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Visual Dictionary
Air paper barrier
Definition: material that controlsair leakage into and out of heinterior/exterior environments of abuilding.
What is it doing? It is preventing rainfrom getting into the wall assemblywhile letting water vapor passthrough to the exterior.
Air paper barrier cont.
Attic ventilationmaterials
Soffit vent
Ridge vent
Gable vent
Roof turbine
Soffit vent
The soffit vent is the vent openinglocated under the eaves.
Why is it needed? it allows fresh airto enter the attic area and flowupward to the roof vents, where itis exhausted.
Ridge vent
A ridge vent is a vent along the entireridge line of a roof.
Why is it needed? It allows air to flowout of the attic, moisture to escape, andprevents ice dams.
Gable vent
A louver (screened vent) mounted atthe top of a gable.
Why is it needed? It allows air passagefor the attic.
Roof turbine
Why is itneeded? Toexhaustmoist, hotair fromyour attic.
backhoe
Width ofbucket: 3ft.
Backhoe cont.
Definition: an excavator whosebucket is rigidly attached to a hingedpole on the boom and is drawnbackward toward the machine whenit is in operation.
Type of work: primarily used fordigging in the ground and removinglarge amounts of dirt, gravel, orsand. With other attachments, abackhoe can be used to lift heavyobjects, dig circular holes, andbreak up concrete and asphalt.
Batterboards
Definition: atemporary framebuilt justoutside thecorner of anexcavation usedto carry marksthat lie on thesurface planesof the basementthat will be builtin theexcavation.
Brick arches
Brick arch #1:segmental
Brick arches cont.Brick Arch #2:
Roman
Brick arches cont.
Arch witha keystone
centering
Definition:temporaryformworkfor anarch, dome,or vault.
Brick Bonds
Brick bond #1:Flemish(alternatesstretcher andheader everyrow)
Brick bonds cont.
Brick bond #2: Running
(stretchersevery row;seams don’tline up)
Brick bonds cont.
rowlock
Brick bonds cont.
Headers
Brick bonds cont.
Soldier
Brick bonds cont.
Sailor
Brick bonds cont.
Stretcherrowlocks(shiners)
Brick sizesModular:2 1/4” x3 5/8” x7 5/8”
Brick sizes cont. Utility
brick:3 1/2” X11 5/8” X3 1/2”
bulldozer
Bulldozer cont.
Definition: a tracked vehicleequipped with a substantial metalplate used to push large quantitiesof soil, sand, rubble, etc. duringconstruction work.
May be found on small and largescale construction sites, mines andquarries, military bases, heavyindustry factories, and largegovernmental and publicengineering projects as well asfarming.
cladding
Brick clad
Efis clad
Stone clad
Wood board clad
Brick clad structure
Efis clad structure
Stone clad structure
Wood board clad
Cladding cont. (woodshingle structure)
Cladding cont.
Wood shingle- a small unit ofwood nailed in overlappingfashion with many other suchunits to render a wall orsloping roof watertight.
Wood shake- a shingle splitfrom a block of wood.
What is in the photo? - shingle.
Code requirements Egress
window
Measurements of egresswindow
Sill height aff- 22 1/2”
Height- 28 3/4”
Width- 35 1/2”
Area- 6.99 ft.
Ibc requirements foregress window
The clear opening must be at least5.7 sq. ft.
The clear width must be at least 20inches.
The clear height must be at least 24inches.
Sill may be no higher than 44 inchesabove floor.
This window meets the requirementsbecause it is within all the requiredmeasurements.
Code requirementscont.
Stairs
Tread-11”
Riser- 8”
Code requirementscont. (stairs)
IBC Code for tread and riser: Tread- minimum of 10”
Riser- maximum of 7 1/2”
These stairs meet the IBC codebecause they do not exceed themaximum riser measurement and hasat least a10” tread.
Concretejoints
Black- controljoint
Red- crack control joint: an
intentional, lineardiscontinuity in astructure orcomponent,designed to form aplane of weaknesswhere cracking canoccur in responseto various forcesso as to minimize oreliminate crackingelsewhere in thestructure.
Concrete joints cont.
Isolation joint separating sectionsof a concrete wall.
Rubbery substance allowsseparation and room for expansion.
Isolation joint
Definition: separation thatallows adjoining parts of astructure to move freely fromone another, both in thehorizontal and verticaldirections.s
Concrete masonry units
1 CMU= 3 brick courses
CMU (concrete masonry unit)- ablock of hardened concrete,with or without hollow cores,designed to be laid in the samemanner as brick or stone.
Typical dimensions: 8” X 8” X 16”
CMU size comparison
Black:size#1
Red:size#2
Decorative concretemasonry units
Split block ribbed block
Doors
Exteriorflush door
Exterior paneldoor
Gray- toprail
Black-panel
Red- lockrail
White-stile
Blue-bottomrail
Doors cont.
Transom- ahorizontalcrosspieceover a dooror between awindow aboveit.
Sidelight- awindow oropening at theside of a door.
Electrical components
Power pole with transformer
Service head
Meter
Service panel
Duplex receptacle
Transformer box
Function: anelectricaldevice thatchanges thevoltage ofalternatingcurrent.
Service head
Function: totransfer theelectricityfrom the localelectricitycompany toyour housethrough a mainfuse.
Connected tothe meter
meter Function:
receives theelectricity fromthe service headand measuresthe consumptionof the power inyour house.
The dials on themeter recordthe number ofunits of powerused so you canbe billed.
Service panel Function: toconnect all theelectricalcircuits of abuilding into themain power lineand allow eachindividual circuitto be protected byfuses or breakers.
Contains breakerto disconnecthouse from thepower source.
Duplex receptacle
A wall outletwith tworeceptacles;allows the useof electricitysafely in thehome or workspace.
Framing elements #1 Anchor bolt #2 Sill plate #3 Floor joist #4 Sub-flooring #5 Sole plate #6 Stud #7 Top plate #8 Ceiling joist #9 Rafter #10 Roof decking #11 Sheathing #12 Stringer
#1 Anchor bolts
#2 sill plate
#3 floor joist
#4 sub-flooring
#5 sole plate
#6 stud
#7 top plate
#8 ceiling joist
#9 rafter
#10 roof decking
#11 sheathing
#12 stringer
Front end loader
Front end loader cont.
Definition: earth moving equipmentdesigned to move loose earthand/or loads into vehicles. A multipurpose bucket is fitted toarticulate arms at the front of thevehicle. It may either be wheeled ortracked. It doesn’t have a longextended arm like a backhoe or thelarge steel plate of the bulldozer.
Gypsum board
Gypsum board cont.
Definition: panels or slabs ofwallboard consisting ofnoncombustible gypsum core,surfaced and edged with acovering material designed forvarious uses.
drywall
Heat pump/ air handlingunit
Heat pump/air handlingunit
What is itdoing?
Heat pump/ air unit cont.
One advantage of heat pumps:they don’t burn oxygen orcreate stuffiness like openfires do. They are designed foryear round comfort.
One disadvantage of heat pumps:they require regular servicingfor optimum performance.
Compressor
This compressor istransferring and recyclingheat.
insulation
Batt insulation
Loose fill insulation
Foamed insulation
Rigid board insulation
Batt insulation
The purpose of insulation is toprovide resistance to the flow ofheat and therefore increase theefficiency of our heating andcooling and end the drafts anduneven temperatures that are a by-product of heat flow.
Loose fill insulation
Loose fill cont.
The purpose of insulation is toprovide resistance to the flowof heat and therefore increasethe efficiency of our heatingand cooling and end the draftsand uneven temperatures thatare a by-product of heat flow.
Foamed insulation
The purpose of insulation is to provideresistance to the flow of heat andtherefore increase the efficiency ofour heating and cooling and end thedrafts and uneven temperatures thatare a by-product of heat flow.
Rigid board insulation
The purpose of insulation is to provideresistance to the flow of heat andtherefore increase the efficiency ofour heating and cooling and end thedrafts and uneven temperatures thatare a by-product of heat flow.
lintel
Concretelintel
Definition: ahorizontalbeam used inconstruction;usually abovea door orwindow.
mortar
Joint #1:raked
Tooled
Size: 1/2”
Mortar: n
Building:jewelrystore
Mortar Cont.
Joint #2:Concave
Tooled Size: 1/2” Mortar: n Building
Type:dudley hall
Oriented strand board
Oriented strand boardcont.
Definition: a nonveneered panelproduct composed of longshreds of wood fiber orientedin specific directions andbonded together underpressure.
plumbing
Lavatory
Water closet
Tub
Plumbing roofvent
Kitchen sink
lavatory Size of
piping:1.5”
Water closet
Size ofpiping todraintoilet: 3”
tub
Tub set intoframing priorto gypsumboard beinginstalled.
Plumbing roof vent
Kitchen sink(undermount)
plywood
Plywood cont.
Definition: a wood panelcomposed of an odd number oflayers of wood veneer bondedtogether under pressure.
Veneer: a thin surface layer, asof finely grained wood, gluedto the face of an inferiormaterial.
Radiant barrier
rebar
Rebar cont.
Size of diameter:
Purpose of the deformations:
Steep roof drainage
Gutter
Downspout
splashblock
gutter
Gutter cont.
Definition: a channel thatcollects rainwater andsnowmelt at the eave of a roof.
downspout
Definition: Avertical pipe forconductingwater from aroof to a lowerlevel.
Splash block
Definition: asmallprecastblock ofconcrete orplastic usedto divertwater at thebottom of adownspout.
Steep roof materials
Underlayment
Clay tile roof
Wood shingle roof
underlayment
Clay tile roof
Woodshingle
roof Shingle: a small
unit of water-resistant materialnailed inoverlappingfashion with manyother such unitsto render a wallor sloping roofwatertight.
Steep roof shapes
Gable roof
Gambrel roof
Hip roof
Mansard roof
Gambrel roof
Hip roof
Mansard roof
Steep roof terms
Ridge
Valley
Eave
Rake
Soffit
Fascia
Building without fascia
ridge
Definition: thelevelintersectionof two roofplanes in agable roof
valley
A troughformed bytheintersectionof two roofslopes.
eave
stone
Vapor retarder
waterproofing
Weephole
Definition:small openingsin the outerwall ofmasonryconstructionused as anoutlet forwater inside abuilding toescape andevaporate
Welded wire fabric
windows Window #1: single hung Has one moveable sash that slides up
and down
Windows cont. Window #2: Hopper Sash tilts inward; hinged on sill
Windows cont.
Window #3:Casement
Sash tiltsoutward;hinged onverticaljamb