Vocabulary Review Ch 15 – Theory of Evolution. A heritable change in the characteristics within a...
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![Page 1: Vocabulary Review Ch 15 – Theory of Evolution. A heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d305503460f94a084f8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview
Ch 15 – Theory Ch 15 – Theory of Evolutionof Evolution
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A heritable change in the characteristics within a population
from one generation to the next; the
development of new types of organisms
from preexisting types of organisms over time
Evolution
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Layers of rock
Strata
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The process by which individuals that are
better adapted to their environment survive and
reproduce more successfully than less
well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain
the mechanism of evolutionNatural Selection
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The process of becoming adapted to an environment; an
anatomical, physiological, or
behavioral trait that improves an
organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptation
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In evolutionary theory, a measure of an individual’s
hereditary contribution to the
next generation
Fitness
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The trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly
preserved in sedimentary rock
Fossil
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A principle that states that
younger rocks lie above older rocks if the layers have
not been disturbed
Superposition
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The age of an object in relation
to the ages of other objects
Relative age
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The numeric age of an object or event, often stated in years before
the present, as established by an absolute-dating process, such as
radiometric dating
Absolute age
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The study of the geographical
distribution of living organisms
and fossils on Earth
Biogeography
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Anatomical structures in one species that,
compared to other anatomical structures in
another species, originated from a single anatomical structure in a
common ancestor of the two species
Homologous structure
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An anatomical structure in one species that is
similar in function and appearance, but not in evolutionary origin, to
another anatomical structure in another
speciesAnalogous structure
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A structure in an organism that is
reduced in size and function and that may have been complete and functional in the organism’s ancestors
Vestigial structure
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The evolutionary history of a species or taxonomic group; the relationships by
ancestry among species or taxonomic
groups
Phylogeny
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The process by which unrelated species become more similar as
they adapt to the same kind of environmentConvergent evolution
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The process by which two or more
related but reproductively
isolated populations
become more and more dissimilarDivergent
evolution
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An evolutionary pattern in which
many species evolve from a
single ancestral species
Adaptive radiation
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The selective breeding of
organisms (by humans) for
specific desirable characteristics
Artificial selection
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The evolution of two or more species that
is due to mutual influence, often in a way that makes the relationship more
mutually beneficial
Coevolution