Volkswagen Group of America EEO - Diesel … 08, 2011 · • VW Group Strategy ... • Volkswagen...
Transcript of Volkswagen Group of America EEO - Diesel … 08, 2011 · • VW Group Strategy ... • Volkswagen...
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Volkswagen Group of America ‐ EEO DTF Congressional Briefing – Reducing Petroleum Use With DieselClean Diesel Technology and Diesel Fuel Overview
July 8 2011July 8, 2011
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewAgenda
• Introduction to Clean Diesel Engine Technology• Introduction to Clean Diesel Engine Technology• Current Products
• Four Cylinder Products• Six Cylinder Products
• Future Product Plans• Looking Forward – Industry Challenges
• Criteria Emissions• GHGGHG• Energy Issues
• VW Group Strategy• Combustion Engines
Di l E i i D il F P i l f Cl Di l• Diesel Engine in Detail – Future Potential of Clean Diesel• Biofuels for Diesel Engines• Diesel Biofuel Future Potential
• Summary
2VWGoA - EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing
Summary
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewFirst 25 Years of Diesel Development at the Volkswagen Group
3VWGoA – EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIntroduction
• Volkswagen Group clean diesel technology• “Clean Diesel” means• Clean Diesel means
• Hydrocarbon (HC) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) oxidation catalyst• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) reduction catalyst• Particulate Matter (PM) filter
• Complies in 50 states – meets California and Federal emission regulations• ULEV II California compliant• Federal Tier 2, Bin 5 compliantFederal Tier 2, Bin 5 compliant
• Engine technology is very sophisticated • Four valves per cylinder, double overhead camshafts• High and low pressure EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)
EGR li• EGR cooling• Cylinder pressure sensors• Common rail fuel injection with 30,000 psi pressure
• Multiple injection events, including post injection
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p j , g p j• Post injection necessary for emission control systems
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview
• Volkswagen Jetta
Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Products – Four Cylinder
• Launched summer of 2008 – first VW Group clean diesel• Over 100,000 diesel Jettas sold through 2010
• Engine specifications:• 2 0 L four cylinder• 2.0 L four cylinder • 140 HP @ 4000 rpm• 236 Ft-Lb of torque at 1750 rpm• EPA fuel economy label values of 30 city/42 highway
• This same engine is now offered in the VW Golf and the Audi A3• Current sales mix
• Jetta sedan: 25 % Diesel• Jetta Sportwagen: 80% dieselJetta Sportwagen: 80% diesel• VW Golf: 50% Diesel• Audi A3: 53% Diesel
• This engine will also be introduced in the new Passat built in Ch tt i l t thi
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Chattanooga – coming later this year
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Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product - Golf
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Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product – Audi A3
7VWGoA - EEOJuly 8, 2011 – DFT Congress Briefing
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product• VW Touareg and Audi Q7
L h d i th i f 2009• Launched in the spring of 2009• Instantly took a large percentage of sales vs. gasoline vehicles
• Engine specifications:• 3.0 L V-6• 225 HP @ 3750 RPM• 406 Ft-Lb of torque @ 1750 rpm• EPA fuel economy label values of 18 city/25 highway
• Current sales mix• Current sales mix• VW Touareg: 50%• Audi Q7: 43%
• Audi originally planned for 18-20% diesel penetration in both the A3 and Q7 - acceptance better than expected
• Next generation V-6 engine under development for Q5, A6, A8
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Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product – Audi Q7
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Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Dieseland Diesel Fuel OverviewVW Group Product - Touareg
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIndustry Challenges
Energy
Greenhouse Gases
Energy
CO2
20352000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Exhaust Emissions CO, NOX, HC, PM
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewMobility Industry Challenges – Criteria Emissions
• Agencies (EPA, CARB) expected to significantly lower emission standards• California: LEV III
• SULEV (Tier 2, Bin 2) fleet average• Reduces HC, CO NOx, PM levels• Zero evaporative emissions• Lower full useful life off-cycle standards (SFTP)
• EPA expected to set a similar regulation• Tier 3
• Future advanced combustion engines expect to comply• Both diesel and gasoline concepts
• LEV III, Tier 3 could be the last set of traditional emission standards
f f f• Future regulatory focus has shifted away from criteria pollutants towards energy issues (policy, security, climate change)
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Cl Di l d Di l F l O iClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewMobility Industry Challenges – Potential GHG CO2 Targets
240280320
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160200
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- 6% per year
4080
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GHG 1 GHG 2
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2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040MY
New Cars with 0 g/mile CO2
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewIndustry Challenges – Example of VW Group Strategy
H d
Electricitytraction
Electro‐
Hydrogen
(Regenerative)Fuel CellRenewable
SynFuel Hybrid
CCS®SunFuel®
Natural Gas
Oil
SynFuel
TDI®/TSI®
DSG®
Hybrid
Diesel Fuel
Natural Gas
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Gasoline DSG
July 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview Focus on Efficiency/GHG – Engine/Fuel Technology • Advanced combustion concepts will focus on efficiency
• Significant CO2 reductions are still possible• Diesel and GDI (Gasoline Direct Injection)
• Downsized displacement• Fewer cylinders• Optimized charging• Reduced friction• Improved fuel Injection• Variable valve timing• Variable valve lift
• Low carbon fuels will also play an important role• Liquid fuels make the most sense for a light-duty vehicle
• Energy density, rangef• Increased use of ethanol and biodiesel is certain
• B20 for diesel• 2nd Generation Diesel?• E10+ for gasoline
E85 G th?
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• E85 Growth?
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewDiesel Developments in Detail
• The diesel engine currently has • A 30% advantage in fuel economy over gasoline engines• A 20% advantage in CO2 reduction over gasoline engines
• From the VW perspective this advantage will continue• From the emissions standpoint diesel aftertreatment continues to develop
• Improved conversion efficiency – SULEV diesel possible• Improved durability• Lower cost• Reduced CO2 penalty
• From an efficiency standpoint the diesel is also improving• 2200 bar (33,000 psi), multi-hole injectors• Up to 7 discrete injection events per combustion cycle (rate shaping)• Sophisticated high and low pressure EGR systems
( )• In cylinder pressure sensors (reduced cylinder to cylinder variations)• VVT and VVL added to diesels (currently more popular in gasoline engines)
• From a fuels standpoint deposit control, tighter quality specifications critical• Deposits have a big effect on injector performance, spray pattern
Ti ht t l h l lib ti h t d it
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• Tighter tolerances helps calibration, such as cetane, density
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewClean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewRenewable Diesel Fuel Perspective – An Excellent Biofuel Platform
• Three major biodiesel types: FAME, HVO, BTL• FAME: First generation (SME, RME)FAME: First generation (SME, RME)
• VW Group approves B5 methyl ester biodiesel in clean diesel products• Primary issue for higher blend is crankcase oil dilution due to post injection
• Higher boiling range of FAME results in biodiesel collecting in engine oil – this could result in engine failureoil this could result in engine failure
• The same issue exists in Europe – B10 testing showed concern• B7 RME compromise recently reached for diesels with aftertreatment
• Secondary issues are shelf life, oxidation and fuel quality concerns• BTL, HVO do not have these concernsBTL, HVO do not have these concerns
• Lower boiling range similar to petroleum diesel characteristics• No issues with higher level blends
• Future steps:• FAME: VW Group investigating B20 FAME for the US marketFAME: VW Group investigating B20 FAME for the US market
• Higher level blends may be possible through application changes• Potential to lower dilution resulting from post injection• Potential to improve other FAME properties• Quality of FAME biodiesel is improving
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Qua ty o b od ese s p o g• HVO, BTL: No issues accepting these fuels – HVO use increasing in Europe
• BTL is an excellent fuel: 0 sulfur, 0 aromatics, 70 cetane
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Electricitytraction
Electro-
Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Overview
OilGasoline
SynFuel
Hydrogen
TDI®/TSI®DSG®
Hybrid
CCS®SunFuel®
Diesel Fuel
(Regenerative)Fuel CellRenewable
Natural Gas
Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel OverviewAlternative Fuels
Volkswagen Focus
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Electro-
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OilGasoline
SynFuel
Hydrogen
TDI®/TSI®DSG®
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CCS®SunFuel®
Diesel Fuel
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Natural Gas
Clean Diesel and Diesel FuelSynergies in New Combustion Process CCS®
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High Pressure Injection High Pressure Injection
Direct Injection
Charging
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Swirl Chamber Port Injection
July 8, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing.
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Clean Diesel and Diesel FuelClean Diesel and Diesel FuelFuture Combustion Engine Potential
• Convergence of diesel and gasoline technology provides interesting opportunity “C bi d” i i i ffi i ith l i t i i• “Combined” engine may maximize efficiency with low engine out emissions
• VW Group examining both diesel and gasoline as base fuel• Also including BTL and cellulosic ethanol as candidate fuels
• Current conclusion is that a new fuel is neededN th ibl f l• Naptha a possible fuel
• Research work continues on CCS
• Current focusSt i hi t i li ith th l bl d• Stoichiometric gasoline with ethanol blends
• Lean burn diesel with biodiesel blends• FAME at higher blend levels than B5
• Properties and quality are improvingHVO l d d bl di f l• HVO also a recommended blending fuel
• Favorable characteristics• Can be immediately used at higher blend levels
• BTL is still considered in the longer termE ll t f l ti
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• Excellent fuel properties• No issues with blend levels
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Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel Strategy
Fuel cell
Clean Diesel and Diesel Fuel StrategyCurrent Volkswagen Powertrain and Fuel Strategy
Hydrogen(regenerative)
Electricdrive
Renewable Electricity
(regenerative)
Cellulose-Ethanol
SunFuel®
natural gas
Ethanol
SynFuelCNG
Hybrid
Gasolinepetroleum
TDI/TSI/DSGDiesel
21VWGoA – EEOJuly 8,, 2011 – DTF Congress Briefing