Visual Dictionary

BSCI 2300November 30, 2009

Air Barrier Paper

Air Barrier Paper – an external membrane applied to the sheathing below the veneer which serves as a weather barrier and helps to prevent air infiltration into the home.

Attic Ventilation – Serves to allow water vapor to escape and to allow the hot attic air to escape by providing an intake at the eaves through the soffit vents which allows the warmer air to escape through the roof vents.

Attic Ventilation

Attic Ventilation

Gable Vent – Allows hotter attic air to escape and prevents buildup of heat conducted through the roof of the structure

Attic Ventilation

Ridge Vent – Allows hot attic air to escape through a gap in the ridge decking

Attic Ventilation

Roof Turbine – allows the air to escape by drawing it out through the roof like a fan

Attic Ventilation

Soffit Vent – Allows air into the attic so that the warmer air can be pushed out through the vents placed higher on the roof

Backhoe – Heavy machinery used for excavation in smaller site clearing projects like tree removal and used to dig footings and some basement excavation.

Backhoe

Batter Boards – A temporary frame built just outside the corners of a foundation excavation. They are used to make sure the structure is square and to also carry the lines of a footing from corner to corner.

Brick Arches

Radius Arch

Brick Arches

Segmented Arch

Brick Arches

Arch w / Keystone

Brick Arches

Centering

Brick Bonds

Common Bond – 5 rows of stretcher then 6th course a header row

Brick Bonds

Running Bond – Continuous row of stretchers

Brick Bonds

Rowlocks

Brick Bonds

Header

Brick Bonds

Soldier

Brick Bonds

Shiner

Brick Sizes

King Size – 3” w x 2 5/8” h x 9 5/8” l

Brick Sizes

Queen Size 3” w x 2 ¾” h x 7 5/8” l

Bulldozer

Bulldozer – heavy machinery used during site prep. It is used to level the dirt off by grading with the front blade and pushing dirt around small areas of the construction site.

Cladding

Brick Clad & Stone Clad – coursed rubble

Cladding

Wood Board Clad

Cladding

EIFS

Cladding

Wood Shake – small shingle split from a block of wood, which gives a rough texture and uneven depthsWood Shingle – sawn shingle, typically more smooth and uniform; also larger in size

Code Requirements

Windows : minimum opening of 5.7 square feet (5.0 if sill is less than 44” AFF)Opening width 20” minimum & opening height 24” minimum.

Actual Measurements – 26” h x 32” w x 36” AFF.

Total Area : 5.78 sq. ft.

The window meets the code requirements

Code Requirements

Code requirements – Riser Height 7 ¾” maximum Tread Depth 10” nosing to nosingActual measurements – Riser Height of 7 5/8 tread depth 11 5/8” (less 1 ½ “ overhang) gives 10 1/8”. Therefore, the stair is in compliance with the code.

Construction Joints

Isolation joints - separate concrete from objects or structures, and allow independent movement without any connection that could cause damage to either object.

Concrete Joints

Control Joint – a designed cut in concrete to weaken the slab at that point in an attempt to prevent cracking elsewhere in the concrete

Concrete Masonry Unit

CMU – a block of hardened concrete designed to be laid up like regular masonry brick. The hollow cores allow for the block walls to be filled with concrete for additional strength. CMU is more economical for foundation walls than cast concrete, and when laid by a proper mason, one course of block is equal to 3 courses of standard brick w/ a 3/8” mortar joint. A typical block is 8” x 8” x 16” with a 3/8” mortar joint. The photo at left shows a poor job w/ a joint less than ¼”.

Decorative CMU

Split Block

Decorative CMU

Ribbed Block

Doors

Flush Door

Doors

Top Rail

Style

Panel

Lock Rail

Transom

Sidelight

Bottom Rail

Transom – A small window directly over a door Sidelight – A tall, narrow widow running alongside a door

Electrical Components

Underground Transformer Box – Steps down the electricity from a few thousand volts to the 110v / 220v service needed for the home

Electrical Components

Service Head – Brings the electricity into the meter and isolates that particular residence through an in-line fuse which prevents the house wiring from interfering with other structures on the grid

Meter – Measures how much electricity is being used

Electrical Components

Service Panel – the point where the electricity enters the home. The panel distributes the electricity throughout the home through individual circuits.

Electrical Components

Duplex Receptacle – where the power is accessed in the home

Subfloor

#8 Ceiling joist

#7 Top Plate

#6 Stud

#5 Sole Plate

Framing Elements

Framing Elements

# 10 Roof Decking

#9 Rafter

Farming Elements

#11 Sheathing

Framing Elements

#12 Stringer

Front End Loader

Front End Loader – used for transporting piles of dirt or other material across a jobsite. The hydraulic arms on the bucket allows the ability to place material at a raised elevation – useful for loading dump trucks and backfilling retaining walls. Unlike a bulldozer, a loader has the ability to scoop dirt out of the ground and move it to another location rather than spreading it around an area

Gypsum Board

Gypsum Board – An interior finish board made from a gypsum core sandwiched between two paper faces.

Compressor – compresses the refrigerant gas which gives off heat, thus cooling the air as it blows across the cooler coils at the air handler

Heat Pump

One main disadvantage of the heat pump system is that it is noisy. One must take into account where to place the outside compressors to avoid noise intrusion into the home.

Heat Pump

Air Handler – Forces the air through the system with the use of a blower fan. Also, cooler air is blown across a heating element inside the air handler to warm it up before distributing it through the ductwork

One advantage of heat pump systems is that it is the most efficient way to heat and cool a home

Insulation

Batt Insulation

Insulation is used to create the thermal envelope for the house to reduce air infiltration/ heat loss in the home

Insulation

Loose Fill

Insulation

Foamed Insulation

Insulation

Rigid Board Insulation

Lintel

Steel Lintel – A beam that carries the load of the wall across a door or window

Mortar

Flush Joint – This house used a ½” troweled joint with type ‘N’ mortar

Mortar

Rake joint – this law office has a 3/8” tooled mortar joint with type N mortar

Oriented Strand Board

OSB – a nonveneered panel made up of long strands of wood particles which are compressed and glued together in several layers, with each layer oriented opposite the direction of the previous layer for strength

Plumbing

Lavatory – uses 1 ½” drain pipe

Plumbing

Water Closet – uses 3” pipe to drain

Plumbing

Vent Through Roof – allows air to enter the plumbing system which lets the water drain from the pipes

Plumbing

Undermount kitchen sink

Plywood

Plywood – manufactured by gluing thin veneers of wood together, rotating each layer 90 degrees so that the grain in the wood does not run the same in each layer. This provides greater strength and equalizes moisture movementVeneer – a thin layer or facing

Rebar

#4 rebar (1/2” thickness) used here to tie the center of this monolithic slab to the footing in an attempt to curb differential settlement

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter

Downspout

Gutter – a channel which collects rainwater at the eave of a roofDownspout – A vertical pipe for conducting the rainwater from the gutter to a lower level discharge point

Steep Roof Drainage

Splashblock – a precast concrete block used to dissipate the water at the downspout’s discharge point

Steep Roof Materials

Underlayment – A thin layer of waterproof material laid between the roof deck and roofing. It allows to get the house in the dry so progress will not be held up due to inclement weather and protects the building before the roofing is applied

Steep Roof Materials

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof Material

Shingle – A water resistant material nailed in an overlapping pattern with other like materials to make the roof watertight.

Wood Shingle Roof

Steep Roof Materials

Metal Panel RoofCopper

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Hip Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge – the level intersection of roof planesValley – the sloping intersection of roof planes when water runs to itEave – the level, low edge of the roof

Steep Roof Terms

Rake – The Sloping edge of a steep roof

Steep Roof Terms

Fascia – the exposed vertical face of the eave

Soffit – the undersurface of a roof overhang, installed to enclose the rafter tails

Steep Roof Terms

No Fascia – house with exposed rafter tails

Stone

Random Rubble Pattern

Stone

Coursed Rubble Pattern

Stone

Random Ashlar Pattern

Vapor Retarder

Vapor Retarder – put in place to reduce the passage of air and water vapor through the building assembly to prevent condensation. It is usually placed to the inside of the building.

Waterproofing

Waterproofing – installed to prevent the passage of water through the CMU into a basement or crawlspace. This is an example of liquid applied

Weep Hole

Weep hole – a small opening in the brick veneer to allow accumulated water from the building to escape

Welded Wire Fabric

WWF – 6” x 6” grid

Windows

Double Hung WindowVinyl Clad

Both the top & bottom sash open

Windows

Casement WindowVinyl Clad

The window cranks out from a side hinge

Windows

Single HungVinyl

Only the bottom sash is operable