Volcanoes Chapter 5 S6E5: Convection currents cause plate movement which causes geologic activity...
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Transcript of Volcanoes Chapter 5 S6E5: Convection currents cause plate movement which causes geologic activity...
![Page 1: Volcanoes Chapter 5 S6E5: Convection currents cause plate movement which causes geologic activity such as volcanoes.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649e1a5503460f94b07de9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
VolcanoesChapter 5
S6E5: Convection currents cause plate
movement which causes geologic activity such as
volcanoes.
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What is a VOLCANO?
A weak spot in Earth’s crust where magma comes up to the surface
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Where are most of Earth’s major volcanoes located?
• In belts around the Earth’s continents and oceans along plate boundaries
• One major belt is known as the Ring of Fire, located around the rim of the Pacific Ocean
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Volcanoes at Divergent Boundaries
• May form in the ocean at mid-ocean ridges
• May form on continents at rift valleys
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Example:Great Rift Valley in East Africa
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Volcanoes at Converging Boundaries
Form where 2 plates collide:Oceanic ContinentalOceanic Oceanic
The resulting volcanoes create a string of islands called an
Island Arc
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Examples of Island Arcs: The Aleutian Islands
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Another Example of an Island Arc: The Carribean Islands
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Volcanic Hot Spots
• A volcano forms above a Hot Spot when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the surface
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Oceanic Hot Spot:The Hawaiian Islands
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Continental Hot Spot: Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
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Volcanic eruption vary depending on the viscosity of the magma
• What is viscosity?
–The resistance of a liquid to flow. The greater the viscosity, the thicker the flow
–Depends on the amount of silica (from 50% - 70%)
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Quiet Eruption • Volcano erupts quietly
• Low silica magma has low viscosity and flows easily
• Example: The Hawaiian
Islands
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Explosive Eruption
• Volcano erupts violently
• High silica magma, high viscosity, thick and sticky, does not flow – builds up pressure
• Example:
Mt Saint Helens
• Mount St. Helens about noon on May 18, 1980
after being dormant for 123 years.
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Pyroclastic Flow
• Volcano erupts violently
• Hurls out a mixture of hot gases, ash, cinders, & bombs
• Example: Mayon Volcano, Philippines
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Three Main Types of Volcanoes:
1. Shield Volcano
2. Cinder Cone Volcano
3. Composite Volcano
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Shield Volcano
• Gradual, build-up of lava
• Wide, gently sloping mountain
• Example: Hawaiian Islands Notice the shapes of the shields??? Hummm…
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Cinder Cone Volcano
• Erupts violently, producing ash, cinders, and bombs
• Loose materials build up around the vent in a steep cone-shaped mountain
• Example: Pariciutin, Mexico• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4-rrixcz6w
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Cinder Cone Volcano
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Composite Volcano
• Lava alternates with layers of ash in explosive eruptions
• Tall, cone-shaped mountain• Examples: Mt. Fuji, Japan and
Mt. Saint Helens, Washington, USA
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Composite Volcanoes
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Mt. Saint Helen’s Before & After eruption
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Comparing Shield & Composite Volcanoes
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Comparing the shapes
of Volcanoes!
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Check out this volcano link…
• http://mail.colonial.net/~hkaiter/volcanoes.html
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What is a Caldera?Huge hole left by the collapse of a
volcanic mountain
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Geothermal Activity
• Hot springs & geysers are types of geothermal activity often found in areas of past or present volcanic activity
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What are hot springs?• They form when groundwater is heated by
nearby magma or hot rock deep underground
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Which one is a geyser?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wE8NDuzt8eg
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Seriously, what is a geyser?
A fountain of water and steam that erupts from the ground
• Example: Old Faithful at Yellowstone National Park
It erupts ‘faithfully’ every 33 – 93 minutes
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Experimenting with Volcanic Eruptions
• Volcano Info…build & erupt a volcano…have fun!
• http://kids.discovery.com/games/build-play/volcano-explorer
• http://kids.discovery.com/games/pompeii/pompeii.html