Volcanoes SEM1 CS 2012
Transcript of Volcanoes SEM1 CS 2012
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B Y B O O N A N D D E N Z E L
Volcanic Eruptions
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Def inition of Volcanoes
y A volcano is an opening, in a planet's surf ace or crust, which allows hot magma, volcanic ash and gases to escape f rom below the surf ace. Volcanoes are generally f ound
where tectonic plates are div erging or conv erging.
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Def inition of Volcanic Eruption
y The sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material.
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During Volcanic Eruptions
y During a volcanic eruption, lava, tephra, volcanic bombsand various gases are expelled f rom a volcanic v ent orf issure. Se v eral types of volcanic eruptions hav e beendistinguished by volcanologists. These are of ten namedaf ter f amous volcanoes where that type of behavior has
been observ ed. Some volcanoes may exhibit only one characteristic type of eruption during a period of activity,
while others may display an entire sequence of types all in
one eruptiv e series.
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Common Classif ication of Volcano
y A CTIVE
y EXTINCT
y DORM ANT
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Activ e
y Activ e Volcanoes is a volcano that is erupting or isexpected to do so in the near f uture.
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Extinct
y Extinct volcanoes are those that scientists considerunlik ely to erupt again, because the volcano nolonger has a lava supply .
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Dormant
y It is diff icult to distinguish an extinct volcano f rom adormant one. Volcanoes are of ten considered to be extinct if there are no written records of its activity .
Ne v ertheless, volcanoes may remain dormant f or along period of time.
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Cross-section through a stratovolcano :
1.Large magma chamber 2.Bedrock 3.Conduit (pipe) 4.Base 5.Sill 6.Dik e 7.Lay ersof ash emitted by the volcano 8.Flank 9.Lay ers of lava emitted by the volcano10.Throat 11.Parasitic cone 12.Lava f low 13. V ent 14.Crater 15. Ash cloud
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Benef its of Volcanoes
y It provide resources f or energy extraction(Geothermal Resources)
y The ash contains many usef ul minerals
(Fertile Soil)y It produce v ery spectacular scenery
(Attract tourist)
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Harm of Volcanoes
y Earthquak es and Tsunami that created may destroy island
y Unstoppable Lava can create f ire to e v erything in
their pathy Mudf low with consistency of cement can destroy e v erything in their path
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Mount V esuvius
Mount Vesuvius:
The eruption of 79 A D destroy ed the city of Pompeii and
Herculaneum. It is the only volcano on the European
mainland to hav e erupted within the last hundred y ears. Nomuch inf ormation available since it¶s a v ery old eruption.
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Mount Tambora
Mount Tambora:
It¶s erupted in 1815, lef t nearly 71,000 people dead. It was the largest eruption in the history of
volcano. The eruption created a volcanic winterand turn the y ear without summer.
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MoralHazard f rom Eruption
y As a natural disaster, may happen at any time. W e only can predict when it will be happen, e v en thoughthe measure time cannot be 100% accurate. The
technology help us to avoid more lost of liv es and belongings. On the other hand w e hav e to see the positiv e of the nature giv e, it come as a circle.