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, 621pp.
, 2000 : . , 254pp.
, 2009 : , . , 312pp.
, , 2006 : .
, 391pp.
, 408pp., 2007 : . ,
2007, 431pp.
, 952pp.
Fuller, John F.C. 1954 : A military History of the Western
World(Vol. ). Funk & Wagnalls Co., 772pp.
John. F. Fuller, 1997 : Thor's Legions : Weather
Support to the U.S. Air Force and Army/1937-
1987. AMS, 443pp.
Johns Hopkins, 362pp.
2009 : At War with the Weather. Massachusets
Institute or Tech. 462pp.
,

.
7 7

( 41).
()

.




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(social decision-making).
.


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()
. S. Knack(1994)

. (National Climatic
Data Center) (National Election

. ,

, (public duty)

,
.




(%) (%) (%)
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(1987.12.16.) 89.2
13
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1
(1995.6.27.) 68.4
14
(1992.12.18.) 81.9
14
(1992.3.24.) 71.9
2
(1998.6.4.) 52.7
15
(1997.12.18.) 80.7
15
(1996.4.11.) 63.9
3
(2002.6.13.) 48.8
16
(2002.12.19.) 70.8
16
(2000.4.13.) 57.2
4
(2006.5.31.) 51.6
17
(2007.12.19.) 63.0
17
(2004.4.15.) 60.6
5
(2010.6.2.) 54.5
18
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1994

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1952-08-02 2 88.1 19-30
1956-05-15 3 94.4 9-22
1960-03-15 4 97 1-9
1963-10-15 5 85 8-22
1967-05-03 6 83.6 9-22
1971-04-27 7 79.8 8-24
1972-12-23 8 100 3-8
1978-07-06 9 99.9 22-26
1979-12-06 10 99.6 2-6
1980-08-27 11 99.4 19-24
1981-02-25 12 99.9 6-13
1987-12-16 13 89.2 4-4
1992-12-18 14 81.9 4-4
1997-12-18 15 80.7 5-9
2002-12-19 16 70.8 1-9
2007-12-19 17 63 3-5
[ 2]
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.

.

. 7
17
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. 15




.

( , 6:282). 1991


(
, 5:231).


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1950-05-30 2 91.9 17-34
1954-05-20 3 91.1 15-28
1958-05-02 4 90.7 7-18
1960-07-29 5 84.3 25-32
1963-11-26 6 72.1 3-2
1967-06-08 7 76.1 15-23
1971-05-25 8 73.2 13-23
1973-02-27 9 71.4 2-7
1978-12-12 10 77.1 0-8
1981-03-25 11 78.4 1-7
1985-02-25 12 84.6 9-1
1988-04-26 13 75.8 8-20
1992-03-24 14 71.9 5-8
1996-04-11 15 63.9 1-10
2000-04-13 16 57.2 9-18
2004-04-15 17 60.6 10-21
2008-04-09 18 46.1 9-16
[ 3]
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·

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,
· .

.
. ·


.
,



, (compulsory

.
40 2. 51-74.
American Voter, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Converse, Philip, (1964), The Nature of Belief System
in Mass Publics, In Ideology and Discontent, (ed.)
David E. Apter. London: Collier-MacMillan.
Downs, Anthony, (1957), An Economic Theory of
Democracy, New York: Harper & Row.
Knack. (1994). Does Help the Republicans? Theory
and Evidence on Turnout and the Vote. Public
Choice, Vol. 79(1/2):187-209.
(1944), The People's Choice, New York: Duell,
Sloan, and Pearce.
Canada. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada.
Riker, William H. and Peter Ordeshook, (1968), A
Theory of the Calculus of Voting, American
Political Science Review 62, March, p. 25-42.

,
!
,
! ,
!
- , III. 2. 1-7

.
( 1300~1850)
150
. 1880
10 1998
, 21 10
500 5
1980
2 .
. 1916

2001 .1)


.



.
1) , Revisited 1-4 .




.


.


.
,
,

.

.
(1949) , ,
,

‘(land ethic)’
(Leopold 1949),

.


.
.

.



.


. ,
(Alfred Crosby) , ‘

(
, 2006)’ .
(2006)


: ,
? ,

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, , ,
.
2) 26; 31 .

.


.
,
,


.

.


.
, ,
(local color)
.

.

(D. H. Lawrence)
(Thomas Hardy)

, (Egdon Heath)
.
. (William Butler
Yeats)
(James Joyce)
.

. (Mark
Twain) , (William Faulkner)
, (Willa Cather)
,

.

.

. -
, ‘
(carpentered world)’

. ‘
(Sander Parallelogram
Illusion)’
[ 1].
A B
, B A
.
[ 1]

. -
,
,


.
,
.3)
‘ (the elemental background)’
.
, , , ,
.
.

.


(Luke Howard)
. 1801 1841


, , ,
.
(John Constable)
,
3) Topophilia 7, “Environment, Perception, and
World Views” .
of Clouds) 1820

, (John Ruskin)
(Novak
1980).
Shelley) 1820 (The Cloud)
.


.
,

.

.

From the seas and the streams; I bear light
shade for the leaves when laid
In their noonday dreams.
The sweet buds every one,
When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,
As she dances about the sun.
I wield the flail of the lashing hail,
And whiten the green plains under,
And then again I dissolve it in rain,
And laugh as I pass in thunder.

. (Humphry
Davy), (Erasmus Darwin)
(Luigi Galvani)
.


. 6

‘ ’
‘’



.

.
1986 (Michael
Foot)
1816 (Darkness)
.

,

‘(nuclear winter)’

.
, , , ,
,
, , .
.
The world was void,
Seasonless, herbless, treeless, manless,
And nothing stirred within their silent depths;



.

. (1997)


‘’ ,

.


‘’ .


.

.


? 1816 ,



.

,
(Cousin de Grainville)
(The Last Man), (M. G. Lewis)
(The Monk), (Buffon)
(Fontenelle) ,
(Lucretius)
(De rerum natura)
(Bate, 2000).
Bate) ‘ ’


: “1816
4 9 183 130
. 7 1807~1824
4.9 ...
. 7 18
, 21 .
3 , 21
19. 1816 8 21
2 (Bate, 2000).


1816 ‘
(the year without a summer)’
.
“ --
”
(Bate, 2000). 3
1819 .
1815

.


. (2002)


.
.
.
. ‘
’ .

.
.
.
2 1
.
(, 2002).
. 1817~1818
85
. 1816 1815
8% , 1817 56%
.
,
.

.


.
?
.


.
1913
(William J. Humphreys)
.


,

(Clubbe, 1991).
1816
1815

. 400
.
15~20%
1883
, 1980
100 .
1814 , 1812


(, 2002 ).
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun;
Conspiring with him how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.
1819 9 21,
(J. H. Reynolds) “
, ”
.
,
. 11
1821
2 23 .

.

.
1810
(Regency Era)
.

3
,
, ‘ ’
‘ (Dian skies)’
. 8
7 9 22 47 38
, 9 14 4
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III.

' ' .
, ,

.

.

.


.

.



.
.


.
,



.

.


.


.


.
12 , 27-51.
, 315pp. [David Arnold. The Problem of
Nature: Environment, Culture and European
Expansion. Cambridge: Blackwell, 1996].
24pp.
The Little Ice Age: How Climate Change Made
History 1300-1850. New York: Basic Books,
2001].
. , 424pp [Alfred W. Crosby. The
Columbian Exchange. Westport: Praeger, 2nd
Ed. 2003].
Moderne. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1986].
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 335pp.

1816: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein." The Byron
Journal 19: 26-40.
Sketches Here and There. Oxford University
Press, 226pp.
Landscape Painting 1825-1875. New York:
Oxford University Press, 329pp.
Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and

I.


.
60
1% 5,500
.

.
, ,
,
.

.


.

.

.



.
II.
,

.

(, 2009).
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, 11,000BP
.
5,500BP .
3 17~19
.
3BP ,
1)
BC() AD() .

BP . 500BP “ 500
” .
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.
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8,200BP ,
1,360~1,860AD (Little Ice
Age)
. 900AD 1,300AD
400

.
(2004) 20
40~50%
. , ‘
’.
, , ,
,

(, 2009).
1,860AD
“ ( global
warming)”
. , 20
1.0/100 1
42 ,
. 1000 “ ”
, 42
“”
. 100

.


?


.
,


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.
·
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. (blog.aladdin.
co.kr).

,
. ‘
’
.

.


.
.

.
.
.
(Middle Paleolithic, 12BP~5BP)

()
.
(Upper Paleolithic, 5BP ~1
BP) ()


12BP~1BP) .

(
)
.


,

. 5 BP
.
()
()
(

).
22,000BP


.
(www.sciencetime.
1BP
. ,


. (Neolithic period: 1
BP- )
( , 2005).
(Holocene) .
, 4 .



. 1


. 5

.

.



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(the Levant:
, , )


.
(Abuhurira)
(Roberts, et. al., 2006).

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[ 2] (Lautenbacher, Conrad C., 2004)

1.



.
.
400

. 400
.



.

200
, ‘ ’ .


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.
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, 2005).
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300 .
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, 2008).

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.

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. 14 3 1

.


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.

.
.
(SO2) .
“ ”


.
(1952 12)
[ 5] (1836)

10%
. 2


.

(Fred Singer
& Dennis Avery, 2009).
“
”, “ ”, “”
“” 4 “ ” .


. 30

.

.
.

2009
(NOAA) .
,
, ,
.

.

,



.
,

.
“
”
.


.

.
, 2005: ,
, 2004: , . ,
398pp
, 2005: ,
Anthes, Richard A., 1993: The Global Trajectory.
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
74, No. 6. 1121-1130.
Changing Environment, A special seminar at
NOAA Administrator, March 23, 2004.
Fred Singer & Dennis Avery, 2009: Unstoppable
global warming, , 147-169.
Pater, Walter, 1998: .
Robert, F., and M. Chaussidon, 2006: A
palaeotemperature curve for the Precambrian
oceans based on silicon isotopes in cherts.
Nature, 443, 969-972.
Roberts, J. M., 1997: A Short History of the World.
Oxford University Press, New York, 539pp.
http://www.sciencetimes.co.kr/article.do?todo=v

.

. 19

. ,

. , “The England disease”
. Mellanby


A
McCollum , D
.
D
.
II. D
D 2
, 80% D
20%
.
D
25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D]
D . 25(OH)D

() [ 1].
. D
1,25(OH)D
D
. D

. D



[ 2]
1. D
.
290-315 nm
UVB 7-dehydrocholesterol
[ 1] D
: (Feldman, 2005)
(Holick, 2007)
. D
.
D
UVB D
D D
D
.
1) ,
D
, , D
. 20

.
D
35
(10 3) D
.

TEMIS(Tropospheric Emission Monitoring
D UVB
[ 3].
, [ 4]
( 42) D
previtamin D3 6,7
11
3
. ( 34)
( 18) previtamin
D3 .
[ 3] D UV
(http://www.temis.nl/index.php)

D
.
D
. D
7 5
D
9 4
.
D 3
1 .

D
.
3)
.
UVB
UVB
UVB
D
. SPF 8
D

[ 5].
[ 4] previtamin D3
(Webb, 1988)
D

D 7-dehydrocholesterol
.
IV. D
.
D

D
. D
.
D
.

D .
D

.

.
. 2005 18

60% D

[ 6].
[ 5] D
(Matsuoka, 1987)
D

D ,
.
800IU

D .
700IU D
.
2. D
1990

[ 7].
D , ,

.
D
D
1 .
, ,
D

.
,

[ 8].
[ 6] D
(Lips, 2006)
(Hanchette, 1992)
[ 8] D
(Holick, 2008)
D


D .
3. UVB
.
D

.
(melanoma)
.
1200 D

15 .
, 1 D

D
.
20-49 400
IU , 600 IU ,
600-800 IU . D
,
[ 1].
D
.
D D
. 100U
D 25(OH)D 1ng/ml
30
ng/ml
1000-2000IU D
.
food IU per serving
, 85g 794
, 85g 388
, 85g 154
Vitamin D , 1 100
Vitamin D , 170g 80
, 60g 46
, 1() 25
, , ,


,
. D
,
.
D
D
25(OH)D
D . D
, UVB

.
Clinical Osteoporosis Update , 33-
44.
D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of
randomized controlled trials. Arch. Intern.
Med., 169(6), 551-561.
Press., 1892pp.
protective effect of ultraviolet radiation.
Cancer., 70(12), 2861-2869.
pandemic and consequences
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Lips P., et al., 2006: The prevalence of vitamin D
inadequacy amongst women with osteoporosis:
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Webb, AR., et al., 1988: Influence of season and
latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin
D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston
and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3
synthesis in human skin. J. Clin. Endocrinol.
Metab., 67(2), 373-378.
.
. 2010 12 G20


. 2010 11 11 12
2
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.

.
. ,
.

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.
(LRAD-Long Range Acoustic Device)

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1960 1984
1961 1985
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1963 1987
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1968 1992
1969 1993
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1971 1995
1972 1996
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1974 1998
1975 1999
1976 2000
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Effect)=n(n-1)/2 (n= )
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.


.

.
IV.
, 300
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.



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→
.
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.
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,

. 2009

.
2) (Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change)
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1.
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Sutton, O.G., 1953: Micrometeorology. McGraw-Hill Book Co.,
333pp.
: , : . ( ), (), .
() , 2006: 1954-2005
. , 16(1), 49-53.
Seinfeld, J., et al., 2004: ACE-Asia: Regional climatic and