonstrator. But that appears unimportant.The observer believe the demonstrator and gets caught up in duplicatingor reflecting his emotional state.

The demonstrator might be responding to the brief sight of a large birdoverhead. The bird may be long gone, but the group observer the demon-strators emotional state and joins in to become a follower.

Goofy mona guenon Sasha putsdoughnut shaped dog pillow toyaround her neck.


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This can cause a problem with people whohave a pair of monkeys. The demonstratormight get mad at a caretaker over nothingor almost nothing, but when he starts dis-playing aggression and fear, the observerdoes not know or care about the origin ofthe feelings. He usually acts without ques-tion to come to the aid of his primate friend.

Logical intervention is possible on the partof the caretaker who knows both primatesand has been fairly well bonded to both.Through language and bribery (positive re-inforcement) the more submissive observerneeds to be separated from the demonstra-tor.

Start by ignoring the demonstrator, if pos-sible and speaking to the observer. Saysomething like, “Molly, don’t listen to Heidi.

Heidi is lying. I didn’t do anything to her. Be a good girl Molly and you willget a treat. I keep reinforcing as Molly separates from Heidi by telling Mollythat she is a good girl. Then I follow through appropriately with a treat--anut or grape.

Monkeys also respond to emotional contagion demonstrated by humans.If the favored caretaker shows the slightest sign of anger toward someoneelse, animal or human, the monkey can be right there as an observer/reac-tor.

At the group level, emotional contagion often leads to more or less uni-form group behavior, as during mobbing or panic reactions where all mon-keys behave in a similar manner.

Contagion tends to lead to stereotypical behaviors and therefore primatestend to behave as a cohesive unit. This is less likely in a group with widelymixed species, but can still happen.

Other behaviors that can be contagious with monkeys include playfulness,self-scratching and grooming......

Monkeys like this white-faced capuchin tend to bereactive to contagion at allstages of growth and de-velopment.


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A Monkey’s Mini-RainforestA Monkey’s Mini-RainforestA Monkey’s Mini-RainforestA Monkey’s Mini-RainforestA Monkey’s Mini-Rainforest

Look for a new rainforest photo gallery andsome tips on creating your own indoor or out-door rainforest on the Monkey Matterswebsite....


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The Human/Nonhuman Primate Connection

How Many Communication Displays doesthe average primate have???

Scientific Americanonce published a chartlisting the numbers ofknown communicationdisplays of some ofour favorite monkeys.

Known communi-cation displays ofthe:

Night monkey -16Sifica - 21Patas monkey - 24Dusky titi - 27Rufous naped tamarin - 32Ring-tailed lemur - 34Rhesus macaque - 37

As we can see, even prosimians or half-monkeys are very complex intheir communication skills. And the small tamarin has almost as manycommunication displays as the large Rhesus macaque.

Compare this to the shorter lists of cats and dogs, many of whom are notwell understood by their owners, and you will began to see why the oddsare stacked against the primate keeper who is not studious, patient, edu-cated and observant!.....

Adult Douc Langur “Jack”


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Fishing for snacks or swimming...

You can use your shallowmonkey pool for swimming,or as monkey mom Joanhas done, for some sum-mer snacking. Joansprinkles a layer of drysnacks in the bottom andher adult black-capped ca-puchins Zach, Kayla andBenji fish for their favorites.The nuts and popcorn areeaten first.

(Continued on next page) Black-capped capuchins Zach, Kayla andBenji (Photos from monkey mom Joan).


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(Fishing For Snacks or Swimming, continued)If you want to use your monkey pool for summer swimming, the best wayto start is with warm of hot water. You can attach a hose to your waterheater for hot water. Some people have good luck letting the filled pool sitin the sun the warm up.

Unlike capuchins who usually insist on hot water, Javas (and sometimesother macaques and a few guenons) will swim in cool or even cold water.Some monkeys prefer wading in shallow water to swimming. This adultAllen’s swamp guenon is wading at dusk in cool, very shallow water andfishing around for water bugs. (Photo from Marcia).....


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Shena (Java/Rhesus macaque) and Java (Java macaque) hanging out to-gether. Sheena, though younger, has always been bigger and stronger anddominant. (Photo from monkey mom Joie)

Macaque Factoids:Macaque Factoids:Macaque Factoids:Macaque Factoids:Macaque Factoids: In the wild, high ranking Rhesus macaque mothers are usually in goodhealth and rear their male and female offspring with equal success. Low ranking Rhesus mothers are frequently in poor condition and unableto produce much milk in a single bout of suckling. So their infants demand and are given more frequent access to the nipple. Since in this species, as in so many others, frequent nipple stimulationinhibits reproduction, low ranking mothers are usually unable to repro-duce the following year. Low ranking mothers start with inferior nutritional condition and suffermore if they have a daughter than a son. Low ranking females with daughters are attacked more frequently. The attacks may be so stressful that they also inhibit milk production. This leads to even more nipple stimulation by the hungry daughter and afurther reduction of the female’s fertility......


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I could dothis allday.....

Much to his en-joyment, monaguenon Sashagrooms olderw h i t e - f a c e dmale capuchinFilo.

"MOM!!Zac took my

piece!!”

Adult black-capped capu-chin brothersBenji and Zac(photo frommonkey momJoan)


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Send submissions, stories, letters, photos,Helpline Questions & Primate Placement Information to either

address below:E-MAIL: [email protected]

HARD MAIL: Monkey MattersPO Box 85152 - MB181San Diego CA 92186


A New Titi Monkey !A New Titi Monkey !A New Titi Monkey !A New Titi Monkey !A New Titi Monkey !


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Two New SpeciesTwo New SpeciesTwo New SpeciesTwo New SpeciesTwo New SpeciesFocus on:

(June 23, 2002) Rio De Janero - Scientistsworking in Brazil’s central Amazon havediscovered two new monkey species thatare about the size of small cats,Conservation International announcedtoday.

The discovery ofthe two newspecies of titimonkey in Brazil’sAmazon rain forestis published in aj u s t - r e l e a s e dspecial supplementto the journal Neotropical Primates. Theywere described by Marc van Roosmalen, aprimatologist at Brazil’s National Institutefor Amazon Research (INPA), his son,Tomas van Roosmalen, and RussellMittermeier, president of ConservationInternational and chair of the WorldConservation Union (IUCN) SpeciesSurvival Commission’s Primate SpecialistGroup.

“Even though our closest living relatives,the primates, have been very well-studiedfor the past four decades, we are onceagain surprised by the discovery of evenmore species,” said Mittermeier. “It proveshow much we still need to learn aboutbiological diversity, especially in the tropicalrainforests.”

One of the species, Callicebus bernhardi,

or Prince Bernhard’s titi monkey, isremarkable for its dark orangesideburns, chest and the inner sidesof its limbs, its reddish-brown back,and a white-tipped black tail. It lives

between theeast bank ofthe RioMadeira andthe lowerreaches of itstributary, theRio Aripuaña,south of theRiver.

Callicebus bernhardi is named forHis Royal Highness PrinceBernhard of the Netherlands, anoted naturalist who created theOrder of the Golden Ark to honorconservationists internationally.This prestigious award wasbestowed upon coauthors Marc VanRoosmalen and Russell Mittermeierin recent years. Van Roosmalen willpresent the discovery to the Princeat Soestdijk Palace in Holland onJune 25, four days before thePrince’s 91st birthday.

Prince Bernhard will also receivea special portrait of his monkey byStephen Nash, CI’s technicalillustrator, who has made majorcontributions to primate

The stephennashi is a silvermonkey with a blackforehead and red sideburns,crest and red on the innersides of the limbs.


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conservation worldwide through hisposters and educational materials. Thesecond new species, Callicebusstephennashi, is named after Nash, whoworks for Conservation International andis based at the Department of AnatomicalSciences at the State University of NewYork at Stony Brook.

C a l l i c e b u sstephennashi, orStephen Nash’s titimonkey, is silver incolor, with a blackforehead and redsideburns, chestand inner sides oflimbs. Sincefishermen broughtit to Van Roosmalen’s Breeding Centerfor Endangered Wildlife in Manaus, it isuncertain where it lives. Van Roosmalenbelieves it came from the eastern bankof the Rio Purús in Central Amazonia.

“I am currently using my new discoveriesto convince the Brazilian government tocreate nature reserves in the areaswhere I have found these species andwhere others, yet unknown to science,are likely to live,” says Marc vanRoosmalen. “The Amazon is extremelyrich in biodiversity, and these newly-discovered creatures should be regardedas flagship species.”

Scientists have described 24 monkeysnew to science since 1990, according toAnthony Rylands, senior director at theCenter for Applied Biodiversity Science

at Conservation International, 13 ofwhich are from Brazil. Including thesetwo new monkeys, Brazil now has 95species of primates, far more than anyother country, and 134 species andsubspecies, close to one-quarter ofthe global total. Van Roosmalen andMittermeier have previously described

four other newmonkey species.

Titi monkeys areabout the size ofa small cat. Theylive in the denseunderstory of theSouth Americantropical forests insmall family

groups of a mated pair and theiroffspring. Twenty-eight species, eachwith unique and colorful fur patterns,are now known to occur over a largepart of the Amazon basin and theAtlantic forest of eastern Brazil.

Conservation International (CI)applies innovations in science,economics, policy and communityparticipation to protect the Earth’srichest regions of plant and animaldiversity in the hotspots, major tropicalwilderness areas and key marineecosystems. With headquarters inWashington, D.C., CI works in morethan 30 countries on fourcontinents......

Brazil now has 95 speciesof primates, far more thanany other country, and 134species and subspecies,close to one-quarter of theglobal total.


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Send your best shot to:

Spying on birds, monaguenon Sasha likes tosit up high in her en-closed garden room.(Photo from CC)

Monkey mom Joiesays, “This is mycapuchin “Jony”‘playing horsey’with my Javamacaque “Java”outside by theirpool. The girls gettired of Jony play-ing.” (Photo fromDee)

Monkeys In ActionPO Box 85152 - MB 181San Diego CA 92186


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By J Dunn

"Nutrition" is intended for educational purposes. If your primate has a medical prob-lem, consult your veterinarian immediately. Monkey Chow is specially manufactured tomeet the needs of New World and Old World primates. It is currently recommended as abasic ingredient in every monkey's diet.

Now Monkeys Have A New Reason To Refuse Monkey ChowTo take a bad situation (monkeys generally not preferring to eat monkey chow)and make it considerably worse, Purina monkey chows (Mazuri) have nowgone to dogs by adding the preservative ethoxyquin (See Ethoxyquin, p---)

Monkey Chow And Monkey Chow AlternativesWhen selecting a high quality food you have to learn how to distinguish betweenthe good and bad ingredients.

(Young ring-tailed lemurholding monkey chowbiscuit)

But there’sethoxyquin in it

Mom.....


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Some pet products are not fit for human consumption and others (the onesyou want) have better quality ingredients and are considered human grade. A few companies that make pet foods fit for human consumption are: NaturaPet Food Products at 1-800-532-7261. Breeders Choice at 1-800-255-4286and the website is www.breeders-choice.com. Precise at 1-800-446-7148. Natu-ral Life Pet Products at 1-800-367-2391. Sensible Choice, Royal Canin, USA,Inc., at 1-800-592-6687 and website at www.royalcanin.com.

Most leaf eaters like this DoucLangur are now endangered.Sadly, even their leaf eater chownow contains ethoxiquin.


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Monkeys are social/emotional creatures with complex social/emotional needs. They are animalsthat require serious, well-educated caretakers. Monkey care can be a rewarding and positiveexperience. Yet with improper understanding and precaution, some mature monkeys can be difficultor even dangerous to humans. A fulfilling and enriched captive life-style can be offered to allprimates. Yet receiving improper human care and precaution can be detrimental and/or life threat-ening to monkeys. To an individual extent, monkeys change in their needs and behaviors atdifferent life stages. They are subject to their own inherent traits, the effects of the environment(s)they have been raised in and whether or not they have a quality/bonded relationship with a humancaretaker and/or other social animal. Keeping captive monkeys in pairs or groups as adultsrequires knowledgeable and vigilant caretakers. Two or more monkeys in a social relationship canresult in social benefits and stimulation or in social challenges, tension and aggression, which canbe life threatening. For pertinent information in addition to Monkey Matters, the Monkey Helplineis available. For personal experience plus referencing from dozens of primate books, write or callanytime (number inside) with your questions on behavior or care.....

An Open Letter To New Readers:

Below, Java/Rhesus macaque“Shena”, stepping out. Monkey momJoie says, “Shena has plentyof roomto exercise but she’s still gettingchubby”. (Photo from Joie)

A serious look from a seriously largeprimate...this beautiful gorillas is en-dangered. (Photo from Joe C.)(Continued on next page)

See youSee youSee youSee youSee you again again again again againon-lineon-lineon-lineon-lineon-line!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

http://www.monkeymatters.com


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Above, “monkeys in pairs”, two Allen’s swamp monkeys facing off. One is making ahigh trilling sound at the other. Below, monkey fun in a mini-rainforest, squirrel mon-key Pip hopes to find some insects.....

(Parting Shots, continued)


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Monkey Matters staff members have successfully placed a number of primates prior to officiallystarting our Primate Placement Service. We will continue to work with anyone who wants to place aprimate up for adoption in deciding what type of home would best suit his or her individual primate'sneeds. No money changes hands in a placement. Where appropriate, we can recommend propersanctuaries.

We have the expertise to work with you in finding the best possible new home for your cherished monkey.

Primate Placement ServiceMonkey Matters'

Are you giving up a monkey you care about? (Xerox this for your files)

Your application will be kept on file. Due to volume of correspondence, no replies will be

made to applications until a primate is available.....

Wanted!Wanted!Wanted!Wanted!Wanted!

ppppp Monkey Matters wants yourmonkey's "Mug Shots"!ppppp Send your clearest ones! Originalphotos reproduce the best.ppppp Please send extra copies that wecan keep, if possible!

To adopt a primate, please contact us by mailonly with your name, address, phone number, your yearsof experience with primates. List ages and types of pri-mates, your vet's name (or name of one you plan to use),address and phone number.

Due to a change in editorial policy, we are currently not accepting ads.

○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○

To Whom It May Concern, We, the undersigned, are directly concerned with ▲ the well-being ofprimates ▲ the education of private owners ▲ the rights of owners in each state to keep primatesresponsibly ▲ the rights of owners to be fairly regulated. Please keep our petition in favor of the fairprivate ownership of monkeys in your file. We support the right of citizens in every state to responsi-bly keep primates (as pet monkeys, as aviary monkeys, exhibitor monkeys, breeder monkeys andrescue monkeys) and our right to be fairly regulated. Where citizens have already lost their right toown monkeys, we support restoration of such rights.

Name Printed______________________________________________________________________________Signature_________________________________________________________________________________Address__________________________________________________________________________________City/State/Zip_____________________________________________________________________

Petition For Responsible Monkey Ownership

For people who want help in placing (not selling) a cherished primate into a desirable, new home call: (800) 796-7363 (ext. 1100146) 24 hours a day.

Monkey Helpline Service: If behavior is the problem, and you would still like to keep yourmonkey, please call our Helpline for possible solutions and problem solving skills.

Tel: (800) 796-7363, ext. 1100146 E-mail: [email protected]

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Monkey Matters Complete GuideTo Care & Behavior (Volumes 1 & 2) $95.00

To have Monkey Matters Complete Guide sent as a gift, just add anote asking for a gift card and your order will be rushed!▲ 900 pages with a color photo cover on each volume!▲ Over 2000 illustrations & photographs!

▲ Includes the Monkey Matters caretaker evalu-ation chart (rate yourself as a monkey caretaker!)▲ Has detailed chapter contents and an indexfor easy referencing!▲ Includes chapters on understanding behav-iors and on problem behaviors.▲ Thoroughly researched descriptions of spe-cies behaviors, including helpful illustrations.▲ A thorough guide to primate enrichment.▲ A complete chapter on social enrichment.▲ Unique and inspirational housing designs!

▲ To order the Monkey Matters Complete GuideTo Care & Behavior:

The cost for both volumes is: $85.00 + $10.00shipping & handling (insured UPS) or if youhave a PO box address, (UPS does not de-liver to PO boxes) the cost is $12 for insured 3day mail.

Send a check or money order to -Monkey Matters (Book)PO Box 85152 - MB 181San Diego CA 92186

(Please allow 6-12 weeks for delivery)

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Volume 8 Number 3 - Monkey Matters

Documents

Transcript of Volume 8 Number 3 - Monkey Matters