Vocabulary Terms- India and ChinaVocabulary Terms- India and China

1.1. Define the following termsDefine the following terms: monsoon, plateau, veneration, : monsoon, plateau, veneration, Sanskrit, rajahs, mystics, castes, acculturation, Hinduism, Sanskrit, rajahs, mystics, castes, acculturation, Hinduism, atman, moksha, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, atman, moksha, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, ahimsa, Buddhism, nirvana, sects, feudalism, dissent, golden ahimsa, Buddhism, nirvana, sects, feudalism, dissent, golden age, Silk Road, oracle bones Mandate of Heaven, age, Silk Road, oracle bones Mandate of Heaven, Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism.

Map of AsiaMap of Asia2. Locate and identify on a map India, Himalaya, Ganges River,

Persian Gulf, Mediterranean Sea, Huang He (Yellow River), Chang Jiang (Yangtze River), Mongolia, Gobi Desert, and the South China Sea.

Ancient India Ancient India and Chinaand China

Geography of the Indian Subcontinent

The Deccan Plateau Indus and Ganges Rivers

Himalayas (highest mountains in the world) 8,874 m or 29,114 ft Over 100 mountains,

Mt. Everest being the most famous

Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan

Geography and Ancient India

Geographic advantages:

Geographic challenges:

Indus Valley Civilization(Harappan Culture)

• Pre-Indo-European Culture• Religion

• most likely polytheistic• certain animals were venerated, including the buffalo and

the bull• early beliefs may have influenced later Indian beliefs,

especially the veneration of cattle

• Government Structure and Cities• city planning and the citadel

• Economy• agriculture and trade

• Writing

What brought about the demise of the Indus Valley Civilization?

Harappan CityHarappan City

Mohenjo-Daro

TheThe AryansAryans invaded northern India by c.1500 B.C. They invaded northern India by c.1500 B.C. They were a nomadic people of Indo-European origins. Their were a nomadic people of Indo-European origins. Their chief occupations were herding livestock and war. chief occupations were herding livestock and war.

Transition from pastoral nomads into farmersTransition from pastoral nomads into farmers Use of the iron plowUse of the iron plow SanskritSanskrit

Caste system in India- in India- social group into which a Hindu person is born

1.1. Brahmans-Brahmans-2.2. Kshatriyas-Kshatriyas-3.3. Vaisyas- Vaisyas- 4.4. Sudras- Sudras- *Pariahs, Untouchables *Pariahs, Untouchables

HinduismHinduism

• origins lie with the Aryans origins lie with the Aryans • vedas (collections of religious chants and (collections of religious chants and

ceremonies originally transmitted orally but later ceremonies originally transmitted orally but later recorded in writing)recorded in writing)

BrahmanBrahman is is the single most powerful force in the universe. It is the single most powerful force in the universe. It is the ultimate goal of every person is to attain union with the ultimate goal of every person is to attain union with this force.this force.

ReincarnationReincarnation is the idea that the soul continues on after is the idea that the soul continues on after death and is reborn in another life. The ultimate goal is to death and is reborn in another life. The ultimate goal is to reborn in union with Brahman. reborn in union with Brahman.

KarmaKarma is the idea that what a person does, good or bad, will is the idea that what a person does, good or bad, will determine their future either in this life or in the next. determine their future either in this life or in the next. There is no such principle as fate. There is no such principle as fate.

DharmaDharma is the divine law. People are required to do their duty is the divine law. People are required to do their duty according to their class or role in society. For example, according to their class or role in society. For example, more is expected of the Brahmans than of the Sudras. more is expected of the Brahmans than of the Sudras.

YogaYoga (meditation) is a method of training the mind and/or body (meditation) is a method of training the mind and/or body to reach a higher union with godto reach a higher union with god. .

Tenets central to Hinduism

The three main Hindu gods are:The three main Hindu gods are:1.1. BrahmaBrahma the Creator the Creator2.2. VishnuVishnu the Preserver the Preserver3.3. SivaSiva the Destroyer the Destroyer

Quiz 8- Quiz 8- Ancient India and Ancient India and ChinaChina***Study all vocabulary terms for quiz.***Study all vocabulary terms for quiz.

BuddhismBuddhismSiddhartha GautamaSiddhartha Gautama, known as Buddha or “Enlightened One,” , known as Buddha or “Enlightened One,”

founded Buddhism in the 6th century B.C.founded Buddhism in the 6th century B.C. Gautama’s BackgroundGautama’s Background Gautama’s basic beliefsGautama’s basic beliefs

The Basic Beliefs of BuddhismThe Basic Beliefs of Buddhism

Four Noble TruthsFour Noble Truths::1.1. An ordinary life is full of suffering.An ordinary life is full of suffering.2.2. This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves.This suffering is caused by our desire to satisfy ourselves.3.3. The way to end suffering is to end The way to end suffering is to end desire for selfish goals desire for selfish goals and to and to

see others as extensions of ourselves.see others as extensions of ourselves.4.4. The way to end all suffering is to follow the Middle Path.The way to end all suffering is to follow the Middle Path.

The Middle PathThe Middle Path or or Eight-Fold PathEight-Fold Path::1.1. the right viewthe right view2.2. the right intentionthe right intention3.3. the right speechthe right speech4.4. the right actionthe right action5.5. the right livelihoodthe right livelihood6.6. the right effortthe right effort7.7. the right mindfulnessthe right mindfulness8.8. the right concentrationthe right concentration

Ancient Indian Empires Maurya Empire (321 B.C.-185 B.C.)Maurya Empire (321 B.C.-185 B.C.)

Chandragupta MauryaChandragupta Maurya Asoka (Buddhist convert)Asoka (Buddhist convert)

The Kushan and the Silk Road (first century B.C.)The Kushan and the Silk Road (first century B.C.) 4,000 miles trade route 4,000 miles trade route Pacific to MediterraneanPacific to Mediterranean Luxury goodsLuxury goods

Chinese merchantsChinese merchants Indian merchantsIndian merchants Roman merchantsRoman merchants

Gupta Empire (320 A.D.- 520 A.D.)Gupta Empire (320 A.D.- 520 A.D.)

Ancient China

Ancient ChinaAncient ChinaGeographyGeography Pacific OceanPacific Ocean Asian Deserts (Gobi Desert)Asian Deserts (Gobi Desert) Mountains (Himalayas)Mountains (Himalayas) Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze (Chang Jiang) RiversHuang He (Yellow) and Yangtze (Chang Jiang) Rivers

The Xia Dynasty (c. 2000 B.C.)The Xia Dynasty (c. 2000 B.C.) Flooding and IrrigationFlooding and Irrigation The rise of the first Chinese citiesThe rise of the first Chinese cities GovernmentGovernment

The Shang Dynasty (c.1700-1122 B.C.)The Shang Dynasty (c.1700-1122 B.C.) Society during the ShangSociety during the Shang Symbolic writing and oracle bonesSymbolic writing and oracle bones Bronze castingsBronze castings The decline of the ShangThe decline of the Shang

The Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 B.C.)The Zhou Dynasty (1122-256 B.C.) The longest lasting dynasty in Chinese historyThe longest lasting dynasty in Chinese history Feudal stateFeudal state Mandate of HeavenMandate of Heaven Swords, crossbows, and psychological warfareSwords, crossbows, and psychological warfare

ChinaChina

The Qin Dynasty (221-210 B.C.)The Qin Dynasty (221-210 B.C.) Qin Shi Huangdi unified all of Chinaunified all of China Centralization and absolute ruleCentralization and absolute rule

Military districts with appointed administratorsMilitary districts with appointed administrators Uniform system of weights and measuresUniform system of weights and measures Standardized coinsStandardized coins Uniform system of writingUniform system of writing Law codeLaw code

The The Great Wall of China and forced laborand forced labor Shi Huangdi’s loss of the Mandate of HeavenShi Huangdi’s loss of the Mandate of Heaven The discontent of his subjectsThe discontent of his subjects The decline of the Qin dynastyThe decline of the Qin dynasty

The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.D.) The Han Dynasty (202 B.C.-220 A.D.) Gao ZuGao Zu Continuance of the Qin governmental systemContinuance of the Qin governmental system Civil service exam Civil service exam Han Wudi (141- 87 B.C.) “Military Emperor of China”Han Wudi (141- 87 B.C.) “Military Emperor of China” Demise in 220 A.D. Demise in 220 A.D.

Qin Great Wall

The Silk RoadLuxury GoodsLuxury Goods

Confucianism and DaoismConfucianism and Daoism Confucius (551-479 B.C.)Confucius (551-479 B.C.) Laozi (6th century B.C.)Laozi (6th century B.C.)

Early Chinese AccomplishmentsEarly Chinese Accomplishments Writing, Painting, Paper, and Printing Writing, Painting, Paper, and Printing