1. Ace- a difficult serve that opponents were not able receive.

2. Dig- refers to a good save on defense after a spike by the offensive team.

3. Kill- a successful spike that results in a point or “side-out”.

4. Side-out- a point earned by the team receiving the serve, either through a violation, an error, or a kill.

5. Checked ball- refers to a ball that was touched last by the defense coming from a spike before it goes out of the court.

VolleyballFundamental Skills and Techniques.

The most fundamental skill to be learned is the ability to pass the ball to a teammate, which is required on almost all plays. A forearm pass should be used to receive serves, low balls, and spikes. The forearm pass is used to recover the opponents’ attack called a “dig.” A set is a high pass that is generally the second play by a team to relay the ball for the spiker. A spike is a ball hit forcibly from a height above the net. A kill is a spike that is impossible to return. Blocking is a defensive play that attempts to stop the returning of the ball over the net.

SKILLS IN VOLLEYBALL SERVE This is what always starts the game and helps to

keep the game.a. Underhand Service- This is mostly done by beginners because it is easier to do and it does not require too much power, unlike the overhead serve.b. Overhead Serve- This is also known as spike serve and it is done by players with good strength and coordination.

PASS or RECEPTION- This is a way of receiving the ball and setting for offensive attack.a. Underhand Pass- This pass is the best option in receiving a serve or spike.b. Overhead Pass- This is also known as toss. This is usually done by the setter as preparation for an offensive attack, usually a like spike.

SPIKE – This is done by striking the ball with great force in a downward direction into the opponent’s court . The mechanics of a spike are grouped into three phases: approach, take off and arm movements.

PLAYER POSITION

Right Wing Hitter- often attacks balls which are set to the right side of the court.

Left Wing Hitter- often attacks ball which are set to the left side of the court.

Attacker- main offensive player who does most of the spikes from sets. This player usually also has blocking skillsuniform than his teammates.

PLAYER POSITIONSetter- is the team’s playmaker. This player sets the

attacker on plays.Middle blocker- also known as the center or middle

hitter. This player is primarily responsible for stopping spikes from the opponent’s attacker and hitter.

Libero- this player is primarily responsible in receiving serves and spikes therefore must have exceptional passing skills. The libero can only play in the back court and is not allowed to serve the ball. This player can also enter and leave the court anytime without a request for substitution and is the only player who wears a different-colored uniform than his teammates.

Players in the Team:Team has 6 players on the court.3 players are

front row players and 3 of them are back row players. Libero has a different color jerseyand is only allowed to play in the back row.

Team is allowed to use a libero player (back row player, defensive specialist) who wears different color shirt.

Volleyball Equipment & Facilities

Volleyball Court DimensionsThe Volleyball court is 60 feet by 30 feet in total. The

net in placed in the center of the court, making each side of the net 30 feet by 30 feet.

Center LineA center line is marked at the center of the court

dividing it equally into 30 feet squares, above which the net is placed.

Attack LineAn attack line is marked 10 feet of each side of the

center line.Service LineA service line, the area from which the server may

serve the volleyball, is marked 10 feet inside the right sideline on each back line.

The NetThe net is placed directly above the

center line, 7 feet 4 inches above the ground for women and 8 feet above the ground for men.

PolesVolleyball poles should be set at 36

feet apart, 3 feet further out from the sidelines.

Ceiling HeightThe minimum ceiling height should be

23 feet, though they should preferably be higher.

ContactsEach team is allowed to have maximum of

three touches before hitting the ball over the net. (EXCEPTION: block does not count as a touch)

Same player can not hit the ball twice in a row (EXCEPTION I: block doesn’t count a touch.)

Back Row Attack:Back row players can not attack the ball front

row. If they attack, they have to perform the jump behind the attack line (10 feet line, 3 meter line).

IMPORTANT! The ball has to be completely above the net for it to be an illegal attack

Antennas:It is ALLOWED to play the ball off the net. It

is a fault, if the ball contacts net outside antennas.

The ball has to travel between the antennas (or the imagined extensions of them) when flying to the other side of the net.

In or Out?Referee calls the ball “IN”, if any part of it hits the lines. (Imagine the ball is painted. If the ball left a mark that touches the lines, the ball is judged IN)

Referee calls the ball in if any partof it hits the lines.

Ball is ruled OUT, ifthe ball lands outside the boundary lines (without touching the opponent)

The ball hits the antenna any of the net or cables outside the antennas, a referee stand or poles or the ceiling

Contacting the Ball:Players are NOT allowed to catch, hold or throw the ball.Players are NOT allowed to hit or block the opponents

serve.Attacking ball which is coming over the net is ILLEGAL, if

it has NOT broken the plane of the net.

In other words the player is ALLOWED to swing the ball when it breaks the plane of the net.

Let Serve: Let serve is allowed. In other words the ball can touch the net on the serve. Players CAN double hit the ball when digging it. Kicking is allowed.

Points: A point is followed after each serve. (Earlier you had a chance to get a point only after your own serve).

Libero: One of the back row players can be substituted to a libero who is a back row specialist with unlimited subs. The libero can enter and exit the game between each serve without coach requesting a sub.

Serve: Server is allowed to serve the ball any place behind the backline. (Earlier there was a serving area in the corner of the court)

Contacting the Ball: Players are ALLOWED to double hit the ball on the first contact, for example when they 1) serve receive, or 2) dig the ball

(Since this rule change passing overhead has become commonly used method to pass the ball. Earlier it was often called a false hit, double hit)

Kicking: It is LEGAL to hit the ball with any part of the body, the foot and leg included. (Earlier it was a mistake to kick the ball.)

Rules ViolationsThe back row player performs the attack front row.

(It is ILLEGAL for the back row player to step on the attack line when hitting.)

The back row player blocks the ball (the player having any part of the body above the net and touching the ball)  This referee just called a touch on the block or defender.

The player double contacts the ball when setting the ball (you CAN NOT double hit the ball when setting itlayer touches the net while the ball is in the play

(EXCEPTION: if the ball is hit the net and it pushes the net to the opposing player)

Stepping on the back line when serving the ball.Reaching over the net to block the ball is ALLOWED,

if the other side as used all the three touches. It is a FALSE, if opposing team has not used all the touches (and there is somebody trying to make a play there.)