Volcanoes By: Caroline Leary

Feb 11, 2011Science

Mount Pinatubo, Philippinesin 1999 and 1991

In June 1999, the second largest volcanic eruption of the twentieth century took place on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, a mere 90 kilometers (55 miles) northwest of the capital city Manila. Mount Pinatubo is part of a chain of composite volcanoes along the Luzon arc on the west coast of the island.

In mid-March 1991, villagers around Mount Pinatubo began feeling earthquakes and volcanologists began to study the mountain. (Approximately 30,000 people lived on the flanks of the volcano prior to the disaster.) On April 2, small explosions from vents dusted local villages with ash. The first evacuations of 5,000 people were ordered later that month. Find out more at http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/pinatubo.htm

Mt Etna, Sicily, Italy In 2011

Mt Etna is the largest active volcano in Europe. It has base (38 x 47 km) and a max elevation of about 3350 m. Also it has the most eruptions documented in the world. Mt Etna's structure consist of a series of nested stratovolcanoes, characterized by summit calderas, the most important one being the Elliptic Caldera, which formed about 14,000-15,000 years ago.

2011 Eruption. On the evening of 11th January 2011 an increase in volcanic tremor

was recorded at Mt Etna volcano. Lava fountains occurred at SE crater, Mt Etna volcano on the night of 12-13 January 2011. Find out more at http://www.volcanolive.com/etna.html

Nevada del Ruiz, ColombiaBefore 1985

Nevada del Ruiz, also called Mount Ruiz, is a volcano in Colombia. It is about 80 miles (129 km) west of Bogotá, close to the town of Armero. It is the highest active volcano in Colombia. There was a lahar after an eruption in 1985. About 23,000 people died when the lahars covered the Armero, making this the most deadly lahar in the history of the world. People who live near the volcano call it "the Sleeping Lion", because it was dormant for nearly 150 years before the Armero lahar.

Find out more at http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz

 

Nevada del Ruiz, ColombiaBefore 1985 Eruptions in 1985 or Before. In 1595, a lahar flowed down a the valleys of the

River Guali and the River Lagunillas, killing 636 people. In 1845, another massive lahar flooded the upper valley of the River Lagunillas, killing over 1000 people. It continued for 70 kilometers downstream before spreading across a plain in the lower valley floor. It is believed both of these formed from melting of the snow and ice that cover the summit, as did the original eruption.

Find out more at http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevado_del_Ruiz

Mt. Vesuvius, Italyin 1944

Mount Vesuvius is a very dangerous volcano. The volcano has an eruption cycle of about 20 years, but the last eruption was in 1944. The volcano is rated as one of the most dangerous in the world with millions of people living close to the crater.

Mt. Vesuvius, Italyin 1944

1944 Eruption. A two week long eruption of Mt Vesuvius volcano began on

18th March 1944 with a lava flow from the summit crater. Eruptions changed to explosive activity on 21st March with eight lava fountains. The lava fountains increased with time, and the last one on 22nd March was the most intense, reaching heights of 1000 m. A transition to mixed magmatic–phreatomagmatic activity was marked by emissions of ash columns. The final phase of activity at Vesuvius began on 23rd March with vulcanian activity and nuées ardentes. The eruption finished on 29th march 1944. This ended nearly 300 years of semi persistent activity of Vesuvius. Find out more at http://www.volcanolive.com/vesuvius.html

Mount Pelee, Martiniquein 1902-1905

Mount Pelee towers above the island of Martinique, in the West Indies. Since 1902, it is one of the most famous volcanoes on Earth ; its eruption led to the destruction of the entire city of Saint-Pierre, with its 28,000 inhabitants.

1902-1905 Crisis. Half a century after its sudden awakening in 1851, mount Pelée had a

particulary violent outburst. The human losses are estimated at approx. 29,000. 28,000 on May 8th and 1,000 on August 30th.

-The complete destruction of Saint-Pierre, the economic center of Martinique, on May 8th 1902;-The partial destruction of Morne-Rouge and other settlements on the southern and eastern sides, on August 30th 1902;-Heavy damages in the villages of Prêcheur, Grand-Rivière, Basse-Pointe and Ajoupa-Bouillon.

Mount Pelee, Martiniquein 1902-1905

The complete destruction of Saint-Pierre, the economic center of Martinique, on May 8th 1902;-The partial destruction of Morne-Rouge and other settlements on the southern and eastern sides, on August 30th 1902;-Heavy damages in the villages of Prêcheur, Grand-Rivière, Basse-Pointe and Ajoupa-Bouillon.

How Volcanoes Affect the WorldAnd People, Plants, and Animals

How Do Volcanoes affect People? Volcanoes affect people in many ways, some are good, some are

not. Some of the bad ways are that houses, buildings, roads, and fields can get covered with ash. As long as you can get the ash off (especially if it is wet), your house may not collapse, but often the people leave because of the ash and are not around to continually clean off their roofs. If the ashfall is really heavy it can make it impossible to breathe. Some of the good ways that volcanoes affect people include producing spectacular scenery, and producing very rich soils for farming.

How Do Volcanoes affect Plants and Animals? Plants are destroyed over a wide area, during an eruption. The good

thing is that volcanic soil is very rich, so once everything cools off, plants can make a big comeback!

How Volcanoes Affect the WorldAnd People, Plants, and Animals How Do Volcanoes affect Plants and Animals?

Plants are destroyed over a wide area, during an eruption. The good thing is that volcanic soil is very rich, so once everything cools off, plants can make a big comeback!

Different Kinds of VolcanoesThe 4 different types Cinder Cones, Are circular or oval cones made up of small

fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air, cooled and fallen around the vent.

Composite Volcanoes, Are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many

layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity (thick like honey) lava, ash and rock debris (broken pieces).

Different Kinds of VolcanoesThe 4 different typesShield Volcanoes Are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the

middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic lava flows. Basalt lava flows from these volcanoes are called flood basalts. Some very fluid flows can travel for hundreds of miles.

Lava Domes Are formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow

and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent. Find out more at http://www.kidscosmos.org/kid-stuff/kids-volcanoes-types.html

GlossaryVolcano words Active Volcano- An active volcano is one that has

erupted in recorded history or is currently erupting.

Ashfall- Ashfall (also called air fall) is volcanic ash that falls from an ash cloud or a volcanic column.

GlossaryVolcano wordsMagma- molten material beneath or within the earth's crust,

from which igneous rock is formed. Volcano- a mountain or hill, usually having a cuplike

crater at the summit, formed around such a vent from the ash and lava expelled through it or

a vent in the earth's crust through which lava, steam, ashes, etc., are expelled, either continuously or at irregular intervals.

Volcano Pictures

Credits http://geography.about.com/od/globalproblemsandissues/a/pinatubo.htm http://www.uwec.edu/jolhm/EH2/Lennon/pictures.htm http://www.wtfo.com/~rodl/pinatubo/pinatubo.html http://www.galenfrysinger.com/mount_etna_sicily.htm http://astronet.ru/db/xware/msg/1208313 http://www.travelvista.net/5-deadliest-volcanoes/ http://www.skyscraperlife.com/colombia/2479-glaciares-de-colombia.html http://velvetescape.com/blog/2010/07/velvet-moments-travel-photo-of-the-week-mt-ve

suvius/ https://ambrittimes.pbworks.com/w/page/26681588/Volcanoes-around-the-World http://sites.google.com/site/hesbearcat/montpelee http://www.dark-stories.com/eng/eruption_of_mount_pelee.htm http://skywalker.cochise.edu/wellerr/students/volcano-types/project.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112681/Eng/Normal/Extrusive_Vulcancity/Types_of_Vo

lcanoes/composite_vol.htm

Credits .

http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/Thumblinks/scoriacone_kea_page.html

. http://www.volcanodiscovery.com/kelud/1107/lava_dome/image1.html .

http://alchessmist-images.blogspot.com/2010/04/active-volcano-with-red-misty-cloud.html

. http://picsdigger.eu/keyword/ashfall . Http://www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/Dist-Ed/SyllabusImages/tungurahua-volcano.jpg.

http://vygotsky.ced.appstate.edu/lib5140/Asheville%20Fall%202009%20Cohort%20Student%20Folders/WashburnAmanda/Pics%20of%20Volcanoes/20231-004-008EFA7E.jpg

. http://photos.si.edu/mexvolc/volcmex_files/paricutin.jpg . http://www.ecoenquirer.com/EPA-volcanoes.jpg . http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/fountain.jpg . http://ursispaltenstein.ch/blog/images/uploads_img/how_volcanoes_work.jpg . http://

www.naschools.net/teachers/krahnvolcano/Saved%20Images/composite_volcano_3_small.gif

http://ngepress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/redoubt-webcam.jpg

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