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BAI 1: S IEN LI

I. Hien tng ien li :

1. Th nghiem :

- Tien hanh th nghiem nh s hng dan cua sgk

- Chat dan ien :...............................................................................

- Chat khong dan ien : .................................................................

2. Nguyen nhan tnh dan ien cua cac dd axit , baz vamuoi trong nc :

- Tnh dan ien cua cac dd axit , baz , muoi la .......................

...............................................................................................................

- Quatrnh ......................................................................................................... goi la s ien li .

- Nhng

chat .....................................................................................................goi la chat ien li

- S ien li c bieu dien bang phng trnh ien li

V du:

NaCl .......................................

Al2(SO4)3 ..................................

Ca(OH)2 ...................................

* Ion dng : goi la .

Ten = Cation + ten nguyen to .

V du : Ca2+., Al3+

.

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* Ion am : goi la

Ten = Anion + ten goc axit tng ng .

V du: 24

SO ., Cl-

..

II. C che cua qua trnh ien li :

1. Cau tao phan t nc :

2. Qua trnh ien li cua NaCl trong nc :

- Di tac dung cua cac phan t H2O phan cc , nhng ionNa+ va Cl- ....................................... nhng phan t H2O, qua trnhtng tac gia cac phan t H2O va cac ion cua muoi lamcac ion Na+ vaCl- ....................................................................................................................... .

- Bieu dien bang phng trnh :

NaCl .................................................

3. Qua trnh ien li cua HCl trong nc :

- Phan tHCl .........................................................................................................................................

- Do s tng tac gia cac phan t phan cc H2O va HCl ,phan t HCl phan li thanh ion .......................

- Bieu dien :

HCl ...................................................

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- Cac phan t ru etylic , saccarozo , glixerol la nhng phan

t .................................... .......... nen di tac dung cua phan

t nc ...............................................................................................

BAI 2: PHAN LOAI CAC CHAT IEN LI

I. o ien li :

1. Th nghiem :

Sgk

2. o ien li :

- o ien li cua mot chat ien li la .......................................

...............................................................................................................

= ( < )

- Khi = 0 : ..........................................................................................

V du: Trong dd CH3COOH 0,43M , c 100 phan t hoa tan chco 2 phan t phan li ra ion

Vay = .........................................................................................

II. Chat ien li manh va chat ien li yeu :

1. Chat ien li manh :

La chat ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

- Vay chat ien li manh co o ien li = ........................ ola:

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....................................................... VD : .........................................

.................

.......................................................

VD : .........................................................

.......................................................

VD : .........................................................

- Phng trnh ien li c bieu dien bang mui ten :.

V du:

HNO3 ...................................................

NaOH ..................................................

NaCl ....................................................

2. Chat ien li yeu :

- La chat .............................................................................................phan con lai ...................................................................................... .

- Vay o ien li cua chat ien li yeu nam trong khoang:o la:

............................................................VD: ...................................................

.............................................................VD: ..................................................

- Trong phng trnh ien li dung mui ten: ......................................................................

V du:

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CH3COOH ..............................................................................................

Mg(OH)2 ................................................................................................

a. Can bang ien li:

- S ien li cua chat ien li yeu la qua trnh.............................

- Khi .......................................................................................................qua trnh ien li at trang thai can bang .

- Can bang ien li la.. , tuan theo nguyenly Lsatlie .

b. Anh hng cua s pha loang en o ien li :

Khi pha loang dung dch , o ien li cua cac chat ien li

Giai thch:.............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

BAI 3: AXIT, BAZ VA MUOI

I. Axit , baz theo thuyet Areniut :

1. nh ngha :

* Axit: La chat ..................................................................................

V du:

HCl ........................................

CH3COOH .....................................

* Baz : La chat ................................................................................

V du:

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KOH ................................................

Ba(OH)2 ...............................................

2. Axit nhieu nac , baz nhieu nac :

a. Axit nhieu nac :

- Cac axit khi tan trong nc ma phant .................................................................. goi la axit mot nac .

V du :...................................................................

- Cac axit khi tan trong nc ma phant ........................................................................ goi la axit nhieunac .

V du: ..................................................................

- Cac axit nhieu nacphan li lan lt theo tng nac .

H3PO4 ...................................................

.............................................................

.............................................................

H3PO4 la axit ......... nac

b. Baz nhieu nac :

- Cac baz khi tan trong nc ma phant ............................................................................. goi la bazmot nac .

V du: ..................................................................

- Cac baz khi tan trong nc ma phant ............................................................................. goi la baznhieu nac .

V du:

Ca(OH)2 ...............................................

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.............................................................

3. Hiroxit lng tnh :

- La hidroxit khi tan trong nc .........................................................

...............................................................................................................

V du:

Zn(OH)2 .............................................. Phan li kieu baz.

Zn(OH)2 ............................................Phan li kieu axit.

-Mot so hiroxit lng tnh thng gap : ...................................

...............................................................................................................- Cac hidroxit lng tnh eu ...........................................................

...............................................................................................................

II. Khai niem ve axit va baz theo thuyet Bronsted :

1. nh ngha :

-Axit la ...............................................................................................

V du: ...................................................................................................

CH3COOH + H2O ..............................................................................

- Baz la .............................................................................................

NH3 + H2O ..............................................................................................

* Tom lai:

Axit Baz + H+

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- Chat lng tnh la .......................................................................

...............................................................................................................

- Phan t H2O co the ong vai tro la ................ Vay H2O la .

.............................................................

- Axit va baz co the la .......................VD:.............hoac..................VD:........................

2. u iem cua thuyet Bronsted :

Thuyet Bronsted tong quat hn , no ap dung cho bat ky dungmoi nao co kha nang nhng va nhan proton, ca khi khongco dung moi .

III. Hang so phan li axit va baz :

1. Hang so phan li axit :

V du:

CH3COOH ............................................

Ka =

- Ka la ........................................ , ch phu thuoc vao ...................

- Gia tr Ka cang nho ........................................................................

2. Hang so phan li baz :

NH3 + H2O .............................................................................................

Kb =

- Kb la ....................................... , ch phu thuoc vao ...................

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- Gia tr Kb cang nho ........................................................................

II.Muoi :

1. nh ngha :

- Muoi la .............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

V du:

(NH4)2SO4 .............................................

NaHCO3 ..............................................

Cac loai muoi thng gap: .....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

.....................................................................................

2. S ien li cua muoi trong nc

- Hau het cac muoi khi tan trong nc phan li hoan toan racation kim loai (hoac cation +

4NH ) va anion goc axit.

V du:

K2SO4 .............................................

NaCl.KCl ........................................

NaHSO3 .............................................

- Neu goc axit con cha hidro co tnh axit, th goc nay ...........

HSO3- ................................................

- Vi phc chat :

[Ag(NH3)2]Cl .........................................

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[Ag(NH3)2]+ .........................................

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BAI 4: S IEN LI CUA NC. pH.

CHAT CH TH AXIT BAZ

I. Nc la chat ien li rat yeu :

1. S ien li cua nc :

Theo Areniut :

H2O ................................................... (1)

Theo Bronsted :

H2O + H2O............................................ (2)

2. Tch so ion cua nc :

T phng trnh (1)

K =

Ta co :

KH2O = K[H2O] = ................................................

KH2O : ..................................................................

- 250C :

KH2O = ...................................................................Mot cach gan ung co the coi gia tr tch so ion cua ncla hang so trong ca dung dch loang cua cac chat khacnhau.

- Moi trng trung tnh la moi trng trong o : ...................

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3. Y ngha tch so ion cua nc :

a. Moi trng axit:

V du: Hoa tan axit vao nc c dung dch co [H+] = 1,0. 10-3

M. Tnh [OH-

].

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Vay: moi trng axit la moi trng trong o .......................

b. Moi trng kiem :

V du: Hoa tan baz vao nc c dung dch co [OH-] = 1,0.10-5

M. Tnh [H+].

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Vay: moi trng baz la moi trng trong o: ...........................

Ket luan :

Neu biet [H+] trong dd se biet c ..............................................

Tom lai:

o axit va o kiem cua dd co the anh gia bang ..............

- Moi trng axit : ............................

- Moi trng kiem :.........................

- Moi trng trung tnh :...................

II. Khai niem ve pH , chat ch th axit , baz :1. Khai niem ve pH :

Da vao nong o [H+] trong dung dch nc co the anhgia c o axit va o kiem cua dung dch . e tranh ghi[H+] vi so mu am, ngi ta dung pH vi quy c nh sau:

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...............................................................................................................

V du: ien cac thong tin con thieu vao bang sau;

[H+] pH Moi trng

1,0. 10-2

M Trung tnh10

- Moi trng axit : pH ......................

- Moi trng baz : pH .....................

- Moi trng trung tnh : pH..............

Thang pH thng dung co gia tr t 1 en 14.

2. Chat ch th axit , baz :

La chat ...............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

- Mau cua quy tm va phenolphtalein trong cac khoang khacnhau:

VD 1: Mot dung dch co [H+] = 0,01M. Tnh [OH-] va pH cua dungdch. Xac nh moi trng cua dung dch va cho biet maucua quy tm trong dung dch nay.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

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VD2: Mot dung dch co pH = 9. Tnh [H+] va [OH-] trong dung dch.Hay cho biet mau cua phenolphtalein trong dung dch nay.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

BAI 5: LUYEN TAP

AXIT, BAZ VA MUOI

1........................................................................................Khai niem ve axit, baz va muoi

a. Quan niem ve axit theo A-re-ni-ut va Bron-stet? Cho v du.

b. Quan niem ve baz theo A-re-ni-ut va Bron-stet? Cho v du.

c. Chat lng tnh la g? Cho v du.

d. Muoi la g? Muoi thng gap co the chia thanh mayloai? Cho v du.

VD1: Viet phan ng chng minh ion 3HCO lng tnh.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

VD2: Viet phan ng chng minh ion 4

HSO la axit.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

VD3: Viet phan ng chng minh ion 23CO la baz.

...............................................................................................................

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...............................................................................................................

2. Nhng ai lng ac trng cho dung dch axit, baz

a. Viet bieu thc hang so phan li axit cua axit yeu HA va

bieu thc hang so phan li baz cua baz yeu B. Cho bietac iem va y ngha cua cac hang so nay.

b. Tch so ion cua nc la g? Y ngha tch so ion cuanc.

c. Moi trng cua dung dch c anh gia da vao nongo H+ va pH nh the nao?

d. Chat ch th nao thng c dung e xac nh moi

trng cua dung dch. Mau cua chung thay oi nh thenao?

BAI 6: PHAN NG TRAO OI ION TRONG

DUNG DCH CAC CHAT IEN LI

I. ieu kien xay ra phan ng trao oi trong dd cacchat ien li :

1. Phan ng tao thanh chat ket tua :

a. Th nghiem : Nho dung dch Na2SO4 vao ong nghiem ngdung dch BaCl2

hien tng ......................................................................................

...............................................................................................................Giai thch : Na2SO4 va BaCl2 eu de tan va phan li manh trongnc:

Na2SO4 ............................................

BaCl2 ...............................................

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- Ban chat cua phan ng la :

...............................................................................................................

- Phng trnh ion rut gon cho biet ...................................................

Cach chuyen phng trnh hoa hoc di dang phan tthanh phng trnh ion rut gon:

B1:Chuyen ....................................................................................................... thanh ion, .....................................................................

............................................................ e nguyen di dang phan

t phng trnh ion ay u.

B2: ................................... nhng ion khong tham gia phanng, ta c ...............................................................................

VD: .........................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

2. Phng trnh tao thanh chat ien li yeu :

a. Phan ng tao thanh nc :

* Th nghiem 1 : SGK

...............................................................................................................

* Nhan xet: Thc chat cua phan ng la s ket hpgia .............................. , tao nen .....................................................

...............................................................................................................

Phan ng gia dung dch axit va hidroxit co tnh baz rat dexay ra v tao thanh.............................................................................

...............................................................................................................

VD: Mg(OH)2 + HCl...........................................................................

...............................................................................................................

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b. Phan ng tao thanh axit yeu :

* Th nghiem 2 : Nho dung dch HCl vao ong nghiem ng dungdch CH3COONa.

CH3COONa + HCl .................................

- Phng trnh ion rut gon :

.............................................................

- Nhan xet: Thc chat cua phan ng la do s ket hp gia

...............................................................................................................

c. Phan ng tao thanh chat kh

* Th nghiem: Rot dung dch HCl vao coc ng dung dch Na2CO3hien tng: ......................................................................................

HCl + Na2CO3.......................................................................................

* Nhan xet: .......................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Phan ng gia muoi cacbonat va dung dch axit rat de xay

ra v........................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

VD: CaCO3 + HCl .................................................................................

Ket luan :

- Phan ng xay ra trong dung dch cac chat ien li la..............

- Phan ng trao oi trong dung dch chat ien li ch xay ra khi

co ......................................................................................................... :

* ............................................................................

* ............................................................................

* ............................................................................

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II. Phan ng thuy phan cua muoi

1. Khai niem s thuy phan cua muoi :

Phan ng thuy phan cua muoi la.............................................. .

2. Phan ng thuy phan cua muoi

a. V du 1:

- Dung dch CH3COONa co pH >7 la do :

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

b. V du 2 :- Dung dch Fe(NO3)3 co moi trng pH < 7 la do :

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

c. V du 3 :

- oi vi dd (CH3COO)2Pb trong nc ...............................................

...............................................................................................................

d. V du 4 :

- Nhng muoi nh NaHCO3 , KH2PO4 , K2HPO4 khi hoa tan trong ......

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Ket luan :

a. Muoi trung hoa tao bi cation cua baz manh va anion goc

axit yeu, khi tan trong nc. b thuy phan , moitrng cua dd la ...............................................................................

V du : .

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b. Muoi trung hoa tao bi goc baz yeu va goc axit manh , khitan trong nc .....................................................................................b thuy phan, moi trng cua dung dch la .............................

V du : ..............................................................

c. Muoi trung hoa tao bi goc baz manh va goc axit manh ,khi tan trong .......................................................................................... ,moi trng cua dung dch ...............................................................

V du: .................................................................

d. Muoi trung hoa tao bi cation cua baz yeu va anion gocaxit yeu, khi tan trong nc ...............................................................

...............................................................................................................moi trng cua dung dch................................................................

V du: .........................................................

BAI 7: LUYEN TAP

PHAN NG TRAO OI ION TRONG DUNG DCH CAC CHAT IEN

LI

I. KIEN THC CAN NAM VNG

1. ieu kien xay ra phan ng trong dung dch chat ien lila g ? cho v du ?

2. Phan ng thuy phan cua muoi la g ? Nhng trnghp nao xay ra phan ng thuy phan ?

3. Phng trnh ion rut gon co y ngha g ? Neu cach vietphng trnh ion rut gon ?

II. BAI TAP

Bai 1 : Viet phng trnh ion rut gon cua cac phan ng sau(neu co) xay ra trong dung dch :

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a. MgSO4 + NaNO3 b. Pb(NO3)2 + H2S

c. Pb(OH)2 + NaOH d. Na2SO3 + H2O

e .Cu(NO3)2 + H2O g. AgBr2 + Na2S2O3

[Ag(S2O3)2]3-

h.Na2SO3+HCl i.Ca(HCO3)2 + HCl .

Bai 2: Hay chon nhng y ung .

Phan ng trao ion trong dung dch cac chat ien li ch xay rakhi :

a. Cac chat tham gia phan ng phai la chat de tan .

b. Mot so ion trong dung dch ket hp c vi nhau lamgiam nong o cua chung

c. Tao thanh t nhat mot chat ien ly yeu hoac chat t tan .

d. Cac chat tham gia phan ng phai la nhng chat ien limanh .

.Bai 3 :Rau qua kho c bao quan bang kh SO2 thngcha mot lng nho hp chat co goc SO32- . e xac nh sco mat ion SO-23 trong hoa qua ,mot hoc sinh ngam mot tqua au trong nc .Sau mot thi gian loc lay dung dch roicho tac dung vi dung dch H2O2 (chat oxy hoa ) , sau o chotac dung tiep vi dung dch BaCl2 .Viet cac phng trnh ionrut gon the hien cac qua trnh xay ra .

Bai 4 : Nhng hoa chat sau thng c dung trong congviec noi tr : muoi an ;giam ; bot n NH4HCO3 ;phen chuaK2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O ; muoi iot (NaCl+KI) . Hay dung cacphan ng cac phan ng hoa hoc e phan biet chung .Vietphng trnh ion rut gon cua cac phan ng .

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Bai 5 : Hoa tan hoan toan 0,1022g mot muoi kim loai hoa trhai MCO3 trong 20ml dung dch HCl 0,08M .e trung hoa HCl dcan 5,64ml dung dch NaOH 0,1M .Tm xem M la kim loai g .

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CHNG 2: NHOM NIT

BAI 9: KHAI QUAT VE NHOM NIT

I. V TR CUA NHOM NIT TRONG BANG TUAN HOAN

- Thuoc nhom .. trong BTH .

- Nhom Nit gom : ............................................................................

- Chung eu thuoc cac nguyen to. .

II. TNH CHAT CHUNG CUA CAC NGUYEN TO NHOMNIT

1. Cau hnh electron cua nguyen t :

- Cau hnh lp electron ngoai cung : ............

.....................................................

- trang thai c ban , nguyen t cua cac nguyen to nhomnit co electron oc than , do o trong cachp chat chung co. .

- oi vi cac nguyen to : P , As , Sb trang thai kch thch co. elctron oc than nen trong hp chat chungco..

.................................................................

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2 . S bien oi tnh chat cua cac n chat :

a. Tnh oxi hoa kh :

- Trong cac hp chat cua chung co cac so oxi hoa : .............

Rieng Nit con co cac so oxi hoa : .............................................

Cac nguyen to nhom Nit he hien tnh....................................

- Kha nang oxi hoa .. t niten bitmut .

b. Tnh kim loai - phi kim :

- i t nit en bitmut , tnh phi kim cua cac nguyen to

, ong thi tnh kim loai ...................................

...............................................................................................................

3. S bien oi tnh chat cua cac hp chat :

a. Hp chat vi hiro : co cong thc chung la

- o ben nhiet cua cac hirua ..

t NH3 en BiH3 .- Dung dch cua chung tnh axt .

b. Oxit va hiroxit :

- So oxi hoa cao nhat oi vi oxi :

- o ben cua hp chat vi so oxihoa +5 :..

- Vi N va P so oxi hoa .. la ac trng .- T nit en bitmut, tnh axit cua cac oxit va hiroxit tng ng.. ong thi tnh baz cua chung..

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BAI 10: NIT

I CAU TAO PHAN T :

- Cau hnh electron: ...........................

- Cong thc electron : ......................

- Cong thc cau tao : ...............

Hai nguyen t nit lien ket vi nhau bang .................................II TNH CHAT VAT LY :

- La chat kh khong mau , khong mui , khong v , hi nhe hn

khong kh , hoa long - 1960

C, hoa ran:-2100

C- Tan rat t trong nc , khong duy tr s chay va s song .

III . TNH CHAT HOA HOC

- Nit co ENN = 946 kJ/mol , nhiet o thng nit ...................nhng nhiet o cao .

- Nit the hien tnh .............................................................................

1 . Tnh oxi hoa :

a. Tac dung vi hiro :

ieu kien xay ra phn ng ...............................................................

N2 + H2 .................................. H = - 92kJ

Nhan xet: ...........................................................................................

b. Tac dung vi kim loai : .........

nhiet o thng, .........................................................................

Li + N2 ....................................

nhiet o cao, ..............................................................................

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Mg + N2 ........................................

Nit the hien tnh ........................................... .

2 . Tnh kh :

- nhiet o .....................................................

N2 + O2 ............................... H=180KJ

Nhan xet: ...........................................................................................

Nit the hien tnh ...................................... .

- Kh NO ............................. :

NO + O2 .....................................(khong mau).....................................

- Cac oxit khac nh N2O , N2O3 , N2O5 khong ieu che trc tiept nit va oxi .

IV. TRANG THAI THIEN NHIEN VA IEU CHE :

1. Trang thai thien nhien :

- dang t do : chiem khoang 80% the tch khong kh , ton tai2 ong v :14N (99,63%) , 15N(0,37%) .

- dang hp chat , nit co nhieu trong khoang vat NaNO3(Diem tieu ) : co co trong thanh phan cua protein , axitnucleic , . . . va nhieu hp chat hu c thien nhien .

2 ieu che :

a. Trong cong nghiep :

- Trong cong nghiep, nit c san xuat bang phng phap . . . ,thu nit -196 0C , van chuyen trong cac bnh thep , nen diap suat 150 at .

b. Trong phong th nghiem :

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- un dung dch bao hoa muoi amoni nitrit ( Hon hp NaNO2 vaNH4Cl ) :

NH4NO2 ................................................

.............................................................

V NG DUNG :

- La mot trong nhng thanh phan dinh dng chnh cua thcvat .

- Trong cong nghiep dung e tong hp NH3 , t o san xuatra phan am , axt nitrc . . . Nhieu nghanh cong nghiep nhluyen kim , thc pham , ien t . . . S dung nit lam moi

trng .

BAI 11: AMONIAC VA MUOI AMONI

A. AMONIAC

I . CAU TAO PHAN T :

- CT e CTCT

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-Phan t NH3 co cau tao.................................. , ayla....................................... .

- Phan t NH3 la .............................................. .

II. TNH CHAT VAT LY :

- La chat kh mau , mui. , khong kh .

- Kh NH3 .. nc , taothanh co tnh .

III. TNH CHAT HOA HOC1 . Tnh baz yeu :

a. Tac dung vi nc :

Khi tan trong nc:

NH3 + H2O ....................................

Trong dung dch, amoniac la

. ( 250C, Kb =1,8.105).

- Dung dch amoniac lam phenolphtalein t khong mau chuyensang .., quy tm chuyen sangmau.

dung .. enhan biet kh amoniac.

b. Tac dung vi axt : ..

Vdu:

2NH3 + H2SO4 .....................................

Phng trnh ion rut gon: .................

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NH3(k) + HCl(k) ......................................hien tng...........................

Phan ng nay c dung e .

c. Tac dung vi dung dch muoi ...........................................

V du:

AlCl3 + NH3 + H2O ...........................

PT ion rut gon: ...........................................

FeCl2 + NH3 + H2O ............................

PT ion rut gon: ...........................................

2 . Kha nang tao phc :

Dung dch amoniac co khanang .................................................................. mot so kim loai ,tao thanh .................................

V du :

Cu(OH)2 + NH3 ..........................

- Phng trnh ion :...............................

..........................

AgCl + 2NH3 ........................................

- Phng trnh ion :...............................

..........................

=>S tao thanh cac ion phc la do s ket hp cac phan tNH3 bang ..............................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

3 . Tnh kh :

a. Tac dung vi oxi :

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- Khi ot trong kh O2, amoniac chay vi ngon la

NH3 + O2 .......................................

- Khi co xuc tac :

4NH3 +5O2............................................

b. Tac dung vi clo :

- Kh NH3 .................................................... trong kh Clo tao ngon la....................... :

NH3 + Cl2 ......................................

- ................................. la nhng .................................. sinh ra do khHCl va tao thanh hoa hp vi NH3 .

c. Tac dung vi mot so oxit kim loai:

- Khi un nong , NH3 co the kh oxit cua mot so kim loaithanh ..................................

V du :

NH3 + CuO .................................

IV. NG DUNG :

SGK

V. IEU CHE :

1. Trong phong th nghiem :

- ...............................................................................................................

.......................... :VD: NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 ............

- ........................................................... .

2 . Trong cong nghiep:

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Trong cong nghiep amoniac c tong hp t kh .......................

.............................................................

Vi nhiet o : ..

Ap suat :

Chat xuc tac : .

B. MUOI AMONI

I. TNH CHAT VAT LY :

- La nhng chat tinh the ion , Phan t ........................................ .

- Muoi amoni . trong nc va khi tanien ly ............................... .

V du : NH4Cl......................................

Ion NH4+ khong co mau .

II . TNH CHAT HOA HOC

1 . Tac dung vi dung dch kiem .........................................

VD : (NH4)2SO4 + NaOH ................................... . (1).........................................................................

Phan ng nay dung e .........................................................

Ngoai ra, muoi amoni con co the tham gia phn ng ...................

VD: .........................................................................................................

2 Phan ng nhiet phan :

Khi un nong cac muoi amoni de b nhiet phan , tao thanhnhng san pham khac nhau .

a. Muoi amoni tao bi axt khong co tnh oxihoa : .....

V du:

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NH4Cl(r ) ............................................

Cac muoi amoni cacbonat va amoni hidrocacbonat b phan huycham ngay nhiet o thng.

(NH4)2CO3 ..........................................

NH4HCO3...........................................

b. Muoi tao bi axt co tnh oxihoa :

V du :

NH4NO2 ......................................

NH4NO3 ......................................

Nhng phn ng nay c s dung e .........................................