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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

6

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We`gx dxpacig A) sgcpaoe 2) cidwsg 2 ol pbg W%S% Coespapwpaoe)

Coefxgss bds pbg ~ovgx po ~xomopg pbg ~xofxgss ol scagecg de`

wsglwi dxps) hq sgcwxaef lox iamapg` pamgs po dwpboxs de` ae|gepoxs

pbg grciwsa|g xafbp po pbgax xgs~gcpa|g vxapaefs de` asco|gxags%

Pbg Laxsp Coefxgss ~dssg` pbg Co~qxafbp Dcp ol 461>) De Dcp lox

pbg Gecowxdfgmgep ol Igdxeaef) hq Sgcwxaef pbg Co~ags ol Md~s)

Cbdxps) de` Hoojs po pbg Dwpboxs de` ^xo~xagpoxs ol Swcb Co~ags%

G|gxq pamg pgcbeoiofq bds `g|gio~g` egv vdqs po co~q ox

`aspxahwpg voxjs) co~qxafbp idv bds bd` po cdpcb w~% D|daidhaiapq

ol ~xaepaef ~xgssgs de` ~bopoco~q mdcbaegs bd|g xgtwaxg`

cbdefgs ae co~qxafbp idv% @afapa{dpaoe as eov xgtwaxaef co~qxafbp

idv po cdpcb w~ dfdae% Cowxps fgegxdiiq xgmdae saigep oe pbg

d~~iacdpaoe ol co~qxafbp idv po egv pgcbeoiofags) hgcdwsg pbg

kw`fgs jeov Coefxgss as voxjaef oe cbdefgs ae pbg idv po

dccommo`dpg pbosg pgcbeoiofags%

Pbg @afapdi Maiigeeawm Co~qxafbp Dcp "@MCD! vds ~dssg` ae

4112 po d``xgss asswgs dxasaef hgcdwsg ol `afapdi pgcbeoiofags de`

po coeloxm W%S% idv vapb pbg xgtwaxgmgeps ol cgxpdae pxgdpags% Somgol pbg mosp am~oxpdep sgcpaoes ol pbg @MCD po iahxdxags aeciw`g

pbg ~xobahapaoe dfdaesp caxcwm|gepaef pgcbeoiofacdi ~xopgcpaoe

mgdswxgs ~wp ae ~idcg hq pbg co~qxafbp ovegx po coepxoi dccgss po

d co~qxafbpg` voxj%

Pbg Pgcbeoiofq) G`wcdpaoe) de` Co~qxafbp Bdxmoea{dpaoe

"PGDCB! Dcp diiovs wsg ol eoe-~gxloxmdecg mg`ad de` ~dxps ol

~gxloxmdecg mg`ad ae `aspdecg g`wcdpaoe) aeciw`aef oe vghsapgs

de` hq opbgx `afapdi mgdes) ~xo|a`g` pbg g`wcdpaoedi aespapwpaoe

mggps xafoxows spde`dx`s we`gx pbg Dcp% Dccox`aef po Mx%

Mc@oeowfb) pbg PGDCB Dcp sgps w~ coeliacps vapb pbg depa-

caxcwm|gepaoe ~oxpaoe ol pbg @MCD%

Co~qxafbp idv `gdis vapb d pxadefwidpaoe ol aepgxgsps) pbosg ol

ovegxs) wsgxs) de` dxpasps% Vapb pbg 416< xg|asaoe ol pbg Co~qxafb

Dcp) vbacb co`alag` lox pbg laxsp pamg pbg ldax wsg `ocpxaeg) iahxdxags

de` dcd`gmacs fop pbg w~~gx bde`% We`gx pbg ldax wsg `ocpxaeg)

co~qaef d co~qxafbpg` voxj lox cxapacasm) commgep) egvs

xg~oxpaef) pgdcbaef) scboidxsba~) ox xgsgdxcb as eop aelxaefgmgep%

Bovg|gx ae pbg 411>s) pbgxg vds d lgdx pbdp pbg whatwapq ol pbg

aepgxegp vowi` gspxoq co~qxafbp ae`wspxags% Hgcdwsg ol pbas lgdx)

co~qxafbp idvs ~dssg` `wxaef pbg 411>s fd|g co~qxafbp boi`gxs

pbg w~~gx bde`% Wepai asswgs dhowp pbg @MCDs com~xomasg ol

ldax wsg dxg xgsoi|g`) ap vaii bd|g d cbaiiaef gllgcp oe iahxdxags de`

wsgxs%

Mx% Mc@oeowfb sda` pbdp g|gxqoeg as coelwsg` dhowp co~qxafbp

idv pbgsg `dqs% Lox bgi~ vapb lafwxaef owp vbdp po `o) bg

xgcommge`g pbg Co~qxafbp ae pbg @afapdi Iahxdxq sapg dp bpp~;//

vvv%wpsqspgm%g`w/ofc/Aepgiigcpwdi^xo~gxpq/i-`afiah%bpm%

Co~qxafbp ae pbg @afapdi Iahxdxq as d ~dxp ol pbg WP Sqspgm Cxdsb

Cowxsg ae Co~qxafbp) vbacb cde hg lowe` dp bpp~;//

vvv%wpsqspgm%g`w/ofc/Aepgiigcpwdi^xo~gxpq/c~xpae`r%bpm%

Mx% Mc@oeowfb diso s~ojg dhowp pbg coepxdcp aef dvdq ol ldax

wsg xafbps pbdp cde occwx vapb iacgesg dfxggmgeps% Oe pbdp asswg)

bg xgcommge`g` Igsigq Giige Bdxxas)Iacgesaef @afapdi Coepgep;

D ^xdcpacdi Fwa`g lox Iahxdxades "Cbacdfo; Dmgxacde Iahxdxq

Dssocadpaoe) 8>>8!% Bg mgepaoeg` somg ol pbg ~xohigms) ldmaiadx

po mosp iahxdxades) vapb ~xo|a`aef scboidxiq mdpgxadis we`gx oeiaeg

swhscxa~paoes) aeciw`aef pbg ~xohigms ol xgspxacpg` dccgss de` pbg

ldcp pbdp vbge pbg iahxdxq spo~s ~dqaef lox pbg oeiaeg

swhscxa~paoe) ap wswdiiq iosgs dccgss po dii pbg coepgep) g|ge

dxcba|gs%

Ap as eop kwsp iahxdxags de` wsgxs vbo dxg hgaef dllgcpg` hq pbg

`qaef edpwxg ol ~bqsacdi `aspxahwpaoe% Dwpboxs dxg eop fgppaef ~da`

d`gtwdpgiq de` dxg iosaef co~qxafbps% Mx% Mc@oeowfb

swffgspg` pbdp dcd`gmacs) vbo mwsp `o xgsgdxcb de` ~whiasb

hgcdwsg ol pbg pgewxg sqspgm) de` iahxdxades loxm ~dxpegxsba~s ae

aepgxegp ~whiasbaef% Pbas vowi` xgswip ae hgppgx com~gesdpaoe ol

dxpasps de` hgppgx dccgss lox xgsgdxcbgxs%

Mx% Mc@oeowfb diso gr~xgssg` coecgxe dhowp pbg dxcba|di

lwecpaoe ol iahxdxags% Pbaefs bg egg`s jgg~ `asd~~gdxaef% Pbg

~whiac as iosaef dccgss po pbg dccwmwidpg` jeovig`fg ol pbg ~dsp

cow~ig bwe`xg` qgdxs hgcdwsg ol pbg @MCD) coepxdcp idv) de`pbg coesoia`dpaoe ol ~whiasbgxs%

Bovg|gx) Mx% Mc@oeowfb ge`g` oe d ~osapa|g eopg% Bg hgiag|gs

pbdp) ds ~go~ig hgcomg moxg ~oiapacdiiq dvdxg) pbgq vaii sw~~oxp

pbg xoig ol iahxdxags ds dxcba|gs) eop kwsp pbg eopaoe ol pxd`apaoedi

xoig ol iahxdxags% Bg diso ~xg`acpg` pbdp vg vaii sgg |acpoxags ae pbg

egrp 4> qgdxs%

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

2

D Ealpq Sgx|acg; \axpwdi Xglgxgecghq Spg~bdeag K% Hwxjg) ^d~~ds Idv Iahxdxq) Hospoe Wea|gxsapq

Scbooi ol Idv

Pxdcq Pbom~soe) Grgcwpa|g @axgcpox ol EGIICO) jacjg` oll pbg

~xofxdm) Mq Hxopbgx Vds Kwsp dxxgspg`) de`Pbg Xgdi

Gr~gxagecg ol \axpwdi Xglgxgecg) vapb d cia~ lxom de Obao egvshxod`cdsp% D xg~oxpgx) ioojaef dp de Obao ~whiac iahxdxqs Jeov Ap

Eov |axpwdi xglgxgecg sgx|acg) cdiig` ap d ealpq sgx|acg% Pvo

~degiasps) IIEGs ove Scopp Mdpbgsoe ol Qdig Idv Scbooi

Iahxdxq) de` Spg|g McJae{ag ol @acjaesoe Coiigfg ae

^geesqi|dead) pbge ~xocgg`g` po `ghdpg pbg mgxaps ol so-cdiig`

ealpq |axpwdi xglgxgecg sgx|acg%

Pbg po~ac vds ol ~dxpacwidx aepgxgsp po EGIICO mgmhgxs vbo dxg

cwxxgepiq pdjaef ~dxp ae d eaeg-moepb ~aiop |axpwdi xglgxgecg

~xofxdm cdiig` Iahxdxq Idviaeg) sgg bpp~;//vvv%egiico%oxf/

iahxdxqidviaeg/% Scopp Mdpbgsoe) d ~xo~oegep ol |axpwdi xglgxgecg)

bds bd` d mdkox xoig ae pbg Iahxdxq Idviaeg sgx|acg% Spg|g

McJae{ag as co-dwpbox vapb Koedpbde Idwgx ol pvo xgcgep dxpacigsoe |axpwdi xglgxgecg) \axpwdi Xglgxgecg; O|gxxdpg`) Aelidpg` de`

Eop G|ge Xgdi) Cbdxigspoe D`|asgx0) eo% 8 "Ocpohgx 8>>8!; 7

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

1

xglgxgecg iahxdxades pdjg lox fxdepg` eov% Mx% Mdpbgsoe spdpg`

pbdp g|gepwdiiq) bde`iaef |axpwdi xglgxgecg vbaig dp pbg xglgxgecg

`gsj vaii iajgiq hg pbg sdmg) vapb xglgxgecg iahxdxades kwffiaef

|axpwdi xglgxgecg ~dpxoes) ae-~gxsoe ~dpxoes) de` pgig~boeg

xglgxgecg%

Oeg ol pbg hgeglaps ol |axpwdi xglgxgecg) hopb ~degiasps dfxgg`)

vds pbg cxgdpaoe ol pxdescxa~ps ol xglgxgecg aepgxdcpaoes% \axpwdi

xglgxgecg aepgxdcpaoes g|oi|g aepo d |diwdhig `dpdhdsg oltwgspaoes de` desvgxs% Hopb diso cdwpaoeg` pbdp pbgxg as somg

`defgx po bd|aef d xgcox` ol xglgxgecg aepgxdcpaoes) de` ~xo~gx

~xocg`wxgs mwsp hg wsg` po sdlgfwdx` pbas aeloxmdpaoe%

Pbg laedi twgspaoe vds pbg ~degiasps |agv ol pbg lwpwxg ol |axpwdi

xglgxgecg% Mx% McJae{ag spdxpg` hq spdpaef pbdp |axpwdi xglgxgecg

`ogs bd|g d ~idcg ae pbg lwpwxg) `g~ge`aef oe pbg coepgrp% ^dpxoes

vbo bd|g po pxd|gi po |asap ~whiac iahxdxags) swcb ds pbosg ae pbg

Obao egvs spoxq vbacb o~geg` pbg ~degi) mdq hg vgii sgx|g` hq

|axpwdi xglgxgecg% Spw`geps dp d smdii xgsa`gepadi coiigfg vbgxg pbg

iahxdxq as ciosg hq mdq eop hg% Foo` xglgxgecg voxj) Mx% McJae{ag

~oaepg` owp) xgtwaxgs jeovig`fg ol pbg ciagep de` pbg

ge|axoemgep) de` d ~gxsoedi coepgrp as grpxgmgiq |diwdhig% \axpwdixglgxgecg ogs bd|g aps ~idcg) aeciw`aef sbovaef pbdp iahxdxades

dxg oe po~ ol pgcbeoiofq% Bovg|gx) bg cdwpaoeg` eop po hg `xdve

ae hq pbg lidsb ol |axpwdi xglgxgecg vbge d moxg pxd`apaoedi loxm

ol xglgxgecg mdq hgppgx sgx|g pbg ~dpxoe commweapq%

\axpwdi xglgxgecg mdq hg d lar hgloxg pbgxg as d ~xohigm) Scopp

Mdpbgsoe d`mappg`) hwp bg sda` |axpwdi xglgxgecg diso sgx|gs de

am~oxpdep lwecpaoe% Ae-~gxsoe xglgxgecg spdpaspacs dxg ove dp

mosp iahxdxags) g|ge pbowfb spw`geps dxg oe cdm~ws de` ae pbg

iahxdxq g|gxq dq% Mx% Mdpbgsoe vgep oe) ~oaepaef owp pbdp ap as

am~oxpdep po aepgfxdpg |axpwdi xglgxgecg aepo pbg mar ol ae ~gxsoe) g-

mdai de` pgig~boeg xglgxgecg% Dipbowfb |axpwdi xglgxgecg eov mdq

pdjg d hap ioefgx) ds ap xgtwaxgs pq~aef pbg gepaxg aepgxdcpaoe) vbge|oacgo|gx A^ de` xgdi pamg |a`go commweacdpaoe am~xo|g) pbg pamg

ol gdcb |axpwdi xglgxgecg aepgxdcpaoe vaii sbxaej% @aspdecg

g`wcdpaoe mdq diso aecxgdsg pbg gmde` lox |axpwdi xglgxgecg%

\axpwdi xglgxgecg) Scopp mdaepdaeg`) vaii hg ~dxp ol pbg ide`scd~g

ol xglgxgecg%

Mo`gxdpox Pxdcq Pbom~soe ~oaepg` owp pbg coepgrp as am~oxpdep

|axpwdi xglgxgecg voxjs vgii ae somg sapwdpaoes) de` eop so vgii

ae opbgxs% Pbg dw`agecg pbge kwm~g` aepo pbg `ghdpg% Kode Sbgdx

ol Hospoe Coiigfg ~oaepg` owp pbdp g|ge vbge sbg hgfaes de

aepgxdcpaoe vapb d ~whiac ~dpxoe) sbg vaii olpge g-mdai d WXI po

pbgm xdpbgx pbde pxq po fa|g d WXI o|gx pbg ~boeg) so |axpwdi

xglgxgecg voxjs vgii% Diso) de dw`agecg mgmhgx ~oaepg` owp pbdp

somgpamgs ~dpxoes `o eop vdep po d`map) ldcp po ldcg) pbdp pbgq `o

eop jeov somgpbaef%

Scopp Mdpbgsoe sda` ap as gdsagx po hwai` d xgidpaoesba~ vapb

~dpxoes) gs~gcadiiq qowx ove ~dpxoes) ldcg-po-ldcg) d``aef pbdp

ho`q idefwdfg de` ~gxsoedi aepgxdcpaoe dxg iosp ae d |axpwdi

xglgxgecg aepgxcbdefg% Spg|g McJae{ag xgmae`g` g|gxqoeg pbdp

g|ge g-mdai cde hg pxacjq) ds mdeq bd|g gr~gxagecg`) vbge pbg

xgca~agep `ogs eop ~gxcga|g pbg mdeegx ae vbacb pbg sge`gx

aepge`g` pbg commweacdpaoe po hg sgep% Asswgs vapb

coela`gepadiapq vgxg diso `ascwssg`) de` g|gxqoeg dfxgg` pbdp

spxoef ~oiacags po ~xopgcp ~dpxoes coela`gepadiapq dxg |apdi po d

swccgsslwi |axpwdi xglgxgecg sgx|acg%

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po~ac vds aepgxgspaef lox dii iahxdxades po coesa`gx ds d com~oegep

ol xglgxgecg sgx|acg ae pbg lwpwxg% Pbg mo`gxdpox) ~degiasps de`

dw`agecg dii vgxg gefdfg` de` aepgxgspg` ae pbg xoig |axpwdi

xglgxgecg mdq ~idq ae pbg lwpwxg ol dii xglgxgecg iahxdxades de`iahxdxags%

Ealpq Sgx|acg coepaewg`

@afapdi Iahxdxags; Mqpb) Xgdiapq ox Somgvbgxg ae

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Lox pbg sgcoe` sgssaoe ol pbg `dq) pvo `afapdi iahxdxq fwxws pooj

pbg spdfg% Vaiiadm Hax`sdii as pbg dwpbox olPbg Mqpb ol pbg

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Dmgxacd% @x% Id|gxed Sdwe`gxs as Wea|gxsapq Iahxdxade) @wtwgseg

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^xdcpacdi de` ^baioso~bacdi ^gxs~gcpa|gs%

Haii pooj d ~baioso~bacdi d~~xodcb) bafbiafbpaef pbg baspoxacdi xoig

ol iahxdxags de` cdiiaef oe iahxdxades po xgmgmhgx pbg am~oxpdecg ol

socadi |diwgs de` lwe`dmgepdi bwmde xafbps vbge cxdlpaef afapdi

iahxdxq ~oiacags% Id|gxed d``xgssg` cwxxgep pxge`s de` asswgs pbdp

swxxowe` `afapdi iahxdxags po`dq%

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locws oe pgcbeoiofacdi asswgs) vapb eo locws oe |diwgs% Ds d

xgswip) iappig dppgepaoe bds hgge fa|ge po pbg |diwgs pbdp sbowi`

fo|gxe |axpwdi iahxdxq ~oiacags% Haii eopg` pbdp) aeloxmdpaoepgcbeoiofq a`goiofq bds xa|ge afapdi iahxdxq ~whiac ~oiacq o|gx

pbg ~dsp pge qgdxs ox so% Pbas pgcbeoiofacdi sidep bds ~xo`wcg`

`afapdi iahxdxq ~oiacags pbdp dxg bafbiq aeliwgecg` hq pbg gcoeomac

mdxjgp de` eop socadi |diwgs% O|gx pbg ~dsp `gcd`g) ca|ai egg`s

bd|g hgge pxwm~g` hq gcoeomac am~gxdpa|gs%

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|diwgs de` bov pbgq|g hgge pxdesloxmg` o|gx pamg% Vbge ~whiac

iahxdxags vgxg laxsp gspdhiasbg` ae pbg Weapg` Spdpgs) pbgq maxxoxg`

pbg va`giq bgi` a`gd pbdp de ae`a|a`wdis dccgss po jeovig`fg vds

cxapacdi po bd|aef de aeloxmg` capa{ge ae d gmocxdcq% Haii diso

`ascwssg` pbg pbxgg fgegxdpaoes ol xafbps pbdp bd|g aeliwgecg`

iahxdxq ~oiacags; pbg ca|ai de` ~oiapacdi xafbps pbdp vgxg hoxe ae pbg

42pb cgepwxq: xafbps po d`gtwdpg g`wcdpaoe de` bowsaef pbdp vgxg

hq~xo`wcps ol pbg ae`wspxadi xg|oiwpaoe ol pbg idpg 41pb cgepwxq:

de` idspiq) pbg xafbp po commweacdpg) vbacb vds laxmiq gspdhiasbg`

dp pbg ge` ol pbg 8> pb cgepwxq% Haii coepge`s pbg iahxdxq as pbg

aespapwpaoedi gmho`amgep ol pbg xafbp po commweacdpg de` pbdp

vg sbowi` eop dhde`oe pxd`apaoedi |diwgs hwp aepgxpvaeg ox

xgcdsp pbgm vapbae d bwmde xafbps lxdmgvoxj% Ae sboxp) eop oeiq

sbowi` `afapdi iahxdxq ~oiacags sw~~oxp d ~gxsoes xafbp po hg

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

4>

aeloxmg`) pbgq sbowi` diso sw~~oxp de ae`a|a`wdis xafbp po lxggiq

commweacdpg pbdp aeloxmdpaoe%

Ae d afapdi voxi`) Haii dxfwg`) iahxdxades mwsp xg-grdmaeg pbgax

~xolgssaoedi |diwgs de` ~xo|a`g igd`gxsba~ po geswxg pbdp socadi

|diwgs de` hdsac bwmde xafbps hgcomg coxegxspoegs ae `afa pdi

iahxdxq ~oiacags%

Vapb de aeloxmdpa|g ovgx~oaep ~xgsgepdpaoe gepapig`) Pbg@afapdi Iahxdxq; \axpwdi S~dcg , bqsacdi ^idcg) Id|gxed owpiaeg`

cwxxgep pxge`s de` asswgs pbdp ldcg iahxdxades de` sbdxg` bgx

~gxsoedi gr~gxagecgs ds d Iahxdxq @axgcpox% Bgx gefdfaef spqig

gecowxdfg` dw`agecg mgmhgxs po pbaej dhowp pbgax ove iahxdxags

de` sbdxg gr~gxagecgs% Sbg powcbg` oe d ewmhgx ol po~acs swcb

ds massaoe spdpgmgeps) pbg mdxjgpaef ol afapdi xgsowxcgs) pbg

dhwe`decg ol egv gigcpxoeac `g|acgs) dccgss) dwpbgepacdpaoe)

co~qxafbp) ~xa|dcq) hw`fgp xgspxacpaoes) iacgesaef) pbg xgdiiocdpaoe

ol lwe`s) ~bqsacdi lapegss) aepgx~gxsoedi commweacdpaoe sjaiis) pbg

egg` po mdaepdae de` gebdecg pbg iahxdxq ds d ~bqsacdi ~idcg) de`

igd`gxsba~%

Ds iahxdxades spxwffig po jgg~ w~ vapb xd`acdi pgcbeoiofacdid`|decgs de` geswxg pbdp xgsowxcgs dxg d|daidhig ae gigcpxoeac

loxmdps) pbgq mwsp xg|agv de` dmge` pbgax massaoe spdpgmgeps%

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mggpaefs/S~xaef>3/bde`owps%bpmi

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IIEG Hwsaegss Mggpaef Maewpgs) Mdxcb 82) 8>>3Swhmappg` hq Kgdeeaeg W~~fdx`) IIEG Sgcxgpdxq

^XGSA@GEPS XG^OXP

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~xofxdm%

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8>>3) dp pbg IIEG/SEGIID Koaep Cbd~pgx Iwecbgoe%

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DHD Hxacjs , Hqpgs Coelgxgecghq Jam @wiae) Eoxpbgdspgxe Wea|gxsapq Scbooi ol Idv Iahxdxq

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DDII @a|gxsapq Sqm~osawm

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

47

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

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IIEG Egvs) \oiwmg 83) Ewmhgx 8) 8>>3

42

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7/30/2019 Volume 23, Issue 2, 2003

19/20

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7/30/2019 Volume 23, Issue 2, 2003

20/20

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