Volume 21 Friday, April 3, 1998 Number 7

More users from more states and morecountries than ever before are gearingup for the physics of the 21st centuryat Fermilab.By Judy Jackson, Office of Public Affairs

“Where else would I go?” asked the youngphysicist from California. Of course, shehastened to add, scientific goals and tastes vary,but “for me Fermilab is the best place in theworld right now to do high-energy physics.”

In 1998, 2,716 of her colleagues in thefield of high-energy physics research agreed.They form the community of Fermilab userswho come to the Laboratory from 225institutions in 38 states and 23 foreigncountries to carry out particle physics researchat the energy frontier. For trend-watchers, thenumbers are up, from 2,309 users from 188institutions in 36 states and 20 foreigncountries in 1997.

Fermilab’s one-sentence mission is to“advance the understanding of the fundamentalnature of matter and energy by providingleadership and resources for qualifiedresearchers to conduct basic research at thefrontiers of high-energy physics and relateddisciplines.”

Those “qualified researchers” are whatFermilab defines as users: physicists andgraduate students from universities and otherresearch institutions, members of collaborationswhose experiments are listed in the annual“Fermilab Research Program Workbook” for1998. To be listed in the Workbook, anexperiment must be “active”—

Fermilab Users–A Physics CommunityPortrait for 1998

continued on page 2

fINSIDE

4 Shaevitz Profile

5 Essay Contest

6 Birds

8 LCW

9 Lambertsons

10 DuPage Road

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Clockwise from upper left:

Fermilab’s users’soccer league has astrong multinationalflavor.

Juan Valls of RutgersUniversity andValencia, Spain is aCDF collaborator.

Doug Benjamin (left)and Alan Sill fromTexas Tech Universityanalyze equipment atthe Silicon DetectorFacility.

FermiNews April 3, 19982

that is, in a stage of detailed design,construction, data-taking or data analysis. While most other national laboratories numberindustrial scientists among their users, all ofFermilab’s users come from the world ofacademic research.

No better place for physicsData from Collider Run I at the Tevatron,

the world’s most powerful particle detector,gave the evidence for the long-sought topquark, homed in on the mass of the force-carrying particle called the W boson, andrevealed the last of the tribe of particles knownas mesons, among other achievements. Datafrom the subsequent year-long fixed-target runof experiments that ended in 1997 are justbeginning to yield up their harvest of newknowledge about matter-antimatter asymmetry,the nature of neutrinos, the character of theforces that act on the fundamental particles ofmatter, and the secrets of the quarks. As theLaboratory prepares for Collider Run II at theTevatron— newly upgraded to achieve record-breaking rates of high-energy proton-antiproton collisions,—users look forward to adecade of unparalleled research opportunity.Experimenters’ hopes are high for new physicsdiscoveries that may lie just ahead.

David Gerdes, associate professor of physicsat Johns Hopkins University and a member ofthe 450-scientist Collider Detector at Fermilabcollaboration, is chair of Fermilab’s Users’Executive Council.

“I’m at Fermilab because there is no better place on earth to do physics for the nextdecade,” Gerdes said recently. “Look at it thisway. CDF is a mature experiment. We’re aboutto celebrate our 25th birthday. Yet 95 percentof all the data that CDF will ever take over its lifetime has yet to be taken. It may even be more, if the historical pattern of under-estimating accelerator performance holds true.It’s very exciting.”

Gerdes added that his colleagues across the Tevatron ring at the younger DZerocollaboration are anticipating an even largerpercentage of lifetime data-taking in Run II.

Fermilab users are devoting 1998 toanalyzing and publishing data from the earlieraccelerator runs and to feverishly preparingCDF and DZero, the two collider detectors, to be ready for Run II when it begins early inthe year 2000.

“The thing I hope for most,” said YoungKee Kim, assistant professor of physics at theUniversity of California at Berkeley, “is that

Userscontinued from page 1

International, By CountriesArgentina 2; Brazil 41; Canada 22; Colombia 9; Czech Republic 6; Ecuador 1;England 33; France 20; Germany 42; Greece 10; India 25; Israel 12; Italy 313;Japan 121; Mexico 29; Peoples Republic of China 25; Poland 6, Russia 238;South Korea 26; Spain 1; Switzerland 8; Taiwan 23; Turkey 1.

International Top 10 Institutions1. IHEP, Protvino, Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 962. INFN, Pisa, Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643. JINR, Dubna, Russia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554. University of Pavia, Italy-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395. University of Tsukuba, Japan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336. NFN, Genoa, Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307. ITEP, Moscow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298. CBPF, Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299. PNPI, St Petersburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

10. IHEP, Academia Sinica, Taiwan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

U.S.A., By StatesAlabama 2; Arizona 21; California 175; Colorado 16; Connecticut 22; Florida 27; Georgia 3; Hawaii 7; Illinois 508; Indiana 66; Iowa 20; Kansas 20;Kentucky 1; Louisiana 7; Maryland 30; Massachusetts 103; Michigan 86;Minnesota 28; Mississippi 14; Missouri 1; Nebraska 4; New Jersey 29; NewMexico 41; New York 157; North Carolina 20; Ohio 17; Oklahoma 11; Oregon4; Pennsylvania 67; Puerto Rico 9; Rhode Island 13; South Carolina 9;Tennessee 17; Texas 80; Utah 1; Virginia 28; Washington 13; Wisconsin 22.

U.S. Top 10 Institutions (after Fermilab—299)1. Argonne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552. U Mich (Ann Arbor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523. U of Rochester. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435. U Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356. U Ill-Champaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357. Michigan State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348. Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329. SUNY Stony Brook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

10. UCLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

★

FermiNews April 3, 1998 3

Fermilab will have the resources to finish the Main Injector and the collider detectorupgrades and get going on the physics of thenext decade.”

That’s what Fermilab hopes for as well.According to Laboratory Director JohnPeoples, Fermilab is devoting 72 percent of its direct program funding in FY1998 tofinishing the Main Injector project, upgradingthe collider detectors, and completing othercritical work to prepare for Run II.

“Where ya from?”Of the total 2,717 Fermilab users, 1,703

come from U.S. institutions in 38 states:Missouri and Utah are newcomers this year.The Laboratory’s 1,014 foreign users comefrom 23 foreign countries with Spain, Ecuadorand the Czech Republic joining the list for 1998.

Not surprisingly, the largest U.S.delegation comes from Fermilab’s home stateof Illinois, with 508 experimenters. But noother American state matches the delegationsfrom Italy (313) or Russia (238). And onlyCalifornia (175) and New York (157) havemore Fermilab experimenters than Japan (121).Lunchtime conversations in Fermilab’s centralWilson Hall cafeteria occur in an exhilaratingmixture of languages, and social gatheringsfeature a delicious range of internationalcuisines. Each school day morning, the yellowschool bus from the West Chicago SchoolDistrict picks up children from Russian, Italian,Japanese and other international families wholive on site in the Fermilab Village.

continued on page 11

Of the total number of scientists doingphysics research at Fermilab, 555 are graduatestudents working on Ph.D.s in physics orastrophysics. Like their professors, they come to Fermilab for the scientific opportunities theLaboratory offers.

“When I had the opportunity to be a grad student on an experiment to find the lastunseen particle in the Standard Model, it wastoo good to pass up,” said John Trammel, astudent at the University of Minnesota.Trammel’s experiment, nicknamed DONUT, is combing through the data from the recentfixed-target run to find direct evidence for thetau neutrino, the only “unseen” particleremaining among the quarks and leptons of the prevailing theory of the fundamentalstructure of matter. Physicists have enoughindirect evidence for the tau to be sure it exists, but they have not yet seen its footprints.Trammel and his DONUT colleagues hope to spot them soon.

Linda Coney, a DZero graduate studentfrom Notre Dame University, found thatjoining Fermilab as a graduate student meansjoining the worldwide family of particle physics.

“Even as a graduate student at Fermilab,”Coney said, “you are included in thecommunity of particle physics. As a gradstudent, you have chances to give talks atconferences and participate in the research lifeof the field. By the time you get a Ph.D., youare part of the high-energy physics world.”

Linda Coney, a graduatestudent from Notre Dameand a DZero collaborator,joined the high-energyphysics family when shecame to Fermilab.

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UVa members of theKTeV collaboration: KarlaHagan-Ingram, AlexanderLedovskoy, John Adams,Brad Cox and MikeArenton.

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DZero electronics get aninspection from theUniversity of Arizona’sKen Johns, AjayNarayanan, Kevin Davis,and Freedy Nang.

▼

By Mike Perricone, Office of Public AffairsAs a kid in Columbus, Ohio, Mike

Shaevitz liked to build things, and he liked totake things apart.

As a Caltech postdoc at Fermilab, hehelped to build the Lab E neutrino detectorfrom scratch. He and his teammates startedwith an empty building in 1975, winding upwith 690 tons of calorimeter, 420 tons ofmagnet, and “wires everywhere,” he says with a laugh.

Now he has to help take it all apart—symbolically, at least. NuTeV (“Neutrinos atthe Tevatron”) experiment E815, proposed in 1990 to take advantage of the increasedintensity at the Tevatron, is the last of sixCCFR (Columbia-Chicago-Fermilab-Rochester) neutrino experiments using the Lab E detector. It will close out the 15-yearLab E neutrino program.

“I hate to see it go,” said Shaevitz, now asalt-and-pepper-haired professor of physics atColumbia University and cospokesman withBob Bernstein for experiment E815. “But it’stime to go on to other things. And we’reterminating with a bang.”

The “bang” is the 18-month run of E815that finished in September, 1997. The dataanalysis has been fast and furious, and the initialpreliminary data offer tantalizing implicationsfor Fermilab in Run II.

The 30-member collaboration used a newtype of neutrino beam called the “sign-selectedquad-triplet beam”, passing through thekilometer-long mound of earth and old steeloutside Lab E that filters out extraneousparticles and produces what Shaevitz describesas a very clean beam of neutrinos. The fixed-target experiment measured the weak mixingangle, which describes the amount ofelectromagnetic force in the weak interaction,and is complementary to measurements of the W-boson mass at DZero and CDF. Theexperiment produced a new mixing anglemeasurement of sin2(ΘW) = 0.2199 +/-0.0022, which corresponds to a W-boson massmeasurement of MW = 80.54 +/- 0.11 GeV.

Among its repercussions, that measure-ment complements others in pointing to arelatively light estimate for the mass of theHiggs boson, theorized as the origin of mass—dubbed “the God Particle” by physicist Leon Lederman.

“It’s a very weak dependence, so it’s hardto make a definitive statement on the Higgs,”Shaevitz said. “But our measurements, and the collider measurements of the mass of the W boson, are favoring a Higgs boson mass inthe range of 100 to a few hundred GeV. If theHiggs mass is light enough, it’s possible thecolliders here might be able to see it in the next run. Which would be very nice.”

If E815 helps point the way to the Higgs,Shaevitz’s career-long fascination with neutrinosgets some of the credit. As a grad student atOhio State, he encountered an Atomic EnergyCommission pamphlet titled “The ElusiveNeutrino,” starting him on the path. A highschool textbook had tipped the balance toward physics.

“Around 1963-64, I was in one of the firsthigh school classes to use the new PhysicalScience Study Committee textbooks,” herecalled. “Being able to explain how thingswork from the atomic scale to the cosmos waswhat fascinated me. I knew I wanted to dophysics research.”

Shaevitz is the Director of NevisLaboratories, the particle physics, nuclearphysics and astrophysics research facility forColumbia University’s Physics Dept. He andhis wife, Linda, live in Irvington, N.Y., justnorth of New York City. Their youngest son,Daniel, starts at Columbia next year as anengineering student; their oldest son, Joshua, is a junior physics major at Columbia.

“They both like to build things,” Shaevitz said, adding with a laugh: “AndJoshua is definitely another experimentalist, not a theorist.” ■

Mike ShaevitzCospokeperson for NuTeV

Director of NevisLaboratory, ColumbiaUniversity

Professor of Physics,Columbia University

I.D.# 00770V

P r o f i l e sI N P A R T I C L E P H Y S I C S

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FermiNews April 3, 19984

5

FermiNews Essay ContestFermiNews announces its first-ever essay contest, for the best answers to the question

Why should the U.S. remain a world leader in the science of high-energy physics?”

“

First PrizeFermiNews will award a bottle of Moët et Chandon Dom Pérignon Cuvée 1990(purchased at the editor’s personal expense!) to the writer of the essay of 500 words or lessthat best addresses the question, “Why shouldthe U.S. remain a world leader in the science of high-energy physics?”

Second PrizeTo the second-place winner,Congressman VernEhlers (R-MI),who is conductinga National SciencePolicy Study forthe U.S. HouseCommittee onScience, hasoffered the prize ofan American flagflown over theU.S. Capitol.

Plus… The first- and second-place essays willbe printed in FermiNews and published on theFermilab website.

And… Perhaps most important, the essayistswill be performing a much-needed service tothe research community. The winning writerscan be sure that their words will be widelycited, copied, borrowed and appropriated by all those who strive to communicate the natureand value of U.S. leadership in high-energyphysics research.

Who may enter:Anyone. Employees of DOE and NSF, as wellas relatives and close friends of the FermiNewseditorial staff, are not only allowed but stronglyencouraged to enter.

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FermiNews April 3, 1998

Dom Pérignon, named for the blindFrench monk who “invented” champagne,is among the world’s best champagne.“Toasty, earthy aromas and an expandingmousse make this an unusually assertiveChampagne. Creamy in texture, ripe andfruity in flavor...” says Wine Spectator ofDom Pérignon Cuvée 1990. Why a Frenchchampagne for a FermiNews contest?Although other nations now also toil inthe vineyards, France remains a worldleader in the production of fine wine.

The judges:The first- and second-place essays will be chosen by a distinguished panel of judges:• Robert Eisenstein, Assistant Director

for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Science Foundation

• Peter Rosen, Associate Director for High Energy and Nuclear Physics, U.S. Department of Energy

• Curt Suplee, Science Writer and Editor, The Washington Post

• Michael Witherell, Chair, High Energy Physics Advisory Panel

How to enter:Submit an essay of 500 words or less addressing the contest question to FermiNews by Tuesday, May 5, 1998.FermiNews will accept essays in virtually any form: e-mail (ferminews@fnal.gov); FAX (630-840-8780); snail mail (FermiNews , Office of Public Affairs, Mail Station 206, Fermilab, P.O. Box 500,Batavia, IL 60510); hand delivery (Wilson Hall, 1E). The essay submission should include the writer’s name, e-mail address and telephone number.

FermiNews will announce the winners and print the two winning essays in the June 5 issue.

Questions? Call the Fermilab Office of Public Affairs (630-840-3351) or e-mail FermiNews (ferminews@fnal.gov).

FermiNews April 3, 19986

The Birds of FermilabD E N I S K A N I AI L L U S T R A T I O N S B Y

by Sharon Butler, Office of Public AffairsA landscape of high technology and

powerful machines hardly lays a welcomefor wildlife. But Fermilab is different. Its diverse and relatively undisturbedhabitats make the 7,000-acre campus notonly the best bird-watching location inDuPage County but one of the best inthe entire Chicago area. By last count,according to physicist Peter Kasper, theLaboratory’s resident birder, Fermilabclaimed 262 species of birds.

Some are just occasional visitors, likethe peregrine falcon that settled one yearon the upper ledges of Wilson Hall.

Inside on the upper floors, curiousonlookers daily watched as the birdswooped to catch a pigeon in mid-airand then feasted on its prey just outsidethe windows.

Other birds spend their winters here:northern shrikes, juncos and Americantree sparrows. A flock of long-eared owlsmight rush out of the pines. Some ofthese seasonal visitors take us by surprise.Wintering common snipes, for example,were never expected. They prefer marshyareas, where, with their long beaks, theydig deep in the mud for tasty

crustaceans. Usually they fly farthersouth to find their winter homes. But five years ago, snipes showed up at Fermilab, having found that thedrainage ditches of warm water from theIndustrial Building served just as well.

Many species are just passingthrough. In late winter and early spring,the lakes fill with waterfowl of amazingvariety. You might spot a rare snowy-white ross’s goose, for example, or evena tundra swan.

In spring, upland sandpipers cometo nest in Fermilab’s open fields of nicely

Prothonotary Warbler

White-breasted Nuthatch

FermiNews April 3, 1998 7

Blackburnian Warbler Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow

Common Redpoll

mown grasses. The grounds crew iseager to accommodate the birds, keepingout invasive goldenrod and woody plantsthat would destroy their home.

In summer, when waterfowlabandon the lakes, the surroundingcattails and grasslands fill with marshwrens and bobolinks. Songbirds such asthe yellow-breasted chat or the brownthrasher sweeten the scrubby areas withtheir repeated melodies.

Fermilab has permanent residents,too, like the great horned owl and the

red-tailed hawk that have been tradingnests for the last 12 years. The two nestshang like oversized baskets from oaks inthe savanna beside the bison pasture. A poor housekeeper, the owl lets hernest deteriorate and, when it has falleninto disrepair, steals the hawk’s when thebird is out dining on rodents. The hawkdoesn’t seem to mind. She moves backinto the owl’s old nest, and, once again,tidies up.

On occasion, science and birds doget in each other’s way. A couple of

years ago, for example, Kasper found acooper’s hawk nest in a tree beside theroad leading to the construction site forthe Main Injector. Power lines werescheduled for installation, one of themrunning right beside the nest. Butmanagers for the project agreed to alter the schedule; utility crews put inelectrical poles at the other end of theroad first. The changes occurred withoutsetting science back.

Luckily, science and wildlife canusually find a way to coexist. ■

Eastern Screech Owl Ruby-throated Hummingbird

FermiNews April 3, 19988

RunII

“We put them together on ourworkbenches at home,” said Plant,adding that they quickly obtained theneeded components with the new Pro-Card ordering system instituted by the Business Services Section.

Two vendors, each with two crewsof four people, are working under a“quality assurance program”: four weldrepair technicians trained as inspectors inFermilab’s welding shop. Overlay weldsare the main technique; the crown of theoriginal weld is ground off, then twopasses result in a higher-quality weld.

The system’s interior can be cleanedmechanically, with a robotic machineusing flapper wheels and brushes; orchemically, with a solution of 20 percentnitric acid and 3 percent hydrofluoricacid requiring costly disposal methods.

“You can’t just pour that stuff downa sewer,” Martin said, adding that PeterMazur from Technical Division has beeninvestigating the chemical cleaning, andworking with Gale Pewitt on investi-gating the mechanical cleaning, freeingHurh and May to focus on repair work.Mechanical cleaning could leave debris inthe pipe; an outside vendor has quoted$200,000 for the job. May has beenworking on a custom-built system thatcould be substantially less expensive.

The project’s final stage centers on prevention. Ultraviolet sterilizationwill destroy bacterial DNA, preventingbugs from reproducing. “Corrosioncoupons,” pieces of metal containingwelds, will be placed in the water andperiodically inspected for corrosion. Thelast resort: commercial clamps ($40 each),similar to those used for leaks in sub-marines, can be bolted around the pipe.

Martin concedes that the repairshave had a “severe impact,” but heanticipates the welds will be completedin May, and the internal cleanup, inJune. He wants to commission theaccelerator in August, and hopes to havepart of the LCW system holding waternext month.

“We’ll keep the pumps circulating,”Martin said. “This time, we won’t havewater standing around in there.” ■

A robot camera developed by ToddJohnson and Duane Plant is insertedinto the LCW system.

Johnson and Plant view videos from the robot camera.

Repairing one of the 4,000 weldsin the LCW system.

UpDateUpgrade

By Mike Perricone, Office of Public AffairsPatrick Hurh is a mechanical

engineer, not a microbiologist, but he’sbecome a near-expert on three strains ofbacteria named gallionella, sphaerotilus,and clostridium.

“They’re the three main culprits,”said Hurh, who along with fellowengineer Mike May is coordinatingrepairs to the Main Injector’s LowConductivity Water system.

The “bugs” spawned in well waterleft standing for as long as six months in some sections of the stainless steelLCW pipe. The bacteria formed noduleslodging in cracks in the “tack welds,”which had held the curved pipe sectionstemporarily in place for the permanentwelds.

The nodules (dubbed “bug houses”)produced a high concentration of acid; a high galvanic potential; corrosion; and some 200 leaks, discovered inNovember, 1997.

Hurh calls the resulting $800,000repair project “a three-ring circus.” But installation and commissioningmanager Phil Martin believes he canhold to his original goal of introducingbeam in the Main Injector before Sept.15, 1998, within a year of the Tevatronshutdown.

“I think that’s quite an achievabletask unless we have additional setbacks,”Martin said.

Hurh, May and their crew compileda database on every repair for every weld.Although only 200 leaks appeared,Fermilab must repair all the welds in the affected areas. Bob Ducar and ConsGattuso placed a number on each weld with felt-tipped markers, keyed tovideotapes of all 2,200 weld sites in thepipe’s interior—and 300 welds in each of the six service buildings above.

How do you videotape the interiorof thousands of feet of six-inch pipe—in full color? Duane Plant and ToddJohnson created a robot camera using aparabolic mirror, gimbal-mounted lens,full-color CCD (Charge-CoupledDevice) chip, and tiny LEDs (lightemitting diodes) using only 20 milliampsof current.

Lab 3, Bugs 0:Repair Crews Winning the Battle of LCW

2000

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9FermiNews April 3, 1998

by Sharon Butler, Office of Public AffairsAs Dave Johnson, of the Main

Injector Department, figures it, the 16 Lambertson magnets now stored and ready for installation are keycomponents of the new Main Injectorand the upgraded Tevatron. Without theLambertsons, you couldn’t get beam out of the one and into the other.

In March, technicians finished thelast of the 16 magnets. But designing,prototyping and building theLambertsons was no simple task. The project spanned four years, with20,000 man-hours in production.

The Lambertsons “extract” beamfrom the orbit of circulating protons orantiprotons in the Main Injector,whether to send protons on to theNeutrinos at the Main Injectorexperiment, abort the operation, orforward particles to the Tevatron. TheLambertsons also “inject” beam into theTevatron, a process Johnson likens tomerging onto the Kennedy Expressway.When injecting beam into the Tevatron,the magnets have to bend the risingbeam down and align it vertically withthe circulating beam; when extractingbeam from the Main Injector, they haveto do the opposite, deflecting protonsaway from the circulating beam’s path.Either way, steering is everything.

For both tasks, Johnson and hiscolleagues opted for a single design. Theresult was a 10-foot-long silver-paintedmagnet weighing the equivalent of twoelephants. The magnet carries two beamsat once, the circulating beam and thebeam that is being injected or extracted.

The trick is to have two apertures,one that is free of any magnetic field (forthe circulating beam) and one that isnot. The apertures are separated with a“septum” that insulates one hole fromthe other. Beyond or before theLambertson, a pulsed magnet “kicks”the incoming or outgoing beam over the septum to merge with or divergefrom the circulating beam.

The Lamberston magnet septumwas conceived (and patented) by

Dr. Glenn Lamberston of LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory in themid-sixties, and was first used here atFermilab. The new Lambertsons have asymmetrical design, the brainchild ofMike May, in the Mechanical SupportGroup. There is a two-part central core,encased in a vacuum jacket, consisting ofa horizontal row of about 3,000 thinsteel plates, called laminations. They arepressed together and “tied” with steelbars. Outside is a steel outer core, also intwo facing sets of laminations, whichreturns the magnetic flux.

Since the inner core sits inside the vacuum pipe, it is susceptible tocontamination, and handling requiredthe use of white gloves.

“If the grease from the mayonnaiseon your ham sandwich gets onto thelaminations, it could take days to pumpthe system out and get a good vacuum,”Johnson said.

The Lambertsons Are Done

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The staff involved in the magnet’sdesign and development had to considermany variables, from the shape of thelaminations and the hole for thecirculating beam, to the kind of steel andthe structural forces on the componentsduring construction—the last of thesethe headache of Nelson Chester, in theTechnical Division.

With a three-dimensional magneticmodel, François Ostiguy, of the BeamsDivision, helped devise a solution to thetroublesome magnetic end fields, whichcould interfere with the circulatingbeam. The solution: magnetic mirrorplates.

Finally, Linda Alsip, the buyer forthe project, kept track of the hundreds of parts, orders and drawings required toassemble the magnets until, finally, thelast of the gleaming new Lambertsonsstood waiting on the production floorfor the opening of Run II. ■

Dave Johnson, of the Beams Division, and Nelson Chester, of the Technical Division,install the seal on the end vacuum flange of a Lambertson magnet.

10 FermiNews April 3, 1998

DuPage Consultant Presents Road Study

By Judy Jackson, Office of Public AffairsAfter presenting the results of a preliminary

study last month, officials of HNTB, a Chicagoarchitecture and engineering firm retained byDuPage County, said they hoped to report tothe County that the study had “substantiallyaddressed” Fermilab and Department of Energyconcerns about a proposed county highwaythrough the Laboratory. However, DOE andFermilab officials said they could not offer suchassurances on the basis of the study.

HNTB engineer Chris Rops summarizedthe five-month study at what Rops described asa “workshop” at the Laboratory on March 13.DuPage County officials did not attend themeeting.

Spreading a plan of the Fermilab area onthe floor, Rops showed two routes the firm had

But Fermilab and DOE say they need to know more before going forward.

studied for a north-south road that DuPageCounty has proposed for consideration. Oneroute paralleled Kirk Road on the west side ofthe Laboratory; the other hugged the site’seastern boundary, curving west to meet EolaRoad north of the site’s southern edge.

Rops said the study had not examined theoption of widening the existing Kirk Road as an alternative north-south route.

After Fermilab and DOE officials raisedquestions about the west-side route, attentionfocused on the eastern proposal. The proposedroute curved to skirt a pond but otherwise cut astraight path just west of the CommonwealthEdison power lines of the Laboratory’s easternborder with Warrenville.

Rops explained that the current study waspreliminary to a far more extensive andexpensive Phase One study that would berequired if DuPage County officials decided toproceed with a north-south road proposal.Before undertaking the expense of a Phase Onestudy, Rops said, the County sought assurancesfrom DOE and Fermilab that the study’seastern route would be “something thelaboratory could live with.”

However, DOE’s Richard Stenzel saidDOE and Fermilab would require far moreinformation including the results of a federalEnvironmental Impact Study before agreeing toany potential route.

Fermilab Associate Director GeorgeRobertson concurred.

“Building a road through Fermilab wouldconstitute a major federal action,” Robertsonsaid. “It would require an EIS, which mustaddress the alternatives, including no action andimproving existing routes.”

Laboratory officials also underlined theircommitment to seek community views beforemaking any decisions about a proposed road.

“A road through Fermilab would affect notonly the Laboratory but many other citizens ofKane and DuPage Counties,” said AssociateDirector Bruce Chrisman.

Laboratory officials added that seeking outand considering community views would play asignificant part in the decision whether to allowa road through Fermilab.

Robertson noted the recommendations forfuture particle accelerators in the just-releasedreport, “Planning for the Future of U.S. HighEnergy Physics,” by the Gilman Subpanel of theHigh Energy Physics Advisory Panel.

“Two of the three possible future U.S.accelerators are under active study at Fermilab,”Robertson said. “We need to be very carefulthat no one builds a road that would preventFermilab from responding to the future needsof the U.S. high-energy physics program.” ■

Fermilab boundary

Proposed road

HNTB engineers showedtwo possible routes for anorth-south road thatDuPage County hasproposed building through Fermilab.

Lunch served from11:30 a.m. to 1 p.m.

$8/personDinner served at 7 p.m.

$20/person

For reservations, call x4512Cakes for Special Occasions

Dietary RestrictionsContact Tita, x3524

-LunchWednesday

April 8Salmon with Tomato,

Pepper and Caper SaucePasta with Spring Vegetables

Almond Cake

DinnerThursdayApril 9

Artichoke Soup with Hazelnut ButterVeal Scalloppini with

Mushrooms and PeppersTomato Basil Pasta

Lemon Souffléwith Lemon-Apricot Sauce

LunchWednesdayApril 15Marinated and

Grilled Pork LoinCoconut Rice

Grilled Sesame ScallionsCold Lime Mousse

DinnerThursdayApril 16

Roasted Red Pepper and Herb Goat Cheese Lasagna

Lamb Brochette with North African Spices

Rice PilafVegetable of the SeasonFruit Filled Cream Puffswith Rum Caramel Sauce

-

-

-

-

FermiNews April 3, 1998 11

APRIL 4Fermilab Art Series presents: The Makoche Tour,$17. Performance begins at 8 p.m. in RamseyAuditorium, Wilson Hall. For reservations or more information, call 840-ARTS.

APRIL 10Fermilab International Flm Society presents: Shall We Dance? (Shall We Dansu?), Dir: MasayukiSuo, Japan (1996). Admission $4, in RamseyAuditorium, Wilson Hall, at 8 p.m.

APRIL 12Easter barn dance at the Village Barn from 7–10p.m. Live music by Fred, Mitch, & Co., with callingby Tony Scarimbolo. The dances are contras,squares, and circle dances. All dances are taught, &people of all ages & experience levels are welcome.You don’t need to come with a partner. Admission is$5. Children under 12 are free. Sponsored by theFermilab Folk Club. For more information, contactLynn Garren, x2061 or Dave Harding, x2971.

APRIL 17NALWO pot luck dinner at Kuhn Barn. Drinks &appetizers at 6:00 p.m. Dinner begins at 6:30 sharp.Everybody is asked to bring either a main dishserving 6-8 people, a dessert for 12 or contribute $3.We will have soft drinks for everybody, pizza for thekids and wine for adults. Babysitting is also provided.For further questions, call Angela Jöstlein (630) 355-8279.

APRIL 19Afternoon barn dance at the Village Barn from 2–5p.m. Live music by Pearly Gap, with calling by TomSenior. The dances are contras, squares, & circledances. All dances are taught, & people of all ages &experience levels are welcome. You don’t need tocome with a partner. Admission is $5. Childrenunder 12 are free. Sponsored by the Fermilab FolkClub. For more information, contact Lynn Garren,x2061 or Dave Harding, x2971.

ONGOINGNALWO coffee mornings, Thursdays, 10 a.m. in the Users’ Center, call Selitha Raja, (630) 305–7769.In the Village Barn, international folk dancing,Thursdays, 7:30–10 p.m., call Mady, (630) 584–0825; Scottish country dancingTuesdays, 7–9:30 p.m., call Doug, x8194.

Conversational English classes, 9–11:30 a.m.,Thursdays, in the Users’ Center.

CALENDAR

Userscontinued from page 3

Because many graduate students spend months,even years, at Fermilab, the Laboratory andexperiments try to recreate some aspects ofuniversity life. “The University of DZero,” a Thursday night pizza-and-lecture series forDZero grad students, has recently broadenedits scope to become “Tevatron University,” and it now includes students from otherexperiments. Can “Property of TevatronUniversity Athletic Department” t-shirts be far behind? A bi-weekly film series and a newsoccer field offer cultural and recreationalopportunities.

Still, users say, not everything is perfect atthe energy frontier. Johns Hopkins’ Gerdesfinds Fermilab’s ever-changing schedule ofaccelerator operation troubling. (The term“Fermilab schedule” is an oxymoron, runs an old joke.)

“I’d like an operating schedule I cantrust,” Gerdes said. “I think very often usersdon’t understand what goes into making theFermilab operating schedule, and it can befrustrating.”

Graduate student Arnold Pompos, a Czechnative from Purdue University, sees a need as well, for more opportunities for studentinteraction at the Laboratory. Pompos wouldalso like some mountains nearby, to providerelief from Fermilab’s prairie flatness and keephim from getting homesick for his nativeCzechoslovakia. The weather, most users said,could be better in Batavia. And if Berkeley’sKim could change just one thing aboutFermilab, she says, “I’d make it closer toCalifornia.”

Still, most Fermilab users say, theywouldn’t want to be carrying out their research anywhere else. Karen Byrum is aparticle physicist at Argonne NationalLaboratory and a CDF collaborator.

“I want a facility where I can do highenergy physics,” Byrum said. “At this time,Fermilab is the place to be.” ■

David Gerdes, chairman of the Users ExecutiveCommittee, would like “a schedule I can trust.”

FOR SALE■ Nordic Track exercise ski machine, hardly everused, $450 obo; skis, Atomic Arc 195, Salomon 547sport bindings, size 12 US or 13 EU Trappeur 2000boots, also have poles, ski & boot bag, $200 obo.Contact Terry, x4572 or skweres@fnal.gov.

■ Five VW Aluminum Rims & Tires. GTi, GL stylerims in excellent shape with center caps. Michelintires (185/60R14 82H) mounted & balanced withgood tread. One of the tires is brand new. $500 forfive; Women’s down jacket, like new, blue, x-large,$40. Call (630) 243-1125.

■ Celebrate the third anniversary (!) of thepublication announcing the TOP QUARKDiscovery by DZero at Fermilab: Order acommemorative T-Shirt, from the “Run II” reprintof an original “Run I” discovery design (based onreal data taken by real crazy people). No upgradedeemed necessary, still comes in q-qbar primarycolors on white cotton; “flashy”, not “trashy”!Budget for future runs highly uncertain, so Discover the Matter for yourself on the web athttp://d0sgi0.fnal.gov/~tartagli/TShirt.html.Order from there before April 15, for a kindergentler collaboration.

WANTED■ Golfers (male or female) for the Tuesday NightHughes Creek League.There’s room for a complete4 person team plus openings as regulars or subs onexisting teams. Competition starts April 28. ContactDon Arnold, x2871 (arnold@fnts37.fnal.gov) or Bob Andree x3703 (andree@fnts37.fnal.gov). Don’t delay, act today!

Published by the Fermilab Office of Public AffairsMS 206 P.O. Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510630-840-3351ferminews@ fnal.gov

Fermilab is operated by Universities Research Association, Inc.,under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy.

✩ U.S. GOVERNMENTPRINTING OFFICE: 1998--646-054/80013

50% TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER

10% POST-CONSUMER FIBER

FermiNews April 3, 199812

C L A S S I F I E D S

The deadline for the Friday, April 17, 1998, issue of FermiNews is Tuesday, April 7.

Please send your articlesubmissions, classifiedadvertisements and ideasto the Public AffairsOffice, MS 206 or e-mail ferminews@fnal.gov.

FermiNews welcomes letters from readers. Please include yourname and daytimephone number.

M I L E S T O N E SAWARDThe Fermilab Library was awarded a $20,119 grantunder the Digitizing Illinois Collections category ofthe Illinois State Library’s Educate and Automatecompetitive grant program. The funds will be usedto make pre-1995 Fermilab reports available on theWeb in full text.

DIEDGerald DesJardin, formerly of the TechnicalSupport/Magnet Production on March 14. Sally Smith on March 15. Michael Oros, BusinessService/FM/FO on March 17.

In reading the interesting article entitled “What is Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Anyway?”published in FermiNews (January 23, 1998), I was rather taken aback concerning two points:

—It is rather shocking that after the recent award(in August of last year) of the European PhysicalSociety to Robert Brout, François Englert andPeter Higgs for their independent but essentiallysimultaneous discovery of the generation of themassy gauge vector mesons through spontaneousbroken symmetry (usually called Higgsmechanism), there was no reference to the work of R. Brout and F. Englert. In point of fact, a consultation of the dates when these articles weresubmitted for publication shows that the work ofBrout and Englert preceded the one of Higgs by a few weeks.

—The emphasis on the existence of a massy scalarparticle (often called the Higgs) is somewhatexaggerated. In their acceptance speeches of theE.P.S. award, Brout and Englert tried to put thisproblem into proper prospective. Suffice it here tosay that the upshot is:

1. When there is spontaneous broken symmetrythere is always a massy scalar mode, be it in thecontext of gauge theory or not.

2. This massy mode may come about because ofthe existence of an elementary scalar field or bya dynamical mechanism (such as in the NambuJona-Lasinio theory).

In either case, the massy mode will present itself asa resonance. Whether or not its width is narrowenough for it not to be swamped in the continuumis a question concerning the parameters of thetheory. Thus the interest of the experiment is toobtain some information on these parameters...in the event that the resonance is found. But in no way are all fundamental ideas concerning theStandard Model contingent on its observability.

Yours sincerely,

Philippe SpindelUniversite De Mons-Hainaut, Belgium

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

LAB NOTESFermilab Golf LeaguesIts almost spring and time to think about Golf!Come join us for some fresh air, exercise and meetnew friends. Play begins in April and there areopenings in all four leagues, for information call the following:

Fox Valley - Tuesdays - April 7Michelle Gleason, x3211 or michelle@fnal.govGary Golinski, x4055 or golinski@fnal.gov

Hughes Creek- Tuesdays - April 28Don Arnold, x2871 or arnold@fnal.govBob Andree, x3703 or andree@fnal.gov

Fox Valley - Wednesdays - April 8Terry O’Brien, x4851 or obrien@fnal.govMike May, x4948 or mikemay@fnal.gov

St. Andrews - Wednesdays - April 22Pat Liston, x2332 or pml@fnal.gov

Sign up fees due April 1 to the league officers yousigned up with.