Vocabulary Study Doing a vocabulary study for each of the nutrients Why? Many of the words are...
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Transcript of Vocabulary Study Doing a vocabulary study for each of the nutrients Why? Many of the words are...
Vocabulary Study
Doing a vocabulary study for each of the nutrients
Why? Many of the words are new, therefor, it is mass
confusion if we don’t understand the words before we learn the rest of the stuff!
Each night you must do the assigned vocabulary
Words must be defined in the context of biology and nutrition
Before lecture starts each day, we will go over the assigned vocab to make sure everyone understands it!
NutritionTHE ESSENTIALS…
Food Pyramid
Food Pyramid
According to Harvard scientist Dr. Walter Willett, the food pyramid is not up-to-date with current nutritional research. He states six faults of the food pyramid that are misleading American people, and adding to the growing epidemic of obesity.
Discussion
Based on your background knowledge of nutrition:
Why is the food pyramid wrong or right? What do you think needs to be changed? What are factors that would lead to this
being need to be changed?
Vocab
Use your phone or a friends phone to look up and define the following vocab…. Put them into the body of your notes! Monosaccharaides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Pancreatic amylase
Maltase
Sucrose and Sucrase
Lactose and Lactase
glucose
Carbohydrates
What are they? A saccharide which means..
- Sugar There are four groupings, we have
already learned three of them:
1. Monosaccharaides
2. Disaccharides
3. Polysaccharides
Contains one sugar molecule
Contains two molecules
Contains many sugar molecules
Monosaccharide
Simplest form of Carbohydrate (CHO)
Forms:
Ribose
Fructose
Glucose
Disaccharide • Second simple form of a CHO• What is it?• Forms
Maltose
Lactose
Complex Carbohydrates
• Polysaccharides• Starches and Fibers– chains of monosaccharide's
CHO Review
Look over notes
Write a short summary of the note we took on CHO’s in the summary space provided in the notes.
Carbohydrate DigestionIn the mouth carbohydrate digestion starts. Salivary amylase (in our SPIT)
breaks down polysaccharides to simpler sugars
(disaccharides).
Small intestine is where carbohydrate digest is completed:• Pancreatic amylase (from pancreas)
finishes breaking down carbohydrates to simple sugars (disaccharides)
• Maltase (from small intestine) breaks down maltose (a disaccharide) to two glucose molecules.
• Sucrase (also from small intestine) breaks down sucrose to glucose and fructose and lactase breaks down lactose to glucose
Review
Go back through your notes and.. Circle key/vocabulary terms Fill in gaps of missing information (get
notes from friends that you missed) Cross out non-important notes
Good vs. Bad
Bad carbs are absorbed by the human body at a fast rate and heighten the risk of causing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels).
Limit your diet of simple carbohydrates (BAD!) Soda Candy Artificial syrups Sugar White rice, white bread, white pasta Potatoes Pastries and desserts
Good Carbs vs Bad Carbs
Good carbs are absorbed by the human body slowly, or not at all. They only cause a minor change in blood sugar levels.
Next to the many side effects of sugar on your body, sugar is also addictive, making it hard to stop. It can be worse that quitting smoking.
Not only do we crave the sweetness of taste, but also the calories that come with it.
Most people who start out on a sugar free diet report an increased feeling of wellness after just a day or two!
Sugar
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/sugar-hiding-in-plain-sight-robert-lustig
http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-sugar-affects-the-brain-nicole-avena
GI Good carbohydrates GI Bad carbohydrates
10 Greens, tomatoes 110 Maltose (beer)
10 Zucchini, eggplants 103 Date syrup
10 Onion, garlic 100 Sugar, glucose, dextrose
15 Celeriac, fresh apricots, tofu 95 Oven baked potatoes, french fries
15 Walnuts, unsalted peanuts 95 Rice flour, modified starch20 Cooked soybeans, fructose 90 Mashed potatoes, potato chips22 Split peas, green lentils 85 Honey, grape juice, dried dates
22 Sugar free fruit jam 85 Dried carrots, roasted or minute rice
30 Green beans, chickpeas 85 Burger buns, corn flakes, popcorn30 Yellow lentils, white beans 80 Garden beans, dried dates30 Dairy products, raw carrots 70 Baguettes, cookies, sugary cereal
35 Wild rice, figs, dried apricots 70 Candy bars, sugary soft drinks
40 Brown beans, green peas 70 Boiled potatoes, noodles, ravioli40 Wholemeal bread or pasta 65 Couscous, beetroots40 Sugar free cereal, fresh OJ 65 Orange juice in box, sugary jam45 Spaghetti al dente 60 Fresh dates, long grain rice50 Canned peas, basmati rice 60 Semolina50 Buckwheat flour or crepes 55 Shortcrust pastry, white pasta
GI Fruit Net carbohydrates42 Peach 7.8g per piece46 Grapes 8.5g per 10 pieces57 Apricot 3.2g per piece52 Kiwi Fruit 8.7g per piece22 Cherries 9.5g per 10 pieces25 Grapefruit 9.5g per half piece40 Strawberries 9.5g per cup44 Orange 12.3g per piece39 Apple 15.8g per piece37 Pear 15.9g per piece54 Banana 23.9g per piece59 Papaya 24.3g per piece72 Watermelon 10.9g per cup66 Pineapple 17.6g per cup56 Mango 31.3g per piece103 Dates 28.7g per 5 pieces
64 Raisins 109.6g per cup
Jeopardy!!
Go through your notes…. Chunk the information.
On the left hand side, come up with the a question that the information in your notes answers.
Example!!
Notes Review
Go back through your notes and.. Circle key/vocabulary terms Fill in gaps of missing information
(get notes from friends that you missed)
Cross out non-important notes Write a summary, answering the
questions on the left hand side…MAKE IT BRIEF!
Carbohydrates Quiz!
https://b.socrative.com/teacher/#dashboard
Quick Write
What do you know about Protein?
What are the functions it serves in the body?
How do vegetarians get the correct amount of protein?
Protein
Protein Vocab
Define the vocabulary for protein DNA
Amino Acids
Peptide Bond
Polypeptide
Dipeptide
ProteinProtein is also used in the creation of DNA, the nucleic acids responsible for determining how our body cells are formed and how they behave. Proteins are the building blocks of the
body They play key roles in
biological processesTransport OxygenImmune System
Transmission of messages from cell to cell
What do proteins do?
http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/Uniquely-Me/Sci-Media/Video/What-is-a-protein
Functional Properties
•Most foods contain protein, such as collagen in meat, gluten in wheat flour and albumin in egg white.
• Protein is made up of small units called amino acids.
• Amino acids are compounds which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
Dipeptides and Polypeptides
• When two amino acids are joined together in this way, a dipeptide is formed.
• A polypeptide is created when many amino acids are joined together.
• A typical protein may contain 500 or more amino acids, joined together by peptide bonds.
Dipeptides and Polypepetides
• Each protein has its own specific number and sequence of amino acids.
• The chains of amino acids making up the structure are also held together by bonds.
Essential Amino Acids The amino acids our body
cannot make and must be obtained through food sources:
There are 20 different amino acids. We have to get 9 of them from foods. Our body produces the other 11.
A complete source is one that provides all of the essential amino acids
An incomplete source is one that is low in one or more of the essential amino acids.
Intake - Needs
Recommended Dietary Allowance for Protein
Grams of protein needed each day
1. Children ages 9 – 13 342. Girls ages 14 – 18 463. Boys ages 14 – 18 524. Women ages 19 – 70+ 46
5. Men ages 19 – 70+ 56
Notes Review
Go back through your notes and.. Circle key/vocabulary terms Fill in gaps of missing information
(get notes from friends that you missed)
Cross out non-important notes Jeopardy Write a summary, answering the
questions on the left hand side…MAKE IT BRIEF!
Protein Quiz!!
Fats
Vocab
Define the Fat vocab Lipids
Fatty Acids
Cholesterol
Precursor
Lipoprotein
Saturated Fats
Unsaturated Fats
Fat
Fats are a source of energy in foods, they are called LIPIDS. Come in liquid or solid form.
Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
Essential for the proper functioning of the body, provide essential fatty acids to the body.
The essential fatty acids are not made by the body and MUST come from food.
Fat Structures
Sterols and Sterol Esters: Cholesterol is the most common member of
steroids in animal tissue.
Precursor for bile acids and steroidal hormones.
Rarely found in plants, only in animals
Fats and the body
Serves as the storage substance for the body’s extra calories
Helps to insulate the body
Important Energy Source
Healthy skin and hair
Absorb and movement of Vitamins A, D, E and K
Saturated Fats
These are the biggest dietary cause of high LDL (low density lipoprotein) levels ("bad cholesterol").
When looking at a food label, pay very close attention to the percentage of saturated fat and avoid or limit any foods that are high.
Saturated fat should be limited to 10% of calories. Saturated fats are found in animal products such
as: Butter, cheese, whole milk, ice cream, cream,
and fatty meats. They are also found in some vegetable oils .
Unsaturated Fats
Fats that help to lower blood cholesterol if used in place of saturated fats. However, unsaturated fats have a lot of calories, so you still need to limit them.
Most (but not all) liquid vegetable oils are unsaturated. (The exceptions include coconut, palm, and palm kernel oils.)
There are two types of unsaturated fats: Monounsaturated fats: Examples include olive
and canola oils.
Polyunsaturated fats: Examples include fish, safflower, sunflower, corn, and soybean oils
Good Fats
Omega-3 : essential in physical and emotional health
Fight fatigue, control weight, and help your brain function
GOOD FATS
Monounsaturated fat Polyunsaturated fat•Olive oil •Canola oil •Sunflower oil •Peanut oil •Sesame oil •Avocados •Olives •Nuts (almonds, peanuts, macadamia nuts, hazelnuts, pecans, cashews) •Peanut butter
•Soybean oil •Corn oil •Safflower oil •Walnuts •Sunflower, sesame, and pumpkin seedsFlaxseed •Fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring, trout, sardines) •Soymilk •Tofu
How can it be bad?!
Eating too much saturated fat puts you at risk for heart disease.
Builds up Cholesterol in the body
Obesity and some types of cancer
What are some bad fats? Examples!
Notes Review
Go back through your notes and.. Circle key/vocabulary terms Fill in gaps of missing information
(get notes from friends that you missed)
Cross out non-important notes Jeopardy Write a summary, answering the
questions on the left hand side…MAKE IT BRIEF!
https://b.socrative.com/teacher/#dashboard
Fats Quiz!
Vitamins
Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Mainly from cold water fish or flaxseed oil.
How it works: Protects against heart disease
Protects against arteriosclerosis
Causes HDL Cholesterol (protects against plaque build up)
Anti-Inflammatory Response
May;
Protect against strokes
Improve immune response
Anemia in women
Potassium Found in several different foods, fruits vegetables, grains,
asparagus, avocados nuts, bananas, peas, beef ……
Potassium Chloride is the most common form.
Main ROLE : protein synthesis, conversion of blood sugar into glycogen (sugar) that the body can use.
Functions in the body in the following ways: Regular heart beat
Muscle contraction
Water balance
Positive Electrolyte in the body; for normal function of the body.
May:
Help athletes, prevent high blood pressure, treat acne, combat fatigue and mood swings
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_sodium_potassium_pump_works.html
Vitamin A (Beta Carotene)
Found as Beta Carotene in plants, liver egg yolk, cheese and milk. Converted to Vitamin A in the body.
Aids in treatment of some eye disorders, including prevention of night blindness and formation of visual purple in the eye
Promotes bone growth, teeth development, reproductionHelps form and maintain healthy skin, hair, mucous membranes
Builds body's resistance to respiratory and other infections
Vitamin B12
Not found in plants only in fish, meat, eggs, and dairy products.
Performs as a coenzyme for the creation of DNA material
Promotes growth and cell development and is important for fat, CHO and protein metabolism.
It may: Produces genetic material
Metabolizes amino and fatty acids
Works to release food energy
Helps treat Alzheimer's disease
May see increase in energy and memory
Vitamin C
Found in a variety of sources including fruits, vegetables, potatoes, Brussels peppers
Vitamin C is one of the most crucial vitamins in your body for the very fact that plays a large role in hundreds of the body's functions.
Large benefit is defense against disease and infection, because it builds collagen.
Essential for the manufacturing of collagen, necessary for tissue repair
Vital for healthy immune and nervous systems because it strengthens blood vessels, as it is an antioxidant that participates in oxidation-reduction reactions
Functions as a promoter of a compound that fights cancer
Vitamin D
Sources include fortified milk, oily fish, liver, and eggs
Vitamin D is known as the sunshine vitamin
Significant in normal body growth and development
Vitamin D is used to absorb calcium and phosphorus to create bone
Benefits include: Absorbs calcium and phosphorus to aid in the
development of bones and teeth
Promotes normal cell growth and maturation
Maintains a healthy nervous and immune system