Volcanoes Vocabulary that you are accountable for is underlined!
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Transcript of Volcanoes Vocabulary that you are accountable for is underlined!
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VolcanoesVocabulary that you are
accountable for is underlined!
Eruption in Indonesia 1/8/2014
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Hot Spots- area of high temp. lava- made Hawaii
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View From Space - Klyuchevskaya, Russia
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Magma – molten rock beneath the surface
Lava – molten rock on the surface
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Types of Volcanoes Composite Cone
or
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It’s a composite volcano.
It’s made up of different layers of lava and ash.
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A Cinder Cone:
Wizard Island at
Crater Lake, Oregon
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Icelandic Volcanoes
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Eyjafjallajokull
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Tuff Ring: Diamond Head, Hawaii
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Shield Volcano: Mauna Loa, Hawaii
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Stratovolcano or Composite Cone: Mount Shasta, California
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Shastina and Landslide Deposit
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Products of Eruptions
Lava Flows • Pyroclastic
Debris • Bombs • Lapilli • Ash • Mudflows• Landslides
Gases
• Steam
• Carbon Dioxide
• H2S
• SO2
• HCl
• HF
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Environmental Hazards of Volcanoes
Pollution
• SO2, HCl in Water
Lava Flows
Falling Ejecta
Ash Falls
• Building Collapse • Crop Destruction
Mudflows • Direct Damage (Colombia,
1985) • Floods (Several Types)
Blast (Mt. St. Helens, 1980)
Pyroclastic Flow (St. Pierre, 1902)
Gas (Lake Nyos, Cameroon, 1986)
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Pyroclastic Flow or Nuee- Ardente (French: Fiery Cloud)
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How Calderas Form:
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Crater Lake, Oregon
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Colorado Volcanoes ?– La Garita
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Evolution of VolcanoesAn active volcanic landscape
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Evolution of VolcanoesA volcanic landscape after a million years or so
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Mount Hood is a stratovolcano in the Cascades of northern Oregon
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The caldera at Crater Lake National Park cuts through the flanks of the former Mount
Mazama (composite cone)
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Layers of tephra on Usu (stratovolcano) in Japan. The crater by the volcanologists was formed in
1977-1978.
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Eruption of Galunggung (stratovolcano) in
Indonesia.
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1980 eruption of Mt. Saint Helens produced 0.1 cubic miles (0.5 cubic km) of ash.
Stratovolcanoes are
associated with
subduction zones, areas
where dense oceanic
plates are pushed
beneath more buoyant
continental plates.
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The cinder cone in the above photo is Puu
Lilinue on Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
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Cinder cones are produced by "fire fountains," low-energy eruptions that propel
fragments of lava 100s of feet into the air.
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A volcanic dome is a steep-sided, rounded extrusion of highly viscous lava squeezed out from a volcano to form a dome-
shaped, or bulbous, mass of lava above and around the volcanic vent
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During the 1989-1990 eruption of Redpubt volcano (Alaska) several lava domes grew
and collapsed near the summit of the volcano.
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Flood Basalts
• The Columbia River basalts cover parts of the states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho and are a famous example of flood basalts that produced a lava plain.
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Lava• Eruptions under water or
ice produce pillow lava (become pillow basalt)
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Coastal Flows
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"Pahoehoe" and "aa" are Hawaiian words used
to describe the type of lava volcanoes have
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Aa Flow
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Pahoehoe
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Lava Tubes