VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & · PDF file · 2017-03-12... Ist...

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VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

III B. Tech, Ist Semester (Mechanical Engineering)

Subject : DYNAMICS OF MACHINERY

Subject Code : 13MED010

Academic Year : 2016 – 17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 4 + 1

Total number of periods planned: 70

Name of the Faculty Member: K.NAGENDRA BABU/H NARESH

Course Objectives:

Study the construction methods like Klien’s, velocity polygons, acceleration diagrams

etc for drawing various mechanisms.

Identify the significance of the principles of equilibrium, super position, virtual

work& D’Alembert’s principle.

Familiarize with the methods of static &dynamic stability.

Course Outcomes (COs): Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

CO-1: Show the engineering applications involving the selection and design of

machine components with respect to the forces developed.

CO-2: Check whether the proposed design is satisfactory.

CO-3: Analyze and design flywheels, governors and gyroscopes to withstand forces.

UNIT : I

Syllabus:

PRECESSION: Gyroscopes, effect of precessional motion on the stability of moving

vehicles such as motor car, motor cycle, aeroplanes and ships

STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS : Static force analysis of planar mechanisms

DYNAMIC FORCE ANALYSIS: Dynamic force analysis of planar mechanisms

Learning Objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

1) Define precessional motion and gyroscopic effect on vehicles

2) Describe the application of gyroscopic principles to motor car, motor cycle, aeroplanes and

ships

3) Identify the direction of motion due to gyroscopic effect

4) Define static force analysis and dynamic force analysis

5) Draw the freebody diagrams and identify the forces acting by graphical methods

6) Solve the magnitudes and determine the direction of forces transmitted

7) Describe the effect of inertia forces on the body

8) Solve the problems for determining the torque.

2

Lecture Plan

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Introduction-Gyroscopes, effect of

precessional motion on the stability of

moving vehicles

1st & 2

nd hour PPT + Video

2. effect of precessional motion on the stability

of moving vehicles -motor car

3rd

& 4th

hour Black board + Video


of moving vehicles -motor cycle

5th

hour Black board


of moving vehicles – aeroplanes

6th



of moving vehicles - ships.

7th

hour Black board

6. Introduction-free body diagrams 8th

hour Black board + PPT

7. conditions of equilibrium-two and three force

members

9th

& 10th


8. Inertia forces and D’Alembert’s principle 11th

hour Black board

9. planar rotation about a fixed centre 12th

hours Black board + Video

10. Three position synthesis- four position

synthesis

13th

& 14th

hour Black board

11. precision positions-structural error

Chebyshev’s spacing, Freudenstein’s

Equation, problems.

15th

,16th

&17th

hour

Black board

Assignment – 1

(1)A disc with radius of gyration 60 mm and a mass of 4 Kg is mounted centrally on a

horizontal axle of length 800 mm between bearings. It spins about the axle at 800 rpm

counter clockwise when viewed from the right hand side bearing. The axle precesses about a

vertical axis at 50 rpm in the clockwise direction when viewed from above. Determine the

resultant reaction at each bearing due to the mass and gyroscopic effect.

(2)An aircraft is flying at 300 Km/ hr .It turns towards left completing 1 /4 th of a circle of 80

m radius .The mass of the engine and the other parts is 520 Kg with radius of gyration of 345

mm. The engine is running at 2400 rpm clockwise when seen from rear. Calculate the

gyroscopic couple and its effect.

(3)The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2.2 tonnes and rotates at 1800 rpm clockwise

when viewed from the aft. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 320 mm. Determine the

gyroscopic couple and its effect when

(a) Ship turns right at a radius of 250 mm with a speed of 25 Km/hr

(b)The ship pitches with the bow rising at an angular velocity of 0.8 rad/sec

(c)Ship rolls at an angular velocity of 0.1 rad/sec

(4)A four wheeled motor car of mass 2 tonnes has a height of C.G 600 mm above the ground

level. The engine parts and transmission are equivalent to a flywheel of 80 Kg with a radius

of gyration of 150 mm and their coincides with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle .The car

negotiates a curve of 60 m radius at 72 Km/hr with the overall gear ratio of 4.The radius of

the road wheel is 300 mm and its moment of inertia is 3 Kgm2.Assume wheel track as 1.5 m.

Determine the reaction at each road wheel

3

(5)Each wheel of a motor cycle is 500 mm diameter and has a M.I of 1.1Kgm2. The total

mass of the motor cycle with its rider is 220 Kg and the center of mass is 500 mm above the

ground level. The M.I of the rotating parts of the engine is 0.25 Kg m2.The engine speed is 4

times the speed of the wheels and in the same sense .Determine the angle of heel necessary

when the motor cycle takes a turn of 40 m radius at a speed of 50 Km/hr.

UNIT : II

Syllabus:

CLUTCHES: Friction clutches, Single disc or plate clutch, multiple disc clutch, cone clutch& centrifugal

clutch.

BRAKES AND DYNAMOMETERS: Simple block brakes, internal expanding brake, band brake of vehicle.

Dynamometers - absorption and transmission types- general description and method of

operation.


1) Define the types of friction

2) Describe the effect of friction in engineering problems

3) Solve for efficiency and torque of a machine

4) Describe the effect of friction on bearings

5) define uniform wear and uniform pressure,

6) define boundary friction and film lubrication

7) Describe a brake and its importance in engg. applications

8) Solve for the torque transmitted

9) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle before coming to rest

10) Solve for the calculation of power and torque transmitted

11) Define a clutch and calculate the various forces acting on the clutches

12) Define a brake and dynamometer

13) Calculate the braking torque in brakes and clutches

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction -Friction clutches 18th

hour PPT + Video

2. Single disc or plate clutch, multiple disc

clutch

19th

hours Black board

3. cone clutch& centrifugal clutch 20th


4. Simple block brakes, internal expanding

brake

21th

hours Black board

5. band brake of vehicle 22th

& 23th

hours Black board

6. Dynamometers – absorption types 24rd&

25th


7. transmission types 226th

& 27th

hour Black board

8. general description and method of operation.

28th

,29th

& 30th

hour

Black board + Video

4

Assignment - 2

(1)An effort of 1500N is required to just move a certain body up an inclined plane of

150,force acting parallel to the plane.If the angle is increased to 180 ,the effort required is

2000N.Determine the weight of the body and the coefficient of friction.

(2)The mean diameter of the screw jack having a pitch of 10 mm is 50 mm.A load of 20kN is

lifted through a distance of 170 mm.Find the workdone in lifting the load and the efficiency

of the screw jack when

(a)The load rotates with the screw

(b)The load rests on the loose head which does not rotate with the screw The external

diameter and internal diameter of the bearing surface of loose head area 50 mm and 10 mm

respectivesly.Assume the coefficient of friction of the screw and the bearing surface as 0.1

(3)The mean diameter of whitworth bolt having V-threads is 20 mm.The pitch is 5 mm and

the included angle of the V-thread is550 .The bolt is tightened by s nut whose mean diameter

is 37.5 mm.The coefficient of friction for the nut and bolt is 0.1 and for the nut and bearing

surface is 0.2.Determine the force required at the end of a spanner of 0.4 m long when the

losd on the bolt is 60 kN.

(4)The thrust of a propeller shaft in a marine engine is taken up by a number of collars

integral with the shaft which is 300 mm in diameter.The thrust on the shaft is 20 x 104N and

speed is 90 rpm.Assume the intensity of pressure is uniform and equal to 0.3 MPa.Find the

external diameter of the collar and the number of collars required if the power lost in friction

is 20kW.Take μ

(5)A single plate clutch effective of both sides is required to transmit 25 kW at 3000

rpm.Determine the outer and inner radii of the friction surface if μ is 0.255,the ratio of radii is

1.25 and the maximum pressure is not to exceed 0.1 N/ mm2.Also determine the axial thrust

to be provided by the springs .Assume uniform wear theory.

(6)A cone clutch transmits 30kW at 600 rpm.The coefficient of friction is 0.23 and the

permissible intensity of pressure is 350kN/m2 .The semi cone angle is 12.50 .The outer

diameter is 300 mm .Assume uniform wear theory and find

(a) the inner diameter

(b)face width of the clutch

(c)force required to engage the clutch

(7) A band brake exerts a torque of 1500Nm.The drum is 50 mm wide and has a diameter of

500 mm. If the maximum pressure between the drum and the lining if 0.7 Mpa and μ=0.3 find

the angle of contact between the band and the drum.

(8) A band brake used for a winch is wound round a drum of 0.75 m diameter keyed to the

shaft .The two ends of the band are attached to the pins on the opposite sides of the fulcrum

of the brake lever at a distance of 25 mm and 100 mm from the fulcrum. The angle of lap is

2400 and μ=0.25.Find the torque which can be applied by the brake when a force of 500N is

applied to the lever at a distance of 1 m from the fulcrum with

the force acting downwards.

5

(9)In a band and block brake, the band is lined with 14 blocks each of which subtends an

angle of 20 0 at the drum Centre. One end of the band is attached to the fulcrum of the lever

and the other end to a pin 150 mm from the fulcrum to give a breading torque of 4000 Nm.

The diameter of the brake drum is 1 m and the coefficient of friction is 0.25.Determine the

force required at the end of the lever of length 1.5 m.

(10)A four wheeler of weight 3000N has its C.G 0.6 m above the ground level moves on a

level road with a speed of 36 km/hr. The wheel base is 2.4m and the C.G is 0.9 m in front of

the back axle and 1.5 m behind the front axle. Find the minimum distance in which the car

may be stopped

when

(a)the brakes are applied to the rear wheels

(b) the brakes are applied to the front wheels

(c) the brakes are applied to all the four wheels

The coefficient of friction between the tyre and the road surface is 0.5

(11) Describe with sketches the different types of dynamometers and calculate the power

transmitted in each case

UNIT : III

Syllabus:

TURNING MOMENT DIAGRAMS AND FLYWHEELS:

TURNING MOMENT: Inertia torque-angular velocity and acceleration of connecting rod, crank effort and torque

diagrams- Fluctuation of energy-design of flywheels.

GOVERNORS: Watt, Porter and Proell governors, Spring loaded governors- Hartnell and Hartung with

auxiliary springs, Sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting.


1) Define turning moment and inertia torque

2) Compare the turning moment diagrams with the actual machines to predict the

Performance

3) Define fluctuation of energy, maximum fluctuation of energy and coefficient of fluctuation

Of energy

4) Describe the function of flywheel

5) Solve for the energy fluctuations in engine

6) Determine the dimensions of flywheel for safe design Compare the functions of governor

And flywheel

7) Regulate the speed of the engine

8) Solve for the equilibrium speed of the governor for stability

9) Define sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting

10) Describe the effect of controlling force in governors

6

Lecture Plan


1. Inertia torque-angular velocity 31st & 32

nd hour Black board + Video

2. acceleration of connecting rod 33rd

& 34th


3. crank effort and torque diagrams 35th

& 36th


4. Fluctuation of energy-design of flywheels 37th

& 38th


5. Watt, Porter and Proell governors 39th

& 40th


6. Spring loaded governors 41st & 42

nd hour Black board

7. Hartnell and Hartung with auxiliary springs 43rd

& 44th

hour PPT + Video

8. Sensitiveness, isochronism and hunting 45th

& 46th


Assignment – 3

(1) An engine shaft runs at a mean speed of 5 rps . The torque required by the engine varies

uniformly from 500 Nm to 2500Nm while the shaft runs through 900, remains constant for

the next 1800, decreases uniformly to 500 Nm in 900 and remains constant for the next one

revolution. The whole cycle is repeated thereafter. The power is supplied by a constant torque

motor and the fluctuations of speed is limited to +/_ 3% of the mean speed. Determine (a)

power of the motor (b) M.I of the flywheel

(2) A single cylinder single acting four stroke gas engine develops 20kW at 300 rpm. The

work done by the gases during the expansion stroke is three times the wok done on the gases

during the compression stroke, the work done during the suction and exhaust strokes is

negligible .If the total fluctuation of speed is not to exceed +/_ 2% of the mean speed and the

turning moment diagram is assumed to be triangular in shape ,find the moment of inertia of

the flywheel.

(3) In a turning moment diagram for a multi-cylinder engine taken in order are as follows

-30, +400, -280, +275, -320, +290, -340, +375, -370mm2.The scales for the T.M diagram

are1 mm = 650 Nm on y-axis , 1mm =4.50 on x-axis. The mean speed of the engine is

500rpm and the fluctuation of speed is not to exceed 2% of the mean speed .Determine

(a)diameter of the flywheel

(b) cross-section of the flywheel rim

if the cross section is rectangular with the width 2 times the thickness. Neglect the effect of

arms. Assume the density of the rim material as 7000 Kg/m3 and hoop stress in the material

is 7 x 106 N/m2.

(4) The torque of a three crank engine is given by (6000+ 1200 sin3θ)Nm. The M.I of the

flywheel is 900 kgm2 and the mean speed of the engine is 300 rpm.determine

(a) The power of the engine

(b)the total fluctuation of speed when(i) the resisting torque is constant . (ii)the resisting

torque is( 6000+ 720 sinθ)Nm

(5)A machine punches 50 mm diameter holes in a 40 mm thick plate and does 60Nm of work

per square cm of sheared area. The punch has a stroke of 120 mm and punches one hole in

every 12 seconds. The maximum and minimum speeds of the flywheel are 30m/sec and

24m/sec respectively during each punching operation.

Determine (a)power of the motor (b) mass of the flywheel

7

(6) a Porter governor has equal arms of 250mm length. The mass of each ball is 2Kg and the

central mass is 12Kg .When the ball radius is 150mm, the valve is fully opened and when the

radius is 185 mm the valve is closed. Find the maximum speed and the range of speed. If the

maximum speed is to be increased by 20% by an addition to the load, find the additional load

required.

(7)The mass of each ball of a Proell governor is 7.5 Kg and the load on the sleeve is 80

Kg.Each of the arms is 300 mm long .The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation

whereas lower arms are pivoted at 40mm from the axis of rotation. The extensions of the

lower arms to which balls are attached are 100 mm long and are parallel to the governor axis

at minimum radius.Determine the equilibrium speeds corresponding to the extreme radii of

180mm and 240 mm.

(8)A Hartnell governor has a speed range of 390 rpm to 410rpm for a lift of 20mm. The

sleeve arm and the ball arm are 100mm and 150mm respectively. The radius of rotation of

the balls is 150mm from the governor axis when the ball arm is vertical and the speed of the

governor is minimum. If the mass of the ball is 2Kg each ,determine (a)load on the springs

for maximum and minimum speeds (b) spring rate

UNIT : IV

Syllabus:

BALANCING: Balancing of rotating masses – single and multiple-single and different planes-balancing of

reciprocating masses-primary and secondary balancing- analytical and graphical methods. UNBALANCED FORCES AND COUPLES: Balancing of V,multi cylinder inline and radial engines for primary, secondary balancing and

locomotive balancing.


1) Define balancing of rotating masses

2) Describe the impact of balancing on high speed engines

3) Solve for the location of balancing mass for stability

4) Define balancing of reciprocating masses

5) Describe the impact of balancing on high speed engines

6) Solve for the location of balancing mass for stability

7) Define primary and secondary forces and couples

8) Solve for the balancing of these forces and couples

9) Define hammer blow, swaying couple and tractive forces on locomotives

10) Describe the effect of hammer blow, swaying couple and tractive forces on locomotives

11) Solve for the magnitudes of these forces

12) Identify the maximum speed at which the engine can run with stability

13) Balance the disturbing forces and couples to minimize vibrations

Lecture Plan

S. No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Balancing of rotating masses 47th

hour Video

2. single and multiple-single and different

planes

48th

& 49th


3. balancing of reciprocating masses 50th

& 51st hours Black board

4. primary and secondary balancing- analytical 52nd

& 53rd

hours Black board

8

and graphical methods.

5. Balancing of V, multi cylinder inline 54th

hour PPT + Video

6. Balancing of radial engines for primary,

secondary balancing and locomotive

balancing.

55th

& 56th

hours Black board

Assignment - 4

(1)Four masses A,B,C,D are completely balanced. Masses C and D make angles of 900 and

2100 respectively with mass B in the same sense. The planes containing B and C are 300 mm

apart. Masses A,B,C,D are supposed to be concentrated at radii of 360,480,240,300 mm

respectively. The masses B,C and D are 15 Kg,25Kg and 20 Kg respectively .

Determine (1) mass A and its angular position

(2)the planes on which the mass A and D are placed

(2)A single cylinder reciprocating engine has the reciprocating mass 50Kg and stroke 300

mm, crank speed 120 rpm, mass of reciprocating parts30Kg at a radius of 150 mm. If 2/3 of

the reciprocating parts and total rotating parts are to be balanced, determine

(i) The balancing mass required at a radius of 310 mm

(ii) Unbalanced force when the crank has turned 400 from the top dead center.

(3)A twin inside cylinder locomotive has its cylinders at 750 mm apart and the cranks are at

right angles. The rotating parts are 300 Kg at a crank radius of 300mm and reciprocating

masses are 450 Kg .All the revolving parts and 2/3 of the reciprocating parts are to be

balanced. The driving wheels are 1.8 m in diameter and the distance between the wheel

Centre’s is 1,55m. When the engine runs at 60Km per hour, determine

(i) Magnitude and direction of balancing masses placed at a radius of 0.6 m

(ii) Variation in tractive force

(iii) Swaying couple

(iv) Hammer blow

(4)An engine having 5 cylinders in line has successive cranks 1440apart.The distance

between the cylinder centre lines is 400 mm. The reciprocating mass for each cylinder is 16

Kg and the crank radius is 100 mm and connecting rod length is 440mm.The engine runs at

600 rpm. Examine engine for balance of primary and secondary forces and couples.

Determine the maximum values of these and position of the central crank at which these

occur.

(5)The position of 600 V-twin engine has a stroke of 120mm.The connecting rods operate on

the same crank which is 200mm long .The mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 1.5

Kg and the speed is 3000 rpm .Find the maximum and minimum values of primary and

secondary forces and the corresponding crank positions.(6)A three cylinder radial engine

driving a common crank has cylinders spaced at 1200.The stroke is 125mm and the

connecting rod is 225 mm .The mass of the reciprocating parts per cylinder is 2 Kg .Calculate

the primary and secondary

Forces at a crank speed of 1200 rpm

9

UNIT : V

Syllabus:

VIBRATIONS: Free vibration of mass attached to a vertical spring - simple problems on forced damped

vibration. Vibration isolation and transmissibility- Whirling of shafts, critical speeds,

torsional vibrations, two and three rotor systems.


1) Define longitudinal and transverse vibrations

2) Describe the effect of vibratory motion in machines

3) Define dunkerley’s and raleigh’s methods

4) Solve for the frequency of longitudinal and transverse vibrations using different

Methods

5) State the effect of inertia of shafts in vibrations

6) Define critical speeds

7) Describe the effect of damping

8) Define logarithmic decrement in damped vibrations

9) Define magnification factor, vibration isolation and transmissibility

10) Compare longitudinal and transverse vibrations

11) Solve for the frequency of longitudinal , transverse and torsional vibrations

.

Lecture Plan

S. No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Free vibration of mass attached to a vertical

spring

57th

& 58th


2. simple problems on forced damped

vibration

59th

& 60th

hours Black board

3. Vibration isolation and transmissibility 61st & 62

nd hours Video

4. Whirling of shafts 63rd

& 64th

hours Video

5. critical speeds 65th

& 66th

hours Black board

6 torsional vibrations 67th

&68Th

hours Black board

7 two and three rotor systems 69th

&70th

hours Black board

Assignment - 5

(1)Calculate the equivalent spring stiffness and the natural frequency of the following

vibrating systems for a mass of 12 kg.

(i)The mass m is suspended by a spring of stiffness 5 N / mm

(ii) The mass m is suspended at the bottom of two springs of stiffness 5N/mm and 8N/mm

respectively.

(iii)The mass is fixed to the midpoint of a spring of stiffness 8N/mm.

(2)A vibrating system is defined by the following parameters m=5Kg, K=100N/m, C =

5N/m/s

Determine: (a) critical damping coefficient

(b) Damping factor

10

(c) Natural frequency of the damped vibrations

(d) Logarithmic decrement

(e) Ratio of two successive amplitudes

(f) The number of cycles required at which the original amplitude is reduced to 40%.

(3)A gun barrel of mass 500Kg has a recoil spring of stiffness 300000N/m.If the barrel

Recoils 1.5 m on firing, determine:

(a) Initial velocity of the barrel

(b) critical damping coefficient of the dashpot which is engaged at the end of recoil

(c) The time required for the barrel to return to a position 60mm from the initial position

(4) A 1000Kg machine is mounted on four identical springs with equivalent spring stiffness

of 1.96 x 106 N/m and negligible damping .The machine is subjected to a harmonic force of

600N with a frequency of 240 rpm. Determine

(a) the amplitude of motion of the machine

(b)force transmitted to the foundation

(5) A shaft 300 mm diameter, 1.5 m long is simply supported at its ends. It is subjected to

point loads of 1kN,1.5 kN and 2kN at distance of 400,600,800 mm from left hand support

respectively. Assuming the mass of the shaft as 550Kg/m length, determine the natural

frequency of transverse vibrations .Assume E = 2 x 105 MN/m2.

(6)A rotor of mass 15 Kg is mounted midway on a shaft of 30mm diameter supported by two

bearings at its ends .The span between the bearings is 1200 mm. Due to some manufacturing

defect,the C.G of the rotor is 0.05 mm away from the geometric Centre of the rotor. If the

shaft rotates at 2500rpm, determine the amplitude of the steady state vibrations and the

dynamic force on the bearings .Take E = 200 GN/m2

.

(7)Three rotors A,B and C having a M.I of 2000,6000 and 3500 Kgm2 respectively are

carried on a uniform shaft of 0.53 m diameter. The length of the shaft between rotors A and B

is 6 m and between B and C is 32 m .Find the natural frequency of torsional vibrations taking

the modulus of rigidity of the shaft material as 80 GN/m2.

TEXT BOOKS

1.Theory of Machines by Thomas Bevan; Publisher: Pearson Education.

2. Theory of Machines by S. S. Ratan; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.

REFERENCES

1. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms by P. L. Ballaney; Publisher: Khanna.

2. Mechanism and Machine Theory by J. S. Rao and R. V. Dukkipati; Publisher: New

Age.

3. Kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery by R. L. Norton; Publisher: McGraw Hill.

4. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms by Uicker, Pennock & Shigley; Publisher:

Oxford.

11


(Autonomous)


II B. Tech, Ist Semester (Mechanical Engineering)

Subject : Mechanical Engineering Design - I

Subject Code : 13MED 011




Total number of periods planned : 80

Name of the Faculty Member : Dr. G. S. Gupta / V. Anandkumar

Course Objectives:

Understand different properties of Materials and relationship between them.

Understand the principles of stress, strain and Principal stresses as applied to Solid bodies or structural and machine elements under loads.

Understand to form mathematical equation and analyze problems by making appropriate a s s u m p t i o n s and learn systematic engineering method to solve practical Design engineering problems.


CO-1 : Model and analyze design problems in Mechanical and structural engineering.

CO-2 : Apply knowledge of standard elements and their technical information available in

the data bases and in designing machine elements.

CO-3 : Predict modes of failure in materials or machine elements caused by different types

of loads under operation.

UNIT-I

ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The Design Phase / Methodology, and identification of need, Evaluation and Presentation,

Reliability and Product liability. Mechanical Properties of Engineering Materials, overall

design considerations, Factor safety, Preferred Numbers. Standard and codes, design data

handbook. Load, stress and critical sections in machine parts. Static strength, plastic

deformation, temperature properties, Definition of stress, simple stress, combined stress,

complex stress. Members subjected to axial, bending, torsion and shear loading, impact

stresses.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of unit – I the student must be able to

1. Discuss the important phases of design

2. Explain the importance of standardization

3. Define factor of safety and explain its importance.

4. Enumerate manufacturing considerations in design.

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=d-eNe-VRc1oC&pg=PA22&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=4

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5. Discuss the terms codes and standards, Reliability.

6. Enumerate various types of stresses and develop the relation between them

7. Discuss the concept of stiffness in tension, bending, torsion and combined loading

situations.

Lecture Plan


Engineering Materials and Design Considerations

1 Introduction, The Design Phase /

Methodology. 1 PPT+Video

2 Identification of need, Evaluation and

Presentation, Reliability and Product liability. 2 PPT+Video

3 Mechanical Properties of Engineering

Materials. 1 PPT

4 Overall design considerations, Factor safety, 1 PPT

5 Preferred Numbers. Standard and codes,

design data handbook. 2 PPT, chalk & board

6 Load, stress and critical sections in machine

parts. 1 Chalk & board

7 Static strength, plastic deformation,

temperature properties, 1 PPT, chalk & board

8

Definition of stress, simple stress, combined

stress, complex stress. Members subjected to

axial, bending, torsion and shear loading,

impact stresses.

2 PPT, chalk & board

9 Tutorial 2 Chalk & board

Assignment 1:

1. Discuss general considerations in the design of Engineering material

2. State and explain various properties of Engineering materials

3. Explain various factors which govern the selection of engineering materials


5. Explain the terms Tolerances and fits and its importance in manufacturing of

materials.

6. Discuss BIS codes of steels

7. Enumerate various types of stresses and develop the relation between stress and

strain.

8. State and explain various theories of failures and their application in design of

engineering materials.


10. Discuss the term Design for strength and rigidity.

11. Explain the term preferred numbers.


situations.

13. Explain concept static strength design based on fracture toughness.

13

14. A machine member 0.05m diameter and 0.25 m long is supported at one end as a

cantilever. The transverse load at the free end is 2750 N causes bending, axial load is

13.75 KN and twisting moment at the free end is 250Nm. Determine principle stresses

and maximum shear stresses for the following cases.

(a)Bending and torsion loads

(b)Bending and axial loads

(c)Torsion and axial loads\

(d)Bending, axial and torsional loads

15. A bolt is subjected to an axial force of 10 KN with a transverse shear force of 5 KN.

The permissible tensile stress at elastic limit is 100 MPa and the poissions ratio is 0.3

for the bolt material. Determine the diameter of the bolt required according to each

theory of failure.

16. A shaft is designed based on maximum distortion energy theory with a factor of safety

of 2.0. The material used is 30C8 steel with a yield stress of 310 MPa. It is subjected

to an axial load of 40 KN. Determine the maximum torque capacity. Diameter of shaft

is 20 mm.

17. A 50 mm diameter steel shaft is supported on bearings 1.5m apart and carries a fly

wheel weighing ‘W’. The allowable bending stress for the shaft material and the

maximum deflection are limited to 100 MPa and 2 mm respectively. The young’s

modulus for the shaft material is 210 GPa. Determine the Maximum permissible

weight of the flywheel.

18. The diameter of a piston of the steam engine is 250 mm and the maximum steam

pressure is 0.8 N/mm2

, find the size of the piston rod.

19. A flange coupling is held together by four M24 bolts, and arranged on bolt circle of

150 mm. Each bolt is initially tightened to a load of 50 KN to make a tight joint. The

power transmitted by the coupling is 5Kw at a speed of 600 RPM. Estimate the

Maximum Normal and Shear Stresses in the Bolt Material.

20. A hollow shaft is required to transmit 600 KW at 110 rpm the maximum torque being

20% greater than the mean. The shear stress is not to exceed 63 MPa and twist in a

length of 3 meters not to exceed 1.4 degrees. Find the external diameter of the shaft, if

the internal diameter to the external diameter is 3/8. Take G = 84 GPa.

UNIT – II

DESIGN AGAINST FLUCTUATING LOAD

Stress concentration, stress concentration factors, Reduction stress concentration,

fluctuating stresses. Fatigue strength, Endurance Limit, fatigue test, S-N diagrams for

different structural materials. Low cycle and high cycle fatigue, Notch sensitivity, Design for

finite and infinite life. Soderberg and Goodman lines the fatigue strength, modified Goodman

theory.


14

Learning objectives: after successful completion of unit – II the student must be able to

1. Explain the terms stress concentration, theoretical stress concentration factor, fatigue

stress concentration factor, notch sensitivity and develop the relation between them.

2. Explain the S-N diagrams for different structural materials

3. Discuss the finite and infinite life.

4. Explain the Soderberg and Goodman lines the fatigue strength

5. Discuss the concept involved in Goodman’s line, Soderberg’s line and Modified

Goodman’s line.

Lecture Plan


Design against Fluctuating Load

1 Stress concentration, stress concentration

factors, 1 PPT+Video

2 Reduction stress concentration, Fluctuating

stresses. 1 PPT, chalk & board

3 Fatigue strength, Endurance Limit, 1 PPT, chalk & board

4 Fatigue test, S-N diagrams for different

structural materials. 1 PPT+Video

5 Low cycle and high cycle fatigue, Notch

sensitivity, 1 PPT, chalk & board

6 Design for finite and infinite life. 1 PPT, chalk & board

7 Soderberg and Goodman lines the fatigue

strength, 1 PPT

modified Goodman theory, 1 PPT

Tutorial 2 Chalk & board

Assignment 2:

1. A 40 mm diameter shaft is made of steel 50C4 (Sut = 660 N/mm

2

) and has a machined

surface. The expected reliability is 99%. The theoretical stress concentration factor for the

shape of the shaft is 1.6 and the notch sensitivity factor is 0.9. Determine the endurance

strength of the shaft.

2.A shaft supported as a simple beam, 0.45 mm long, is made of AISI 3120 steel. With the

shaft rotating a steady load of 8000 N is applied midway between the bearings. The surfaces

are ground. Indefinite life is desired with a factor of safety of 1.6 based on endurance

strength. What should be the minimum diameter of the shaft if there are no surface

discontinuities? Endurance limit is 630 MPa. Size factor is 0.85 and machine surface finish

factor 0.87.

(3) A leaf spring in an automobile is subjected to cyclical stresses.

2 2

15

(6) A bar of circular cross-section is subjected to alternating tensile forces varying from

a minimum of 200 kN to a maximum of 500kN. It is to be manufactured of a material

with an ultimate tensile strength of 900 MPa and an endurance limit of 700 MPa.

Determine the diameter of bar using safety factors of 3.5 related to ultimate tensile

strength and 4 related to endurance limit and a stress concentration factor of 1.65 for

fatigue load. Use Goodman straight line as basis for design.

(7) A steel connecting rod is subjected to a completely reversed axial load of 120 KN.

Suggest the suitable size of the rod using a factor of safety 1.8. The ultimate strength of

the material is 1000 MPa.

Load correction factor 0.7

Size factor0.85

Surface finish factor 0.8

(8) A pulley is keyed to a shaft midway between two anti-friction bearings. The bending

moment of the pulley varies from 150 Nm to 450 Nm as torsional moment of the shaft

varies from 50 Nm to 150 Nm. The frequency of variation of the loads is the same as

the shaft speed. The shaft is made of cold drawn steel having an ultimate strength of

550 MPa and yield strength of 310 MPa. Determine the required diameter for an

indefinite life. The stress concentration factor for the key way in bending and torsion

may be taken as 1.6 and 1.3 respectively. Use a design factor of 1.8, size factor 0.85 and

surface correction factor 0.88.

Use for torsion,

Size correction factor = 0.6 and

The nominal design torsion stress = 0.6 Yield point in tension.

(9) A shaft is made of steel ultimate tensile strength 700 MPa and yield point 420 MPa

is subjected to a torque varying from 200N m anti-clockwise to 600 Nm clockwise.

The average stress = 150 MPa, variable stress = 50 MPa, Ultimate stress = 630 MPa, Yield

point stress = 350 MPa and endurance limit = 150 MPa. Estimate under what factor of safety

the spring is working, by Goodman and Soderberg formulae.

(4) A stepped shaft transmits a torque varying from 800 Nm to 1200 Nm. The ratio of

diameter is 1.5and the stress concentration factor is 1.2. Determine the diameter of the shaft

for an infinite life for a design factor of safety 1.8. The Ultimate tensile strength of the

material of the shaft is 600 MPa. Yield stress of the material is 450 MPa. Consider the size

effect and surgace finish effect.

(5)A round shaft made of cold finished AISI 1020 steel is subjected to a variable torque

whose maximum value is 700 KN-m. For a factor of safety of 1.5 on the Soderberg criterion,

determine the diameter of the shaft if

a.The torque is reversed

b.The torque varies from zero to maximum

c.The torque varies from 300 Nm to a maximum

16

Calculate the diameter of the shaft if the factor of safetyis 2 and it is based on the yield

point and the endurance strength in shear.

(10) A hot rolled shaft is subjected to torsional load that varies from 320 Nm clockwise

to 120 Nm anti-clockwise and an applied bending moment at a critical section varies

from 400 Nm to 200 Nm. The shaft is of uniform cross section. Determine the required

shaft diameter. The material has an ultimate strength of 560 MPa and yield strength of

420 MPa. Assume factor of safety to be 2.

(11) Bending stress in a machine part fluctuate between a tensile stress of 280 MPa and

compressive stress of 140 MPa. What should be the minimum ultimate tensile strength

to carry this fluctuation indefinitely according to

(i)Goodman’s formula

(ii)Soderberg’s formula

The factor of safety may be assumed to be 1.75. Assume that yield point is never likely

to be less than 55% of the ultimate tensile strength or greater than 93 % of it.

17

UNIT- III

DESIGN OF FASTERNERS Temporary Fasteners (Bolted and Screwed Fasteners)

Bolted joints, bolted joint under initial loading, eccentrically loaded Bolted Joints under

different static load conditions.

Permanent Fasteners (Riveted and Welded Fasteners)

Riveted Joints, eccentrically loaded Riveted Joints, Design of Boiler Riveted joints, and

Welding symbols, butt and fillet welds, stress in the welded joints carries tension bending and

shear loading, Design of various types of Welding joints and eccentrically loaded welded

joints under different static load conditions.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of unit – III the student must be able to

1. Explain the Temporary Fasteners, Permanent Fasteners.

2. Discuss different types of bolted joints.

3. Explain importance of bolted joints.

4. Describe procedures for design of bolts with pre-stresses.

5. Discuss design of bolted and riveted joints under eccentric loading.

6. Explain importance of welding.

7. Explain Torsion in welded joints.

8. Calculate strength of welded joints.

9. Explain the eccentrically loaded welded joints under different static load conditions.

Lecture Plan


Design of fasteners

1 Temporary Fasteners (Bolted and Screwed

Fasteners), Introduction, Bolted joints,


2 Bolted joint under initial loading,

1 PPT+Video

3 Eccentrically loaded Bolted Joints under

different static load conditions. 2 PPT, chalk & board

4 Tutorials 1 Chalk & board

5 Permanent Fasteners (Riveted and Welded Fasteners),

Introduction, Riveted Joints,

1 PPT+Video

6 Eccentrically loaded Riveted Joints,


7 Design of Boiler Riveted joints, 1 PPT, chalk & board

8 Introduction to welding, Welding symbols,

butt and fillet welds, Stresses in the welded

joints due to tension bending and shear

loading,


18

9 Design of various types of Welding joints

1 PPT+Video

10 Eccentrically loaded welded joints, Welded

joints under different static load conditions. 1 PPT, chalk & board


Assignment 3:

(1)A double riveted butt joint, in which the pitch of the rivets in the outer rows is twice that in

the inner rows, connects two 16 mm thick plates with two cover plates each 12 mm thick.

The diameter of the rivets is 22 mm. Determine the pitches of the rivets in the two rows if the

working stresses are not to exceed the following limits:

Tensile stress in plates = 100 MPa, Shear stress in rivets = 75 MPa and bearing

stresses in rivets and plates = 150 MPa.

Make a fully dimensioned sketch of the joint showing atleast two views.

[Question from Set No. 1, Nov. 2005/Regular

Examiniations]

(2)Two lengths of mild steel tie rod having width 200 mm are to be connected by means of

Lozenge joint with two cover plates to withstand a tensile load of 180 KN. Completely design

the joint, if the permissible stresses are 80 MPa in tension, 65 MPa in shear and 160 MPa in

crushing. Draw a neat sketch of the joint.

[Question fromSet No. 2, Nov. 2005/Regular

Examiniations]

(3)A triple riveted lap joint with zig-zag riveting is to be designed to connect two plates of 6

mm thickness. Determine the diameter of the rivet, pitch of rivets and distance between the

rows of the rivets. Indicate how the joint will fail. Also, find the efficiency of the joint. The

permissible stresses are 120 MPa in tension, 100 MPa in shear and 150 MPa in crushing.


Examiniations]

(4)A double riveted double cover butt joint in plates 20-mm thick is made with 25 mm

diameter rivets at 100 mm pitch. The permissible stresses are 120 MPa in tension, 100 MPa

in shear and 150 MPa in crushing. Find the efficiency of joint, taking the strength of the rivet

in double shear as twice than that of single shear.


Examiniations]

(5) A double riveted lap joint is made between 15 mm thick plates. The rivet diameter and

pitch are 25 mm and 75 mm respectively. If the ultimate stresses are 400 MPa in tension, 320

MPa in shear and 640 MPa in crushing, find the minimum force per pitch which will rupture

the joint.If the above joint is subjected to a load such that the factor of safety is two, find out

the actual stresses developed in the plates and the rivets.

[Question from Set No. 1, May 2005/Supplementary

Examiniations]

19

(6)Two plates 16 mm thick are joined by a double riveted lap joint. The pitch of each row of

rivets is 90 mm. The rivets are 25 mm in diameter. The permissible stresses are 140 MPa in

tension, 80 MPa in shear and 160 MPa in crushing. Find the efficiency of the joint.


Examiniations]

UNIT-IV

DESIGN OF FLEXIBLE MECHANICAL ELEMENTS

Belt Drives:

Introduction, classification of belts, belt materials, design of flat (rectangular) belts,

ratio of belt tensions, V-Belts, power transmitted through V-Belt, design of V-Belts.

Springs:

Classification of springs, spring material, Design of helical, leaf, disc and tensional

springs under constant loads and varying loads.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of unit –IV the student must be able to

1. Classify the different types of blets and belt materials

2. Discuss ratio of belt tensions

3. Explain the power transmitted by flat and V-belts

4. Discuss the classification of springs and special features of each.

5. Derive the relations between stress and load & deflection and load for any type of

spring.

6. Describe the design procedure when springs under fatigue loading.

7. Design the helical springs.

Lecture Plan

S.No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

Design of flexible mechanical elements

1 Belt Drives: Introduction, classification of belts,

belt materials, 2 PPT+Video

2 Design of flat belts, ratio of belt tensions, 2

PPT, chalk &

board

3 V-Belts, power transmitted through V-Belt,

Design of V-Belts. 3

PPT, chalk &

board

20

4 Springs: Classification of springs, spring material, 2 PPT+Video

5 Design of helical, leaf, disc and tensional springs

under constant load. 1

PPT, chalk &

board


under varying loads.

2 PPT, chalk &

board


Assignment 4:



spring.


4. Explain the concept of natural frequency of helical springs.

5. Derive the relations for energy storage capacity for various types of springs.

6. Differentiate the advantages of co-axial springs over other springs.

7. What are the different types of Belt used?

8. State the factors to be considered while selecting belt drive?

9. What is the difference between open and cross belt drive?

10. What are the different materials used for belt drive?

11. Which material is used for flat belt and v belt and rope drive?

12. State advantages & Disadvantages of V-belt over flat belt.

13. What is effect of following action taken are on belt adjusting mechanism.

14. Overtightening of pulley 2] under-tightening of pulley

15. Different between Flat belt and V – belt.

16. Define Angle of lap

17. What is slip in belts ? Write formula for % slip & state effect of slip on power

transmitted.

18. What do you mean by creep in belts ? What is its effect.?

19. What is crowning of pulley ? Why it is done.

20. What is centrifugal tension in belts ? What is its effect on power transmitted ? Write

condition for max power transmitted.

21. What do you mean by initial tension of the belt.

22. Derive expression for ratio of tension on tight side and slack side.

23. Two Parallel shafts are provided with pulleys 480mm and 640 mm diameters and

central distance is 3m. Find the length of 1) Crossed belt 2) Open belt.{Lc=7.843

meters, Lo=7.761 meters}

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q1-what-are-different-types-belt-used

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q2-state-factors-be-considered-while-selecting-belt-drive

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q3-what-difference-between-open-and-cross-belt-drive

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q4-what-are-different-materials-used-belt-drive

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q5which-material-used-flat-belt-and-v-belt-and-rope-drive

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q6-state-advantages-disadvantages-v-belt-over-flat-belt

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q7what-effect-following-action-taken-are-belt-adjusting-mechanism

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/1-overtightening-pulley-2-under-tightening-pulley

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q8-different-between-flat-belt-and-v-%E2%80%93-belt

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q9-define-angle-lap

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q10what-slip-belts-write-formula-slip-state-effect-slip-power-transmitted


http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q11what-do-you-mean-creep-belts-what-its-effect

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q12what-crowning-pulley-why-it-done

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q13what-centrifugal-tension-belts-what-its-effect-power-transmitted-write-condition-max


http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q14-what-do-you-mean-initial-tension-belt

http://www.mechdiploma.com/?q=content/q15-derive-expression-ratio-tension-tight-side-and-slack-side

21

24. Two pulleys having diameters 800mm and 600mm are 8m apart, are connected by

crossed belt drive. Calculate the change in the length if direction of rotation of the

driven pulley to be reversed. {

25. Two Shafts with centre to centre distance between them as 3.5 meters, are having two pulleys with radii equal to 640 mm and 370 mm respectively. Find the length of crossed belt. {Lc=10.46 m B) Problems on slip in belts

26. Find the diameter of driven pulley rotating at 500 rpm if the driver pulley is 250mm in diameter and rotates at 100 rpm by using flat belt drive with 5% slip and the belt thickness is 5 mm. {48.68 mm}

27. A shaft runs at 80 rpm and drives another shaft at 150 rpm through belt drive. the diameter of driving pulley is 600mm . Determine the diameter of the driven pulley taking belt thickness 5mm and slip 4%. {0.3023 m or 302.3mm}

28. The speed of driving pulley is 600 rpm and that of driven pulley is 1800 rpm. If diameter of driving is 500 mm and that of driven is 155 mm. find % slip in belt if belt is 4 mm thick.s= 3.45 %}

29. A spring for a spring balance is required to have deflection of 60mm for a load of

1500 N. Design the spring assuming spring index 6. Take shear stress as 360 Mpa and

modulus of rigidity as 84 GPa. find free length of spring.

30. Design a spring to take a load of 300 N with spring index 8 and shear stress 400

MPa...The spring should deflect by 15 mm under this load..Take G= 84 GPa.

31. Model QP 3] Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for

a deflection of 25mm using the value of spring index as 5 and Wahl’s correction

factor as 1.3. The maximum permissible shear stress for the spring wire is 400 Mpa

and modulus of rigidity 84 KN/mm2.

32. W-2013-8 marks 4] The spring of spring balance, elongates by 150 mm, when

subjected to a load of 400 N. the spring index is 6. Take permissible shear stress for

the wire material 540 MPa and G=84 Gpa..Determine

1) the wire diameter 2) the diameter of Coil 3) No of turns. {W-2010}

33. A helical spring is made from a wire of diameter 6mm diameter and has outside

diameter of 75 mm. If the permissible shear stress is 350 MPa and modulus of rigidity

is 84 kN/mm2. find the axial load which the spring can carry and the deflection per

active turn.

Take Wahl’s correction factor .

{W=383.4 N, {S-2009}

34. A closed coil helical spring is used for an automobile suspension system. The spring

has stiffness 85 N/mm with square and ground ends. The load on the spring causes a

22

total deflection of 9 mm. Taking permissible shear stress 400 MPa spring index 6 and

G=80 GPa.Find,

1) Wire diameter of spring, 2) Length of spring.

35. Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for a deflection

of 23mm using spring index 5. The maximum permissible shear stress is 420 MPa and

modulus of rigidity is 84 GPa.Find the pitch of spring assuming square and ground

ends.

{d=6.3 mm ,D=35 mm,n=13.44 turns, Lf=138.45, p=9.23 mm}S-2012 8

marks Important

36. Design a close coiled helical compression spring for a service load ranging from 2250

to 2750. The axial deflection of the spring for the load range is 6mm. Assume a spring

index of 5. , Neglect the effect of stress

concentration . Draw fully dimensioned sketch of the spring showing the details of the

finish of the end coils. Assume squared and ground ends.

{ pitch

=13.80mm}

37. Design a helical spring with square and ground ends for a load ranging from 80 N to

145 N when required deflection is 6.5 mm. Take spring index as 8 ,permissible shear

stress for the wire material 475 MPa and G=84 Gpa.

{ pitch

=6.19mm}

38. Design and draw a valve spring of a petrol engine for the following operating

conditions :

Spring load when the valve is open = 400 N

Spring load when the valve is closed = 250 N

Maximum inside diameter of spring = 25 mm

Length of the spring when the valve is open = 40 mm

Length of the spring when the valve is closed = 50 mm

Maximum permissible shear stress = 400 MPa

UNIT-V

DESIGN OF SHAFTS AND KEYS

Transmission shafts, Design of solid and hollow shafts based on strength, rigidity and

Flexible shafts, shaft and axles – key and classification of keys, stresses in the keys, design

considerations, effect of key way on the shaft strength.

Learning objectives: after successful completion of unit –V the student must be able to

1 Explain the Transmission shafts

2 Design of solid and hollow shafts based on strength and rigidity

3 Discuss about different types of keys and their function

23

4 Explain the different types of stresses developed in keys

5 Enumerate the design considerations of keys

6 Explain the effect of key way on the shaft strength.

Lecture Plan


Design of shafts and Keys.

1 Introduction to Transmission shafts, 1 PPT+Video

2 Design of solid and hollow shafts based on

strength and rigidity 2 PPT, chalk & board

3 Flexible shafts, shaft and axles. 1 PPT, chalk & board

4 Introduction to key and classification of keys, 1 PPT+Video

5 Stresses in the keys, Design considerations, 2 PPT, chalk & board

6 Effect of key way on the shaft strength 1 PPT, chalk & board

7 Tutorials 2 PPT, chalk & board

Assignment 5:

1. Explain the effect of key way on the strength of a shaft.

2. Write the comparison between solid shafts, hollow shafts and spindles.

3. A shaft is required to transfer 43KW of power at 600 rpm. The outside diameter must not

exceed 50 mm and the maximum shear stress is not to exceed 70 N/mm2. Find out the

dimensions of hollow and solid shaft, which would meet their requirements. Also compare

their weights.

4. Compute the diameter of a solid shaft which has to transmit 16KW power at 300 rpm.

Ultimate shear stress per shaft material is 350 N/mm2 and factor of safety for design is 6. If

a hollow shaft replaces the solid shaft, find the inside and outside diameters if the ratio is

0.5.

5. A shaft is supported by two bearings placed 1.2 m apart. A 600 mm diameter pulley is

mounted at a distance of 300mm to the right of left hand bearing and this drives a pulley

directly below it with the help of a belt having maximum tension of 2kN. Another pulley

400 mm diameter is placed 200 mm to the left hand bearing and is driven with the help of

an electric motor and belt which is placed horizontally to the right. The angle of contact for

both the pulleys is 1800

and coefficient of friction is 0.24. Calculate the diameter of the shaft

taking working stresses of 63 Mpa in tension and 42 Mpa in shear.

6. A shaft running at 400 rpm transmits 10 kW. Assuming allowable shear stress in shaft is 40

Mpa, find the diameter of the shaft.

7. Determine the diameter of the hollow shaft with inside dia = 0.6 outside dia. The shaft is

driven by an overhung pulley of 90 cm diameter. Take weight of pulley is 60 kg, the belt

tensions as 290 and 100 kg, over hang= 25 cm, angle of lap is 1800.

24


(Autonomous)










Course Objectives:










UNIT-I







stresses.






25





situations.

Lecture Plan








Materials. 1 PPT








8




impact stresses.



Assignment 1:






materials.



strain.







situations.

26













theory of failure.




is 20 mm.

















UNIT – II






27


theory.








Goodman’s line.

Lecture Plan














strength, 1 PPT



Assignment 2:


2










factor 0.87.

2 2

28











Size factor0.85










Use for torsion,


















29

















30

UNIT- III



















Lecture Plan


Design of fasteners





1 PPT+Video






1 PPT+Video







loading,


31


1 PPT+Video




Assignment 3:









Examiniations]






Examiniations]






Examiniations]






Examiniations]







Examiniations]

32





Examiniations]

UNIT-IV


Belt Drives:



Springs:








12. Derive the relations between stress and load & deflection and load for any

type of spring.



Lecture Plan


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching





PPT, chalk &

board



PPT, chalk &

board

33




PPT, chalk &

board



2 PPT, chalk &

board


Assignment 4:



spring.
















transmitted.




























34

62. Two pulleys having diameters 800mm and 600mm are 8m apart, are connected by

crossed belt drive. Calculate the change in the length if direction of rotation of the

driven pulley to be reversed. {





67. A spring for a spring balance is required to have deflection of 60mm for a load of

1500 N. Design the spring assuming spring index 6. Take shear stress as 360 Mpa and

modulus of rigidity as 84 GPa. find free length of spring.

68. Design a spring to take a load of 300 N with spring index 8 and shear stress 400

MPa...The spring should deflect by 15 mm under this load..Take G= 84 GPa.

69. Model QP 3] Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for

a deflection of 25mm using the value of spring index as 5 and Wahl’s correction

factor as 1.3. The maximum permissible shear stress for the spring wire is 400 Mpa

and modulus of rigidity 84 KN/mm2.





71. A helical spring is made from a wire of diameter 6mm diameter and has outside

diameter of 75 mm. If the permissible shear stress is 350 MPa and modulus of rigidity

is 84 kN/mm2. find the axial load which the spring can carry and the deflection per

active turn.


{W=383.4 N, {S-2009}

72. A closed coil helical spring is used for an automobile suspension system. The spring

has stiffness 85 N/mm with square and ground ends. The load on the spring causes a

35

total deflection of 9 mm. Taking permissible shear stress 400 MPa spring index 6 and

G=80 GPa.Find,


73. Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for a deflection

of 23mm using spring index 5. The maximum permissible shear stress is 420 MPa and

modulus of rigidity is 84 GPa.Find the pitch of spring assuming square and ground

ends.


marks Important

74. Design a close coiled helical compression spring for a service load ranging from 2250

to 2750. The axial deflection of the spring for the load range is 6mm. Assume a spring

index of 5. , Neglect the effect of stress

concentration . Draw fully dimensioned sketch of the spring showing the details of the

finish of the end coils. Assume squared and ground ends.

{ pitch

=13.80mm}

75. Design a helical spring with square and ground ends for a load ranging from 80 N to

145 N when required deflection is 6.5 mm. Take spring index as 8 ,permissible shear

stress for the wire material 475 MPa and G=84 Gpa.

{ pitch

=6.19mm}


conditions :







UNIT-V









36




Lecture Plan











Assignment 5:






their weights.




0.5.














37


(Autonomous)










Course Objectives:










UNIT-I







stresses.






38





situations.

Lecture Plan








Materials. 1 PPT








8




impact stresses.



Assignment 1:






materials.



strain.







situations.

39













theory of failure.




is 20 mm.

















UNIT – II






40


theory.








Goodman’s line.

Lecture Plan














strength, 1 PPT



Assignment 2:


2










factor 0.87.

2 2

41











Size factor0.85










Use for torsion,


















42

















43

UNIT- III



















Lecture Plan


Design of fasteners





1 PPT+Video






1 PPT+Video







loading,


44


1 PPT+Video




Assignment 3:









Examiniations]






Examiniations]






Examiniations]






Examiniations]







Examiniations]

45





Examiniations]

UNIT-IV


Belt Drives:



Springs:








19. Derive the relations between stress and load & deflection and load for any

type of spring.



Lecture Plan


Hrs.

Method of

Teaching





PPT, chalk &

board



PPT, chalk &

board

46




PPT, chalk &

board



2 PPT, chalk &

board


Assignment 4:



spring.
















transmitted.




























47

100. Two pulleys having diameters 800mm and 600mm are 8m apart, are

connected by crossed belt drive. Calculate the change in the length if direction of

rotation of the driven pulley to be reversed. {





105. A spring for a spring balance is required to have deflection of 60mm for a load

of 1500 N. Design the spring assuming spring index 6. Take shear stress as 360 Mpa

and modulus of rigidity as 84 GPa. find free length of spring.

106. Design a spring to take a load of 300 N with spring index 8 and shear stress

400 MPa...The spring should deflect by 15 mm under this load..Take G= 84 GPa.

107. Model QP 3] Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of

1000 N for a deflection of 25mm using the value of spring index as 5 and Wahl’s

correction factor as 1.3. The maximum permissible shear stress for the spring wire is

400 Mpa and modulus of rigidity 84 KN/mm2.





109. A helical spring is made from a wire of diameter 6mm diameter and has

outside diameter of 75 mm. If the permissible shear stress is 350 MPa and modulus of

rigidity is 84 kN/mm2. find the axial load which the spring can carry and the

deflection per active turn.


{W=383.4 N, {S-2009}

110. A closed coil helical spring is used for an automobile suspension system. The

spring has stiffness 85 N/mm with square and ground ends. The load on the spring

48

causes a total deflection of 9 mm. Taking permissible shear stress 400 MPa spring

index 6 and G=80 GPa.Find,


111. Design a helical compression spring for a maximum load of 1000 N for a

deflection of 23mm using spring index 5. The maximum permissible shear stress is

420 MPa and modulus of rigidity is 84 GPa.Find the pitch of spring assuming square

and ground ends.


marks Important

112. Design a close coiled helical compression spring for a service load ranging

from 2250 to 2750. The axial deflection of the spring for the load range is 6mm.

Assume a spring index of 5. , Neglect the effect

of stress concentration . Draw fully dimensioned sketch of the spring showing the

details of the finish of the end coils. Assume squared and ground ends.

{ pitch

=13.80mm}

113. Design a helical spring with square and ground ends for a load ranging from

80 N to 145 N when required deflection is 6.5 mm. Take spring index as 8

,permissible shear stress for the wire material 475 MPa and G=84 Gpa.

{ pitch

=6.19mm}


conditions :







UNIT-V









49




Lecture Plan











Assignment 5:






their weights.




0.5.














50


(Autonomous)


III B. Tech, Ist Semester (Mechanical Engineering)

Subject : Production Technology

Subject Code : 13MED009




Total number of periods planned:78

Name of the Faculty Member: Mr.M.S.Srinivasa Rao.

Course Objectives:

Identify various tools required to make a mold, types of casting methods used to make

casting.

Explain the various welding techniques used in metal joining processes

Understand the importance of basic metal working processes like rolling, forging,

extrusion etc.

Understand the various molding techniques used to make a plastic components


CO-1: Define fundamental concepts of production processes as applied to

Mechanical engineering applications.

CO-2: Discuss various casting methods, welding techniques and metal forming

processes.

CO-3: Apply the various above processes are required to make a component based on

their applications.

CO-4: Evaluate the various assumptions made in the design of components to avoid

the common pitfalls

UNIT : I

Syllabus: CASTING: Steps involved in making a casting; Advantage of casting and its applications; Pattern and

core making; Types of patterns – Materials used for patterns; Pattern allowances and their

construction; Principles of Gating, Gating ratio and design of gating systems.

Solidification of casting; Concept; Solidification of pure metal and alloys; Risers; Types;

Function and design; Casting design considerations; Quality testing and inspection of

castings; Special casting processes; Centrifugal, Die, Investment casting; Melting furnaces.


Explain various types of tools required to make patterns, moulds

Describe various types of pattern materials used in casting

Differentiate between pattern and casting

51

Various types of patterns allowances and its importance

Explain about different types of gates, solidification of pure metals and alloys

Explain about various functions of runners and risers

Explain about various casting design considerations

Discuss various types of special casting processes

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction about the casting, welding and

other mfg. processes

1st & 2

nd hour PPT + Video

2. Types of Tools used in sand casting technique 3rd

& 4th


3. Types of patterns, pattern materials 5th

hour Black board

4. Pattern allowances 6th


5. Materials used for patterns 7th

hour Black board

6. Types of cores, functionality 8th


7. Types of gates, gating ratio 9th

& 10th


8. Design of Gating system, advantages and

applications of castings

11th


9. Solidification of pure metal and alloys 12th


10. Types of risers and its fuctionality 13th

& 14th

hour Black board

11. Casting design considerations 15th

& 16th

hour Black board

12 Testing and inspection of castings 17th

& 18th


13 Special casting processes 19th

& 20th


14 Melting furnaces 21st & 22

nd hour Black board + PPT

Assignment – 1

1. Types of tools used in sand casting.

2. Types of pattern allowances, pattern materials.

3. Define pattern and core.

4. Elements of a gating system.

5. Write any three Functions of a runner and a riser.

6. List out various types of cores used in casting.

7. What are the advantages of casting and its applications

8. What are the various casting design considerations

9. What are the special casting technique processes and explain with a neat sketch

investment casting process

10.Draw a neat sketch of Cupola furnace and its advantages

UNIT : II

Syllabus: WELDING:

Classification of welding process types of welds and welded joints and their characteristics,

design of welded joints, Gas welding, ARC welding, Forge welding, resistance welding,

52

Thermit welding and Plasma welding Inert Gas welding, TIG & MIG, welding, Friction stir

welding, Induction welding, Explosive welding, Laser welding, Soldering & Brazing. Heat

affected zones in welding; welding defects – causes and remedies – destructive and

nondestructive testing of welds.


Explain various types of welding processes

Describe various types of welded joints

Explain about advantages and limitations of welded joints

Differentiate between pressure welding and fusion welding

Explain about various Gas welding techniques

Differentiate between TIG welding and MIG welding

Explain about various welding defects

Describe soldering and brazing techniques

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction about welding 1st hour PPT + Video

2. Classification of Welding processes 2nd


3. Differences between pressure welding and

fusion welding, principle of arc welding

3rd

& 4th


4. Arc welding equipment and accessories 5th


5. Types of electrodes and its functions 6th

hour Black board

6. Principle of gas welding and its accessories 7th


7. Types of flames 8th


8. Gas welding techniques 9th


9. TIG welding 10th


10. MIG welding 11th hour

Black board + PPT

11. Types of Resistance welding processes 12th

& 13th

hour Black board

12 Modern welding methods: ultrasonic welding 14th

& 15th


13 Co2 welding 16th


14 Atomic hydrogen welding 17th

hour Black board

15 Submerged arc welding 18th


16 Welding defects , causes and remidies 19th

& 20th


17 Soldering and brazing 21st hour Black board

Assignment – 2

1. Classification of welding processes

2. Differentiate between fusion welding and pressure welding

3. Write the principle of arc welding.

4. What are the functions of electrodes?

5. Types of flames in gas welding

53

6. Give the list of equipment necessary for gas welding

7. Different types of welding techniques used in gas welding

8. What are the various welding defects, causes and remidies

9. Write short notes on soldering and brazing.

10. Differentiate between TIG welding and MIG welding

UNIT : III

Syllabus:

MECHANICAL WORKING -1:

Hot working; Cold working; Strain hardening; Recovery; Recrystallisation and grain growth;

Comparison of properties of cold and hot worked parts

ROLLING: Rolling fundamentals; Theory of rolling; Types of Rolling mills and products; Forces in

rolling and power requirements.

EXTRUSION: Basic extrusion process and its characteristics; Hot extrusion and Cold extrusion; Forward

extrusion and backward extrusion – Impact extrusion; Hydrostatic extrusion; Extrusion

defects.

FORGING PROCESSES: Principles of Forging; Tools and dies; Types of Forging; Smith forging; Drop Forging; Roll

Forging; Forging hammers; Rotary Forging; Forging defects.


Explain various types of metal forming processes

Describe recovery, Recrystallisation and grain growth

Differentiate between hot working and cold working process

Explain about theory of rolling

Discuss about types of rolling milling and their products

Explain about types of extrusion processes and its defects

Describe principle of forging

Describe various types of forging techniques

Explain various forging defects

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction about metal forming 1st hour PPT + Video

2. Recovery, Recrystallisation and grain

growth, strain hardening

2nd

hour & 3rd


3. Differences between hot working and

cold working

4th

hour

Black board + PPT

4. Theory of rolling, rolling products 5th


5. Types of rolling mills 6th


54

6. Forces in rolling mills and power

requirements

7th

hour Black board

7. Introduction about extrusion 8th


8. Types of extrusion processes 9th

hour & 10th


9. Extrusion defects 11th


10. Introduction about forging, forging tools 12th


11. Types of forging processes 13th

hour & 14th

hour Black board

12 Forging hammers 15th

hour & 16th


13 Forging defects 17th


14 Applications of Forging 18th


Assignment – 3

1. Define hot working and cold working

2. Define recovery, recrystallisation and grain growth

3. Differentiate between hot working and cold working

4. Theory of rolling & rolling products

5. Types of rolling mills

6. Define extrusion and its advantages

7. Classification of extrusion processes

8. Hydrostatic extrusion process and its merits

9. Extrusion defects.

10. What is meant by forging

11. Forging applications

12. Forging hammers

13. Forging defects

UNIT : IV

Syllabus: MECHANICAL WORKING -2:

Stamping, forming and other cold working processes : Blanking and piercing; Bending and forming;

Drawing and its types; Wire drawing and Tube drawing; Coining; Hot and cold spinning; Types of

presses and press tools; Forces and power requirement in the above operations.


Explain various types of metal forming processes

Describe various sheet metal operations

Describe with a neat sketch wire drawing and tube drawing

Explain about spinning process

Discuss about types of presses and press tools

Lecture Plan


55

1. Introduction about sheet metal operations 1st hour Black board

2. Differences between blanking and

piercing

2nd


3. Drawing and its types 3rd

hour & 4th

hour

Black board + PPT

4. Wire drawing and tube drawing 5th


5. Types of presses and press tools 6th

hour & 7th


6. Forces and power requirements 8th

hour & 9th

hour Black board

Assignment – 4

1. Different types of sheet metal operations


3. Explain with a neat sketch wire drawing and tube drawing

4. Write short notes on spinning

5. List out various types of presses and press tools.

UNIT : V

Syllabus:

PLASTIC MATERIALS AND PROCESSES:

Types of plastics; Compression moulding; Injection moulding; Blow moulding; Film and

Sheet forming; Thermoforming.


Explain types of plastic materials

Describe types of molding processes

Describe with a neat sketch injection molding

Explain with a neat sketch blow molding

Discuss about thermoforming process

Lecture Plan


1. Introduction about plastics 1st hour Black board + Video

2. Advantages of plastics 2nd


3. Types of plastics and applications 3rd

hour & 4th

hour

Black board + PPT

4. Injection molding 5th


5. Blow molding 6th


6. Thermoforming 7th

hour Black board

7 Diff. between thermo plastics and

thermosetting plastics

8th


Assignment – 5

56

1. Different types of sheet metal operations


3. Explain with a neat sketch wire drawing and tube drawing

4. Write short notes on spinning

5. List out various types of presses and press tools.

TEXT BOOKS

T1 – Manufacturing Technology by P.N.Rao

REFERENCES:

R1 –Production Technology by R.K.jain

R2 – Production technology by PC Sharma

R3 - Manufacturing Engineering and Technology by Kalpak Jian S

R4 - Process and Materials of Manufacturing by Lindberg/PE

R5 - Principles of Metal Castings by Rosenthal

R6 - Welding Process by Parmar

57

VNR VIGNANAJYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

BACHUPALLY, NIZAMPET (S. O.), BACHUPALLY, HYDERABAD- 500 090


Name of the Staff: P.Prasad kumar / L.Sandeep Raj Subject:

TURBOMACHINERY

Code: 13MED013 Course: B. Tech (Mechanical

Engineering)

Year & Semester: III B.Tech. & I Semester Academic Year: 2016-2017

III Year B.Tech ME I Sem L T/P/D C

3 1 3

13MED013 TURBOMACHINERY

Course Prerequisites: Mathematics, Engineering Basics, Thermal Engineering

Basics

Course Objectives:

Understand various energy conversations that take place in a turbo machines.

Understand the principles of turbo machines.

Understand governing mathematical equations to perform theoretical calculations.

Learning Outcomes:

Students will be able to:

Model and analyze problems in turbo machines.

Design a simple energy producing or effort reducing device using basic thermodynamics

concepts.

Suggest and improvements to minimize losses.

List of Text Books:

T1- Thermal Engineering by Rathore; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.

List of Reference Books:

R1 – Gas Turbines by V. Ganesan; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.

R2 -- Thermal Engineering by R.K Rajput; Publisher: Lakshmi Publications.

R3 -- Thermal Engineering by P. L. Ballaney; Publisher: Khanna.

R4 -- Fundamentals of Turbo Machinery by B. K. Venkanna; Publisher: Prentice Hall

International.

R5 – Steam and Gas Turbines by R.Yadav; Central Publishing House

UNIT I

STEAM GENERATORS:

Introduction, Classification of Boilers , Working Principles of Fire Tube and Water Tube Boilers, Low

Pressure boilers, High Pressure Boilers – Babcock and Wilcox , Lamont Boiler, Boiler draught and

performance of boilers, Equivalent evaporation.

STEAM CONDENSORS:

Introduction, purpose and types of condensers. Efficiency of condenser, air pumps.

Learning Objectives: 1. Classify boilers 2. Understand working principles of different boilers 3. Define boiler performance parameters 4. Understand working of a chimney 5. Define efficiency of chimney 6. Understand different draughts 7. Understand importance of steam condensers and classify them

58

8. Define vacuum efficiency and condenser efficiency 9. Understand the working of air pump

Lecture Plan:

S. No. Topic Name

Reference

Books,

Mode of

Teaching

Number

of

Periods

Cumulati

ve

Periods

UNIT-I Steam Generators and Steam Condensers:

1 Boilers: Classification – Working principles –

Fire tube and Water tube.

T1,R2,R3,

PPT, Video

2 2

2 L.P and H.P boilers -- Babcock and Wilcox ,

Lamont Boiler

T1,R2,R3,

PPT, Video

2 4

3

Boiler draught T1,R2,R3,

PPT, Chalk

& Talk

3 7

4

Performance of boilers, Equivalent evaporation T1,R2,R3,

Chalk &

Talk

2 9

5 STEAM CONDENSORS:

Introduction, purpose and types of condensers

T1,R2,R3,

PPT 2 11

6

Efficiency of condenser, air pumps.

T1,R2,R3,

PPT, Chalk

& Talk

3 14

UNIT II

STEAM NOZZLES:

Functions of nozzle, applications, types, flow through nozzles, Thermodynamic analysis, assumptions,

velocity at nozzle exit, Ideal and actual expansion in nozzle, velocity co-efficient, condition for

maximum discharge, nozzle efficiency, Critical pressure ratio, Supersaturated flow and its effects,

degree of super saturation, degree of under cooling, wilson line.

Learning Objectives: After successful completion of Unit – II the student must be able to

1. Understand the functions and applications of nozzles 2. Analyze the nozzles 3. Define velocity co-efficient 4. Obtain condition for maximum discharge 5. Define critical pressure ratio 6. Define degree of saturation and degree of under cooling

Lecture Plan:

S. No. Topic Name

Reference

Books,

Mode of

Teaching

Number

of

Periods

Cumulati

ve

Periods

UNIT – II Steam Nozzles

1

Steam Nozzles: Function of nozzle – applications

- types, Flow through nozzles,

T1,R2,R3,

PPT, Chalk

& Talk

2 2

2 Thermodynamic analysis – assumptions -velocity

of nozzle at exit-Ideal and actual expansion in

T1,R2,R3,

Chalk & 4 6

59

nozzle, velocity coefficient, condition for

maximum discharge, critical pressure ratio,

criteria to decide nozzle shape

Talk

3 Super saturated flow, its effects. T1,R2,R3,

PPT

1 7

4 Degree of super saturation and degree of under

cooling - Wilson line

T1,R2,R3,

PPT

2 9

UNIT III

STEAM TURBINES:

Impulse turbine - Mechanical details, velocity diagram, effect of friction, power developed, axial

thrust, diagram efficiency, Condition for maximum efficiency, Methods to reduce rotor speed - velocity

compounding, pressure compounding, combined velocity and pressure compounding, velocity and

pressure variation along the flow.

Reaction Turbine - Mechanical details, principle of operation, Thermodynamic analysis of a stage,

Degree of reaction, velocity diagram, parson’s reaction turbine, condition for maximum efficiency.

Learning Objectives: After successful completion of Unit – III the student must be able to

1. Classify steam turbines 2. Understand effect of friction 3. Understand methods to reduce rotor speed -- compounding 4. Calculate turbine power output. 5. Define diagram efficiency, Stage efficiency. 6. Understand principle of reaction turbine 7. Define degree of reaction 8. Draw velocity diagrams

9. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency.

Lecture Plan:

S. No. Topic Name

Reference

Books,

Mode of

Teaching

Number

of

Periods

Cumulati

ve

Periods

UNIT III Steam Turbines:

1

Steam Turbines: Classification. Impulse turbine:

Mechanical details

T1,R2,R3,

R5, PPT,

Video

1 1

2

Velocity diagram – effect of friction – power

developed, axial thrust, blade or diagram

efficiency – condition for maximum efficiency.

T1,R2,R3,

R5, PPT,

Chalk &

Talk

2 3

3

Methods to reduce rotor speed-Velocity

compounding and pressure compounding

combined velocity and pressure compounding.

T1,R2,R3,

R5, PPT,

Chalk &

Talk

3 6

4

Velocity and Pressure variation along the flow T1,R2,R3,

R5, PPT,

Chalk &

Talk

1 7

5 Reaction Turbine : Mechanical details –

principle of operation, thermodynamic analysis of

T1,R2,R3,

R5, PPT, 2 9

60

a stage, Chalk &

Talk

6

Degree of reaction –velocity diagram – Parson’s

reaction turbine – condition for maximum

efficiency

T1,R2,R3,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

3 12

UNIT IV

ROTARY COMPRESSORS:

Working Principles of - Roots blower, vane blower and screw compressor.

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS:

Mechanical details and principle of operation, velocity and pressure variation. Energy transfer.

Impeller blade shape-losses, slip factor, power input factor, pressure co-efficient and adiabatic co-

efficient, velocity diagrams.

AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS:

Mechanical details and principle of operation, velocity triangles and energy transfer per stage, degree

of reaction, work done factor, Isentropic efficiency, pressure rise calculations, Polytrophic efficiency.

Learning Objectives: After successful completion of Unit – IV the student must be able to

1. Classify compressors 2. Understand working of centrifugal and axial flow compressors 3. Draw velocity diagrams 4. Calculate power requirements and efficiency. 5. Understand phenomenon of surging, choking.

Lecture Plan:

S. No. Topic Name

Reference

Books,

Mode of

Teaching

Number

of

Periods

Cumulati

ve

Periods

UNIT IV Rotary, Centrifugal and Axial flow Compressors

1 ROTARY COMPRESSORS:

Working Principles of - Roots blower, vane

blower and screw compressor.

T1,R4,R2,

R3, PPT 2 2

2

CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS:

Mechanical details and principle of operation

T1,R4,R2,

R3, PPT,

Chalk &

Talk

1 3

3

Velocity and pressure variation. Energy transfer.

Impeller blade shape-losses, slip factor, power

input factor, pressure co-efficient and adiabatic

co-efficient, velocity diagrams.

T1,R4,R2,

R3, Chalk

& Talk

4 7

4 AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSORS:

Mechanical details and principle of operation

T1,R4,R2,

R3, Chalk

& Talk

1 8

5

Velocity triangles and energy transfer per stage,

degree of reaction, work done factor, Isentropic

efficiency, pressure rise calculations, Polytrophic

efficiency.

T1,R4,R2,

R3, Chalk

& Talk

3 11

61

UNIT V

GAS TURBINES:

Classification of Gas Turbines ,Ideal cycle, essential components ,parameters of performance, actual

cycle , regeneration ,inter cooling and reheating, closed and semi closed cycles, merits and demerits,

combustion chambers and turbines for Gas Turbine plants.

JET PROPULSION:

Principle of operation, Classification of Jet propulsion engines, working principles with schematic

diagram and representation on T-s diagram, Thrust, Thrust power and propulsion efficiency. Needs

and demands met by Turbo Jet Engines, Schematic diagram, Thermodynamic cycle, performance

evaluation thrust augmentation methods.

ROCKETS:

Application - working principle, Classification, Propellant type, Thrust, Propulsive efficiency – Specific

impulse, solid and liquid propellant Rocket Engines.

Learning Objectives: After successful completion of Unit – V the student must be able to

1. Classify gas turbines 2. Understand regeneration and reheating 3. Differentiate between closed and open cycle gas turbines 4. Find performance of gas turbine power plant 5. Understand principles of jet propulsion 6. Classify jet propulsive engines 7. Define thrust power and propulsive efficiency 8. Understand working principle of rockets 9. Classify rockets 10. Define efficiency and specific impulse of rockets

Lecture Plan:

S. No. Topic Name

Reference

Books,

Mode of

Teaching

Number

of

Periods

Cumulati

ve

Periods

UNIT V Gas Turbines, Jet Propulsion and Rockets

1

Gas Turbines: Classification of gas turbines,

Ideal cycle, essential components.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, PPT,

Video

1 1

2

Parameters of performance, actual cycle,

regeneration, inter cooling and reheating.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

2 3

3

Closed and Semi-closed cycles, merits and

demerits.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

2 5

4

Combustion chambers and turbines of Gas

Turbine Plant.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

2 7

5 Jet Propulsion: Principle of Operation,

Classification of jet propulsive engines

T1,R1,R4,

R5, PPT 1 8

6

Working Principles with schematic diagrams and

representation on T-S diagram, Thrust, Thrust

Power and Propulsion Efficiency

T1,R1,R4,

R5, PPT 2 10

7

Needs and Demands met by Turbo jet engines,

Schematic Diagram, Thermodynamic Cycle

T1,R1,R4,

R5, PPT,

Chalk &

Talk

1 11

62

8

Performance Evaluation Thrust Augmentation –

Methods.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

1 12

9

Rockets: Application, Working Principle,

Classification, Propellant Types

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

1 13

10

Propulsive efficiency – Specific impulse, solid

and liquid propellant Rocket Engines.

T1,R1,R4,

R5, Chalk

& Talk

2 15

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