Ashok Leyland

Type Public

Traded asBSE: 500477NSE: ASHOKLEY

Industry AutomotiveFounded 1948Headquarters Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

ProductsAutomobilesEngines

Revenue30,550 crore (US$6.09 billion)

(2011)

Net income6,745 crore (US$1.35 billion)

(2011)Employees 1,15,812 (2011)Parent Hinduja Group

Subsidiaries

Ennore foundries LimitedAutomotive Coaches and Components LimitedGulf-Ashley Motors LimitedAshley Holdings LimitedAshley Investments LimitedAshley Design and Engineering Services (ADES)Avia Ashok LeylandAshok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS)Ashok Leyland Project Services LimitedLanka Ashok Leyland[

Website www.ashokleyland.com

Ashok Leyland (NSE: ASHOKLEY, BSE: 500477) is a commercial vehicle manufacturing

company based in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, the company is one of India's leading

manufacturers of commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses, as well as emergency and

military vehicles. Operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes spare parts and engines for

industrial and marine applications. It sells about 60,000 vehicles and about 7,000 engines

annually. It is the second largest commercial vehicle company in India in the medium and heavy

commercial vehicle (M&HCV) segment with a market share of 28% (2007–08). With passenger

transportation options ranging from 19 seaters to 80 seaters, Ashok Leyland is a market leader in

the bus segment.The company claims to carry over 60 million passengers a day, more people

than the entire Indian rail network. In the trucks segment Ashok Leyland primarily concentrates

on the 16 ton to 25 ton range of trucks. However Ashok Leyland has presence in the entire truck

range starting from 7.5 tons to 49 tons. The joint venture announced with Nissan Motors of Japan

would improve its presence in the Light Commercial Vehicle (LCV) segment (<7.5 tons).

History

India’s first Prime Minister Nehru, persuaded Raghunandan Saran, an industrialist, to enter

automotive manufacture. The company began in 1948 as Ashok Motors, to assemble Austin cars.

The company was renamed and started manufacturing commercial vehicles in 1955 with equity

participation by British Leyland. Today the company is the flagship of the Hinduja Group, a

British-based and Indian originated transnational conglomerate.

Early products included the Leyland Comet bus which was a passenger body built on a truck

chassis, sold in large numbers to many operators, including Hyderabad Road Transport,

Ahmedabad Municipality, Travancore State Transport, Bombay State Transport and Delhi Road

Transport Authority. By 1963, the Comet was operated by every State Transport Undertaking in

India, and over 8,000 were in service. The Comet was soon joined in production by a version of

the Leyland Tiger.

In 1968, production of the Leyland Titan ceased in Britain, but was restarted by Ashok Leyland

in India. The Titan PD3 chassis was modified, and a five speed heavy duty constant-mesh

gearbox utilized, together with the Ashok Leyland version of the O.680 engine. The Ashok

Leyland Titan was very successful, and continued in production for many years.

Over the years, Ashok Leyland vehicles have built a reputation for reliability and ruggedness.

This was mainly due to the product design legacy carried over from British Leyland.

Ashok Leyland had a collaboration with the Japanese company Hino Motors from whom the

technology for the H-series engines was bought. Many indigenous versions of H-series engine

were developed with 4 and 6 cylinder and also conforming to BS2 and BS3 emission norms in

India. These engines proved to be extremely popular with the customers primarily for their

excellent fuel efficiency. Most current models of Ashok Leyland come with H-series engines.

In 1987, the overseas holding by Land Rover Leyland International Holdings Limited (LRLIH)

was taken over by a joint venture between the Hinduja Group, the Non-Resident Indian

transnational group and IVECO Fiat SpA, part of the Fiat Group and Europe's leading truck

manufacturer. Ashok Leyland’s long-term plan to become a global player by benchmarking

global standards of technology and quality was soon firmed up. Access to international

technology and a US$200 million investment programme created a state-of-the-art

manufacturing base to roll out international class products. This resulted in Ashok Leyland

launching the 'Cargo' range of trucks based on European Ford Cargo trucks. These vehicles used

Iveco engines and for the first time had factory-fitted cabs. Though the Cargo trucks are no

longer in production and the use of Iveco engine was discontinued, the cab continues to be used

on the 'ecomet' range of trucks.

Ashok Leyland Modern Truck

Ashok Leyland Modern Truck

Iraq Army Ashok Leyland truck

Ashok Leyland Bus

In the journey towards global standards of quality, Ashok Leyland reached a major milestone in

1993 when it became the first in India's automobile history to win the ISO 9002 certification.

The more comprehensive ISO 9001 certification came in 1994, QS 9000 in 1998 and ISO 14001

certification for all vehicle manufacturing units in 2002. In 2006, Ashok Leyland became the

first automobile company in India to receive the TS16949 Corporate Certification.Editor’s note:

This is part of a series of articles peeking into clean car industries and car manufacturers of

China, India, South Korea and Germany.

Among many other goals, Ashok Leyland aims to expand its operations to penetrate into

overseas markets. Included in the company’s plans is to acquire smaller car manufacturers in

China and in other developing countries. In October 2006, Ashok Leyland bought a majority

stake in the Czech based- Avia. Called Avia Ashok Leyland Motors s.r.o., this will give Ashok

Leyland a channel into the competitive European market. According to the company, in 2008 the

joint venture sold 518 LCVs in Europe despite tough economic conditions. Furthermore, the

company will expand its product offers into construction equipment, following a joint venture

with John Deere. Newly formed in June 2009, the John Deere partnership is a 50/50 split

between the companies. The company says negotiation is progressing on land acquisition, and

the production plans are in place. The venture is scheduled to start rolling out wheel loaders and

backhoe loaders in October 2010. Aside from the full expansion planned for the company, Ashok

Leyland is also paying close attention to the environment. In fact, they are one of the companies

showing the strongest commitment to environmental protection, utilizing eco-friendly processes

in their various plants. Even as they thrust into different directions, Ashok Leyland maintains an

R&D group that aims to uncover ways to make their vehicles more fuel efficient and reduce

emissions.

In fact, even before laws were placed on car emissions, Ashok Leyland was already producing

low-emission vehicles. Back in 1997, they have already released buses with quiet engines and

low pollutant emission based on the CNG technology. In 2002 it developed the first hybrid

electric vehicle. Ashok Leyland has also launched a mobile emission clinic that operates on

highways and at entry points to New Delhi. The clinic checks vehicles for emission levels,

recommends remedies and offers tips on maintenance and care. This work will help generate

valuable data and garner insight that will guide further development.

When it comes to the development of environmentally friendly technologies, Ashok Leyland has

developed Hythane engines. In association with the Australian company Eden Energy, Ashok

Leyland successfully developed a 6-cylinder, 6-liter 92 kW BS-4 engine which uses Hythane (H-

CNG,) which is a blend of natural gas and around 20% of hydrogen. Hydrogen helps improve the

efficiency of the engine but the CNG aspect makes sure that emissions are at a controlled level.

A 4-cylinder 4-litre 63 KW engine is also being developed for H-CNG blend in a joint R&D

program with MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) and Indian Oil Corporation.

The H-CNG concept is now in full swing, with more than 5,500 of the technology’s vehicles

running around Delhi. The company is also already discussing the wide-scale use of Hythane

engines with the Indian government. Hythane engines may be expected in the near future, but

these may not be brought to the United States as yet. Ashok Leyland’s partnership with Nissan is

also focusing on vehicle, powertrain, and technology development listed under three joint

ventures. With impressive investment, the joint ventures will focus on producing trucks with

diesel engines that meet Euro 3 and Euro 4 emission standards.

In the coming years, Ashok Leyland also has some hybrid trucks and buses in store for its

market. The buses and trucks are set to feature a new electronic shift-by-wire transmission

technology as well as electronic-controlled engine management for greater fuel efficiency.

Ashok Leyland focuses on improving fuel efficiency without affecting automotive power, and

the vehicles will have a 5% improvement on fuel efficiency. Ashok Leyland is also developing

electric batteries and bio-fuel modes.

Ashok Leyland Ltd’s March quarter results were expected to be impressive, as its monthly

vehicle output reports had indicated a 138% jump in volumes. But what impressed was its net

profit growth of 317%, to Rs223 crore, over the year-ago period, even as sales rose by 139%.

Ashok Leyland’s operating profit margin rose to 13% compared with 10.5%. Higher volume

growth, a better product mix due to higher sales of multi-axle vehicles and tractor trailers, and

cost reduction were key reasons for margin expansion. its estimate for volume growth in 2011 is

conservative, at 15% compared with over 30% in FY2010.

Around 1,200 buses under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission scheme are

yet to be delivered of the 5,098 ordered. Besides, it has orders on hand from state transport

undertakings for another 2,000 buses. The firm is investing to increase its capacity, with Rs1,200

crore proposed for expansion plans over the next two years; mainly to increase output of engines

and new generation cabs. Besides, it plans to invest Rs800 crore in joint ventures. Analysts

believe that its Uttarakhand plant is expected to deliver 22,000-25,000 vehicles in fiscal 2011, in

its first full year of operation. The company has also steadily gained market share, from 21-22%

in the first quarter of 2010 to 28-29% in the fourth quarter. One concern is that it is not yet a

strong player in the eastern market. Besides, the southern market, traditionally its stronghold, has

grown by only 15% in volume terms in 2010. The rest of India (mainly north and west) grew by

40% during the year.

An Ashok Leyland-Nissan joint venture produced light commercial vehicles (LCVs) from the

former's Hosur facility near Bangalore as well as from Renault-Nissan's car plant near Chennai.

Current status

Ashok Leyland Comet tank truck in Nepal

A fire truck in India manufactured by Ashok Leyland

An Ashok Leyland city bus in Cochin

Ashok Leyland city bus as part of Jaipur BRTS

An Ashok Leyland bus run by the Chennai Metropolitan Transport Corporation

COMMERCIAL VEICHELS OF ASHOK LEYLAND Ashok Leyland Multi-axle Vehicles

Multi-axle vehicles have been designed and manufactured by Ashok Leyland, the pioneers in multi-axle trucks and vehicles.

These robust and heavy duty vehicles have been exclusively built for the transportation of general loads and goods with complete safety and convenience.

Variants 2214 (6X2) 2516 H (6X2) 2514 H (6X2) 2516 H (6X4) 2516H/4C

2214 - 6 X 2This vehicle operates with a H series W06ETI naturally aspirated diesel engine with a maximum power of 114 PS (84 KW) @ 2400 rpm. The vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 67 kmph and has a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox.

View Technical Specification of 2214 - 6 X 2

2516 H (6X2)

This vehicle is powered with a 165 PS (122 KW) @ 2400 rpm, WO6DTI diesel engine. The vehicle comes with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox and is equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes.

View Technical Specification of 2516 H (6X2)

2514 H (6X2)This vehicle runs with a H Series WO6DTI 2D turbo charged diesel engine with a maximum power of 132 PS (94 KW) @ 2400 rpm. The vehicle is well equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes.

View Technical Specification of 2514 H (6X2)

2516 H (6X 4)This vehicle runs with a H Series WO6DTI 2N turbo charged inter-cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 165 PS (122 KW) @ 2400 rpm. The vehicle comes with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox along with a single plate dry type axial spring clutch. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 74 kmph.

View Technical Specification of 2516 H (6X 4)Variants

Ecomet 912 Ecomet 1112

Ecomet 912This vehicle runs with a H series 4 cylinder engine turbocharged inter cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 120 PS @ 2500 rpm. The vehicle is equipped with a ZF S5.36 synchromesh gearbox along with a single plate diaphragm type hydraulically actuated clutch.

View Technical Specification of Ecomet 912

Ecomet 1112This truck operates with a H series 4 cylinder engine turbocharged inter cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 120 PS @ 2500 rpm. The vehicle is well equipped with a recirculating ball type manual steering along with

dual line full air SAW brakes. The truck has a maximum speed of 80 km/h.AIRPORT-TARMAC-COACHAirport Tarmac coach from Ashok Leyland as the name suggests, is best suited for carrying the passengers in airports. The vehicle has a maximum power of 120 PS @ 2400 RPM with a 4 speed automatic transmission gear box. Airport Tarmac coach also features a power steering with dual line full air brakes. The model has the maximum speed of 75 Kmph and is 11000 mm in length. 

CHEETAH BS-IIThe Ashok Leyland Cheetah BS-II is best suited for the hilly terrains and operates on a 6

cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine. This vehicle has a maximum power of 132 PS @ 2400 RPM with a 5 speed synchromesh gear box.

Cheetah BS-II has a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. The model has an integral power steering with dual line full air brakes. 

Cheetah BS-IIICheetah BS-III from Ashok Leyland is best suited for traveling in the Metro / city with a 6 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine. The

vehicle operates with a maximum power of 167 PS @ 2400 rpm and has a 5 speed synchromesh gear box.

Cheetah BS-III also has a fully floating hypoid gear at the rear axle and runs on a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. The model features a power steering along with dual line full air brakes. 

Double deckerDouble decker from Ashok Leyland is a mass transportation bus and is best suited for

intra city movement.The vehicle has a 6 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 132 PS @ 2400 RPM.

Double decker has a 5 speed synchromesh gear box and a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. The model is equipped with a power steering and dual line full air brakes.

Lynx BS-IILynx BS-II operates on 4 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine with a

maximum power of 120 PS @2500 RPM. This Ashok Leyland model has a recirculating ball type manual steering with a variable ratio of 32.2 : 1 to 48.0 : 1.

Lynx BS-II runs on a maximum speed of 83 Kmph and has dual line full air S cam brakes. This bus has a seating capacity between 40 and 45 persons

PANTHER BS-IIPanther BS-II, a luxury bus from Ashok Leyland provides

passenger transportation and is best suited for inter city journey. The vehicle has the maximum power of 165 PS @ 2400 RPM with a 5 speed synchromesh gear box.

Panther BS-II runs at a maximum speed of 75 Kmph and has an air suspension at front and rear. The model comes with a power steering and dual line full air brakes

Stag BS-IIStag BS-II from Ashok Leyland operates on a 4 cylindered

turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 120 PS @ 2500 RPM. This vehicle comes with a semi elliptic leaf springs and shock absorber in both front and rear.

Stag BS-II has a manual steering in a variable ratio of 32.2 : 1 with dual line full air S cam brakes. This model runs on a maximum speed of 81 Kmph and has the seating capacity between 30 and 36 persons.

Viking Mahindra LoadKing DIS-II has a maximum speed of 75 kmph. To add on to its high profile technique, this model has a 5 speed synchromesh gearbox and an integral power steering. The distinguished features also include dual line full air brakes. 

View Technical Specification of Viking BS - II

Viking BS - IIIViking BS-III from Ashok Leyland is best suited for the metro cities for transportation of passengers. This is a luxury bus with a front entry door at the front of the front axle. This model has a 6 cylindered engine operating on turbo charged inter cooled diesel.

Viking BS-III has a maximum speed of 75 Kmph and has a 5 speed synchromesh gearbox. This bus however comes with a manual steering and has dual line, full air brakes. 

Viking CNG BS-IIIAshok Leyland Viking CNG BS-III is a metro and intra city bus for passenger transportation. This model is operated by a 6 cylindered engine with a maximum power of 122 PS @ 2400 RPM. The vehicle comes with a 5 speed synchromesh gear box.

Viking CNG BS-III is equipped with a power steering and dual line full air brakes. The vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. 

Viking SLF BS-IIIViking SLF BS-III is best suited for transporting passengers in metro cities. This vehicle from Ashok Leyland operates with a 6 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine and has a maximum power of 167 PS @ 1500 RPM.

Viking SLF BS-III comes with a 5 speed synchromesh gear box. The model is well equipped with a power steering and

dual line full air brakes. This vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. 12 M Bus

The Ashok Leyland 12 M Bus is a luxury bus with a 6 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel Bharat Stage II. It has a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox and an air suspension at the front and rear. The bus also has a power steering with dual line full air brakes.

12 M Bus runs on a maximum speed of 95 Kmph and has the maximum power of 177 ps @ 2400 rpm.

View Technical Specification of 12 M Bus

12 M Bus BS-II12 M BS-II from

Ashok Leyland is a city bus operated with 6 cylindered turbo charged inter cooled diesel engine. The vehicle has a maximum power of 114 PS @ 2400 RPM with a 5 speed synchromesh gear box.

12 M BS-II has a power steering with dual line full air brakes. The bus runs at a maximum speed of 75 Kmph. It has a rubber ended suspension in front and progressive shackle at rear. 

1613H/2 (12M Goods)This model launched by Ashok Leyland has an integral power steering and is ideally used as scooter, car and three wheeler carrier and runs on a top speed of 78.8 kmph. It is also used by courier, parcel companies and logistics for carrying white goods and electronic appliances. 1613H/2 (12M Goods) has a maximum power of 132 PS ( 97 KW) @ 2400 rpm with a maximum torque of 43.8 kgm @ 1600 -

1800 rpm. The vehicle is well equipped with Dual line Full air brakes for a better control.The range of 4 x 2 haulage models have been designed by Ashok Leyland with complete precision and perfection on quality, efficiency, comfort and performance.

These sophisticated and heavy duty vehicles are high performers, yet they are cost efficient in terms of fuel economy and maintenance.

These machines are rigid in structure to deliver maximum durability and thus can perform even on the toughest terrain on this earth.

Ashok Leyland Multi-axle Vehicles

Multi-axle vehicles have been designed and manufactured by Ashok Leyland, the pioneers in multi-axle trucks and vehicles.

These robust and heavy duty vehicles have been exclusively built for the transportation of general loads and goods with complete safety and convenience.

2516 H/4C 6X4This vehicle operates with a H Series WO6DTI 2N turbo charged inter-cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 165 PS (122 KW) @ 2400 rpm. The vehicle is well equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes.

View Technical Specification of 2516H/4C

2516 H (6X 4)This vehicle runs with a H Series WO6DTI 2N turbo charged inter-cooled diesel engine with a maximum power of 165 PS (122 KW) @ 2400 rpm. The vehicle comes with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox along with a single plate dry type axial spring clutch. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 74 kmph.Hippo Tipper

Hippo Tipper has been designed and engineered by Ashok Leyland to deliver an improved performance Towards the mining and construction industry. The vehicle is used for both on and off highway applications for mining, quarrying and many more.

Hippo Tipper is a 238 PS @ 2200 rpm powered vehicle with a AL 680 TCAC diesel engine. The vehicle comes with a

synchromesh gearbox and a single plate dry type clutch. The vehicle is featured with nine forward and one reverse speed gear.

This vehicle is well equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes. The vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 67 km/h.Ashok Leyland Beaver Haulage

Beaver haulage has been designed and structured by Ashok Leyland, the largest manufacturer of logistic vehicles for the Indian Army. This is a special defense vehicle used especially for hauling for defense purposes.

The vehicle is robust and sturdy in nature and structure that it can operate even in the toughest conditions.

Beaver haulage vehicle operates with a AL 680 TCAC diesel engine with a maximum power of 238 PS @ 2200 rpm. The vehicle is featured with a constant mesh gearbox along with five forward and one reverse gears. The vehicle runs with a maximum speed of 55.8 km/h.

This vehicle is also equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes.

Ashok Leyland Hippo HaulageHippo haulage are special applications vehicles, purposely built to carry out several applications from just one vehicle. This is a highly versatile and reliable vehicle for all utilities.

This vehicle has been exclusively designed and engineered by Ashok Leyland to deliver maximum efficiency and performance with ultimate perfection.

Hippo haulage operates with a AL 680 TCAC diesel engine with a maximum power of 238 PS @ 2200 rpm. The vehicle is featured with a single plate dry type clutch along with a constant mesh gearbox. This vehicle comes with five

forward and one reverse speed gear.

This vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 49 km/h. The vehicle is well equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes.

Applications Mobile crane Drilling rigs Concrete pumps Transit mixers Cement bunkers Radar mounting Site mix slurry Bull dozer carriers Mast mobiles Troop carriers Stealth weapon carriers

Ashok Leyland 4 X 2 and Multixled Tippers4 X 2 and Multi-axle Tippers have been designed and developed by Ashok Leyland, the pioneers in the manufacturing of multi-axle trucks and tippers. These vehicles are highly beneficial in the transportation of goods and materials from one place to another with much convenience and safety.

These vehicles have been designed to meet the needs of effective transportation of minerals, ores, sand, cement and other earth materials. The vehicle is an asset to the construction and mining industry with its true and dedicated performance across the country. These vehicles function efficiently in the road construction, canal projects and the mining industries.

CT 1613 H/1 (4X2)This is a 132 PS (97 KW) @ 2400 rpm powered vehicle

along with a H series 6 cylinder turbocharged inter-cooled diesel engine. The vehicle comes with a 6 speed

synchromesh gearbox along with single plate dry and friction type clutch.

View Technical Specification of CT 1613 H/1 (4X2)

Taurus 2516/2 (6x4)This is a 159 PS (117 KW) @ 2400 rpm powered vehicle with a L62N 6 cylinder turbocharged after cooled diesel

engine. The vehicle is well equipped with a power steering and dual line full air brakes.

View Technical Specification of Taurus 2516/2 (6x4)

1613 ST (4x2)This is a 132 PS (97 KW) @ 2400 rpm powered vehicle with a H series 6 cylinder turbocharged inter-cooled diesel engine. The vehicle is featured with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox and runs with a maximum speed of 75 km/h.

View Technical Specification of 1613 ST (4x2)

Taurus HD 2516MT/1 (6x4)This is a 159 PS (117 KW) @ 2400 rpm powered vehicle with a L62N 6 cylinder turbocharged after cooled diesel engine. The vehicle is well equipped with a power steering along with dual line full air brakes. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 67.3 km/h.

View Technical Specification of Taurus HD 2516MT/1 (6x4)

CT 1613 H/2 (4x2)This is a 132 PS (97 KW) @ 2400 rpm powered vehicle with a H series 6 cylinder turbocharged inter-cooled diesel engine. The vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 75 km/h and is featured with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox.

Ashok Leyland Beaver TractorBeaver Tractor is a multi-purpose and a versatile vehicle, designed and developed by Ashok Leyland. This vehicle is a front-runner in a wide range of applications such as acid tankers, containers, transit mixers, LPG tanker, self loading crane, recovery truck and many more.Beaver tractor operates with a AL 680C TCAC diesel engine with a maximum power of 238 PS @ 2200 rpm. The vehicle comes with a constant mesh gearbox with overdrive gears including six

forward and one reverse speed gears. The vehicle also features a single plate dry type clutch.

Beaver tractor is well equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line full air brakes. The vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 72 km/h.

YAK 4x4Yak 4x4 from Ashok Leyland is a defence vehicle with an engine power of 177 PS @ 2700 RPM. The vehicle is equipped with a four speed automatic Allison MD 3560 P with PTO gearbox.

Yak 4x4 is featured with an integral power steering and dual line air brakes. The vehicle has been designed with perfection to run on all types of terrains.

Stallion 4x4 Mk IIIStallion 4x4 Mk III has been designed for rendering general services to the Army. The vehicle operates on a turbocharged diesel engine with a power of 160 PS @ 2400 RPM.

This Ashok Leyland model has a 6 speed ZF synchromesh gearbox.

Stallion 4x4 Mk III is equipped with an integral power steering and has full air dual line “S” cam brakes.

Stallion 4x4 Mk IVStallion 4x4 Mk IV is an upgraded and enhanced model of Stallion 4x4 Mk III. This vehicle has an engine power of 177 PS @ 2400 RPM.

This Ashok Leyland vehicle has a pay load of 5 T for cross country and 7.5 T on the highway.

Stallion 4x4 Mk IV is equipped with an integral power steering and dual line brakes. The vehicle has a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox and runs at a maximum speed of 82 kmph.

Comet 4x4Ashok Leyland Comet 4x4 is a defence vehicle developed for the purpose of carrying troops to different locations with a payload of 10 T.

The vehicle has an engine power of 108 PS @ 2550 RPM and has a 5 speed constant mesh gearbox.

Comet 4x4 is equipped with an integral power steering and has dual line air brakes. The vehicle has the capacity to run at a maximum speed of 81 kmph.

High Mobility Vehicle 6x6High Mobility Vehicle 6x6 is a defence vehicle and has been exclusively designed to render high mobility under stringent conditions as and when required.

This Ashok Leyland vehicle has a payload of 5T and comes with an engine power of 260 HP @ 2500 RPM.

High mobility vehicle 6x6 has large tyres and is an all wheel drive vehicle. The model is equipped with an integral power steering and has dual line air brakes. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 80 kmph.

Light Recovery Vehicle 4x4Light Recovery Vehicle 4x4 has been designed to recover and Tow the defence vehicles. This vehicle from Ashok Leyland has been purposely developed for uprighting, unditching and pulling up a slope of all military “B” vehicle casualties having payload of upto 7.5 T.

Light recovery vehicle 4x4 has an engine power of 160 PS @ 2400 RPM. The vehicle is equipped with an integral power steering and dual line air brakes. This vehicle can run at a maximum speed of 90 kmph.

Field Artillery Tractor 6x6Field Artillery Tractor 6x6 from Ashok Leyland has been designed to be used as gun Tower for 155 mm and 130 mm guns. The ammunitions are self loaded on to the vehicle and it also has a winch for self recovery.

Field Artillery Tractor 6x6 has an engine power of 345 PS @ 2200 RPM and has an 8 speed synchromesh gearbox with torque convertor. The vehicle is equipped with an integral power steering along with dual line air brakes. This vehicle runs at a maximum speed of 87 kmph.

Stallion 4x4 5KL Water Browser

Stallion 4x4 5KL Water Browser has been exclusively developed for supplying water to any location under different circumstances. This vehicle from Ashok Leyland has an engine power of 160 PS @ 2400 RPM with a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox.

Stallion 4x4 5KL water browser is equipped with an integral power steering and dual line air brakes. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 82 kmph and is featured with a water tank capacity of 5000 liters.

Truck Fire Fighting 4x2Truck Fire Fighting 4x2 has been designed as a fire fighting vehicle for the defence and is highly equipped with the modern techniques of fire control. This vehicle from Ashok Leyland has an engine power of 160 PS @ 2400 RPM and has a 6 speed synchromesh gearbox.

Truck fire fighting 4x2 has a water tank capacity of 3200 liters and a foam tank capacity of 425 liters. The vehicle can also run at a maximum speed of 78 kmph

Ashok Leyland city buses in Andhra Pradesh belonging to APSTRC

Ashok Leyland is the second technology leader in the commercial vehicles sector of India. The history of the company has been punctuated by a number of technological innovations, which have since become industry norms. It was the first to introduce multi-axled trucks, full air brakes and a host of innovations like the rear engine and articulated buses in India. In 1997, the company launched the country’s first CNG bus and in 2002, developed the first Hybrid Electric Vehicle.

The company has also maintained its profitable track record for 60 years. The annual turnover of the company was USD 1.4 billion in 2008-09. Selling 54,431 medium and heavy vehicles in 2008-09, Ashok Leyland is India's largest exporter of medium and heavy duty trucks. It is also one of the largest private sector employers in India - with about 12,000 employees working in 6 factories and offices spread over the length and breadth of India.

The company has increased its rated capacity to 105,000 vehicles per annum. Also further investment plans including putting up two new plants - one in Uttarakhand in North India and a bus body building unit in middle-east Asia are fast afoot. It already has a sizable presence in African countries like Nigeria, Ghana, Egypt and South Africa.

Ashok Leyland has also entered into some significant partnerships, seizing growth opportunities offered by diversification and globalization – with Continental Corporation for automotive infotronics; with Alteams in Finland for high pressure die casting and recently, with John Deere for construction equipment. As part of this global strategy, the company acquired Czech Republic-based Avia's truck business. The newly acquired company has been named Avia Ashok Leyland Motors s.r.o. This gives Ashok Leyland a foothold in the highly competitive European truck market.

In 2010 Ashok Leyland acquired a 26% stake in the British bus manufacturer Optare, a company based on the premises of a former British Leyland subsidiary C.H.Roe. In December 2011 Ashok Leyland increased its stake in Optare to 75.1%.

The Hinduja Group also bought out IVECO's indirect stake in Ashok Leyland in 2007. The promoter shareholding now stands at 51%. Leyland has a state of the art research and development center at Vellivoyal Chavadi which is located near Chennai.

Nissan Ashok Leyland

In 2007, the company announced a joint venture with Japanese auto giant Nissan (Renault Nissan Group) which will share a common manufacturing facility in Chennai, India. The shareholding structures of the three joint venture companies are:

Ashok Leyland Nissan Vehicles Pvt. Ltd., the vehicle manufacturing company will be owned 51% by Ashok Leyland and 49% by Nissan

Nissan Ashok Leyland Powertrain Pvt. Ltd., the powertrain manufacturing company will be owned 51% by Nissan and 49% by Ashok Leyland

Nissan Ashok Leyland Technologies Pvt. Ltd., the technology development company will be owned 50:50 by the two partners.

Dr. V. Sumantran, Executive Vice Chairman of Hinduja Automotive Limited and a Director on the Board of Ashok Leyland is the Chairman of the Powertrain company and he is on the Boards of the other two JV companies. The venture, once it takes off, will be one of the largest investments made in automotive field in the country

iBUS

Ashok Leyland announced iBUS in the beginning of 2008, as part of the future for the country's increasingly traffic-clogged major cities. Its Rs 60-lakh, iBus, a feature-filled, low-floor concept bus for the metros revealed during the Auto Expo 2008 in India, a vehicle for a first production run of pilot models should be ready by the end of this year. The start of full production is scheduled for 2009. Developed by a team of young engineers, the low-floored iBus will have the first of its kind features, including anti-lock braking system, electronic engine management and passenger infotainment. The executive class has an airline like ambience with wide LCD screens, reading lights, audio speakers and, for the first time, Internet on the move. A GPS system enables vehicle tracking and display of dynamic route information on LCD screens, which can also support infotainment packages including live data and news. The bus will probably be equipped with an engine from the new Neptune family, which Ashok Leyland also introduced at this exhibition, which are ready for the BS4/Euro 4 emission regulations and can be upgraded to Euro 5.]

U-Truck

Ashok Leyland, announced sale of vehicles on the new U-Truck platform from November,2010 with the rolling out of the first set of 10 models of tippers and tractor trailers in the 16 – 49-tonne segment.Further, another 15 models are set to enter the market in the next 12 months.

Dost

DOST is a 1.25 ton light commercial vehicle (LCV) that is the first product to be launched by the Indian-Japanese commercial vehicle joint venture Ashok Leyland Nissan Vehicles. Dost is powered by a 55 hp high-torque, 3-cylinder, turbo-charged Common Rail Diesel engine and has a payload capacity of 1.25 Tonnes. It is available in both BS3 and BS4 versions. The LCV is being produced in Ashok Leyland's plant in Tamil Nadu's Hosur. The LCV is available in three versions with the top-end version featuring air-conditioning, power steering, dual-colour of a beige-gray trim and fabric seats. With the launch of Dost Ashok Leyland has now entered the Light Commercial Vehicle segment in India

Ashok Leyland Defence Systems

An Indian road-mobile launcher with a ballistic missile

Ashok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS) is a newly floated company by the Hinduja Group. Ashok Leyland, the flagship company of Hinduja group, holds 26 percent in the newly formed Ashok Leyland Defence Systems (ALDS). The newly floated company has a mandate to design and develop defence logistics and tactical vehicles, defence communication and other systems. Ashok Leyland is the largest supplier of logistics vehicles to the Indian Army. It has supplied over 60,000 of its Stallion vehicles which form the Army's logistics backbone.

Facilities

The company has seven manufacturing locations in India: o Ennore and Hosur, Tamil nadu (Hosur - 1, Hosur - 2, CPPS)o Alwar , Rajasthano Bhandara , Maharashtrao Pantnagar , Uttarakhand

Ashok Leyland's Technical Centre, at Vellivoyalchavadi (VVC) in the outskirts of Chennai, is a state-of-the-art product development facility, that apart from modern test tracks and component test labs, also houses India's one and only Six Poster testing equipment

The company had an Engine Research and Development facility in Hosur, which was shifted to VVC, Chennai.

The company has signed an agreement with Ras Al Khaimah Investment Authority (RAKIA) in UAE for setting up a bus body building unit in the Middle East.

Products

(not exhaustive)

Luxura Viking BS-I - city bus Viking BS-II - city bus Viking BS-III -city bus

Cheetah BS-I Cheetah BS-II Panther 12M bus Stag Mini Stag CNG 222 CNG Lynx Double Decker Vestibule bus Airport Tarmac Coach Gensets

Goods segment

Comet 1611 1612 H 1613 H 1613 H/2 (12m Goods) 4/51 GS 1613 Taurus 2516/2 (6x4) Tipper CT 1613 H/1 & H/2 Bison Tipper 1613 ST (4x2) Taurus HD 2516MT/1 (6x4) Taurus 2516 - 6X4 2516 H (6X2) Taurus 2516 - 6 X 2 4018 Tractor Artik 30.14 Tractor Tusker Turbo Tractor 3516 ecomet 912 ecomet 111i 4921 U-Truck Tippers U-3123 U-2523 U-2518 U-1616 U-1618 U-Truck Tractors U-4923 U-4023 U-3518

VISION

Be among the top Indian corporations acknowledged nationally and internationally for

- Excellence in quality of its products.

- Excellence in customer focus and service.

-

MISSION

Be a leader in the business of commercial vehicles,excelling in technology, quality and

value to customer fully supported by customer service of the highest order and meeting

national and international environmental and safety standards.

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

INTRODUCTION

Every organization that produces one or more products requires marketing of the products sell them in the market. It is only through marketing that people know about a company's products. Hence marketing is considered as a key activity of organization. The organization requires sound marketing structure to carry on its marketing activities.

However the concept of marketing is not confined only to selling of goods and services to customers. Instead the company tries to create and maintain the customer base through marketing. The marketing thus focus on the customer needs and wants in the market and emphasis on producing and selling only those goods, which have higher demand in market. The company mainly markets its products through advertising. Marketing uses various sales promotional tools to boost the sales of the company. The marketing department thus should have sound distribution channel and promotional system to make the marketing activities sound.

4.4.2 Organization Structure of Marketing Department:

Managing Director

Deputy Manager

Product-dispatch SuperintendentManager

Deputy Superintendent

Senior Officer

Assistant

DEPARTMENT FUNCTIONS

The major functional areas of the unit and the major departments which oversee those

areas are catalogued as follows:

1. Personnel and Administration Department

2. Purchase & Material Planning Department

3. Production Department

4. Finance Department

5. Systems Department

6. Research & Development.

A brief review of each functional department and its activities as follows:

PERSONNEL & ADMINISTRATION

Departmental Structure

-MT

RECRUITMENT

CHIEF SECURITYOFFICER

DIVISIONALMANAGER IR

Sr. MANAGERHR

DGM

MEDICALOFFICER

-MANAGER-DIVISIONALMANAGER-ASST. MANAGER

-OFFICERS

-ASST. MANAGER -MT

-OFFICER

Recruitment is the process of ‘finding and attracting capable applicants for employment.

The process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are

submitted. The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected.

SOURCES OF RECRUITMENT

The following are various external sources of recruitment:

Consultancies

Campus recruitment

Lateral entries

1. CONSULTANCIES

The department heads where requirements are needed informs to the HR department

about the requirement. The concerned persons for recruitment gets approval for filling the

vacancies. Then the consultancies are approached telling the requirements. The fit

applications are mailed to attend the interview. If satisfied, they are called for the

personal interview.

2. CAMPUS RECRUITMENT

The recruitment panel goes to the reputed colleges to select the candidates.

On the following basis they recruit the candidates

GETs - Graduate Engineer Training

DETs - Diploma Engineer Training

ITI

3.LATERAL ENTRIES

They pick the experience candidates or people from other companies. The following is

the process of lateral entry recruitment:

1. Sourcing

2. Interview

a. Written test

b. Technical round interview

c. Personal Interview

TRAINING

Training is an on-going process aimed at capability-building of the employees at all

levels. Training programme is classified into

Skills

Knowledge

Behaviour

WORKMEN CAPABILITY BUILDING

Training & Development for the unionized employees at the manufacturing units is

focused on skill development. Both internal and external training is given for associates.

Guest lectures of external faculty and various other industrial visits will be arranged for

associates. In addition to some programmes like engineering drawing and waste

elimination are also conducted.

TRAINING FOR SENIOR/ MIDDLE LEVEL MANAGEMENT

Both external and internal training is given for the executives. Faculty from outside

agencies will be arranged for training them. They also get faculty from corporate level.

Training for senior/middle level management is done on the following basis:

1. Technical

2. Behavioral

3. Functional

DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES

The following are the developmental activities:

TEI – Total Employee Involvement

CFG – Cross Functional Group

QC – Quality Control

SS – Suggestion Scheme

EMPLOYEE RETENTION/INCENTIVES

Performance linked pay

The company has an annual appraisal system in place and pursuant to this system,

performance linked pay, annual variable pay and/or commission is paid to the employees.

HR Initiatives

There is a HR initiative called “SEED”. In this, employees are welcomed to provide

suggestions to improve quality, performance, cost reduction, etc., If their suggestions are

feasible, they are accepted and the others are rejected. A cash award, awards such as

RESI, GEMBA passport is given to them as a token of appreciation. This motivates

people to contribute their ideas.

Employee welfare schemes

The following are the welfare schemes available to the employees.

Canteen facilities

Medical claims

Transport facilities

Ashok leyland school for their children

Scholarship schemes

Recreation facilities

PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

‘Performance appraisal is an objective assessment of an individual’s performance against

well defined benchmarks’. The performance appraisal method followed is based on the

Superior – subordinate relationship, whereby the superiors rate their subordinates. They

are rated on the basis of their performance.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Donations

Career guidance

AIDS awareness

Guest lectures for school and college students

PROMOTIONS

Promotions are given once in three years wherein there is elevation from one level to the

other. They give promotions based on the 3x3 matrix.

Performance

SEPERATIONS

When people leave the organization, Exit interviews are usually conducted to know the

reasons for leaving. The common reasons given are

Better opportunities

Financial problems

Lack of growth

Job clarity

ATTRITION

Attrition rate is noted to be 5.6% till December 2008.

A3 A2 A1

B3 B2 B1

C3 C2 CI

FINANCE

FINANCE FUNCTIONS:

1) Investment decisions

2) Financing decisions

3) Dividend decisions

4) Liquidity functions

ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGER:

1) Funds raising

2) Funds allocation

3) Profit planning

4) Understanding capital markets

SHAREHOLDING:

The following are the shareholders of Ashok Leyland Ltd:

51% owned by Hinduja group

12% - 14% owned by public

Remaining shares are owned by various financial institutions

DIVIDEND POLICY:

The Board may, at its discretion, recommend dividends to be paid to the shareholders.

Generally, the factors that may be considered by the Board of Directors before making

any recommendations for the dividend include, without limitation, the future expansion

Splans and capital requirements, profits earned during the fiscal year, cost of raising

funds from alternate sources ,liquidity position, applicable taxes including tax on

dividend, as well as exemptions under tax laws available to various categories of

investors from time to time and general market conditions. The Board of Directors may

also from time to time pay interim dividends to the shareholders. Dividends, other than

interim dividends, will be declared at the annual general meeting of the shareholders

based on the recommendation of the Board of Directors.

BUDGET:

The funds which are required by the organisation are provided by the corporate office,

Chennai. These funds are allocated to the departments whenever there is requirement.

ALLOCATION OF FUNDS:

Funds are allocated for various purposes of the departments. They allocate funds for day

to day activities and also for various projects and also for special projects, they also

allocate for payroll.

PAYROLL:

They use the customized ERP to pay salary to the employees. Every month on

10th salary is paid for the workers and on 28th salary is paid for the executives.

SYSTEMS

The systems department maintains and updates the software / data used in the unit. The

department also maintains the intra network and also does the system maintenance.

System is an orderly grouping of independent components linked together according to a

plan to achieve a specific objective. System is a combination of resources working

together to convert the input to useful output. The total arrangement of the required

entities takes place in this department.

Ashok Leyland Network Connectivity

Supplier

ASHOK LEYLAND ERP- FAMILY MEMBERS:

ALMAP- Manufacturing

ALMARK- Marketing

Hosur- unit IHosur- Unit II

Bhandara

ENNORE

AL - AU

DCUMKTGALWAR

Internet

Corporate

ALFIN- Finance

ALPAY- Payroll

ALPMS- Plant maintenance

ALEMS- Environmental management

ALHR- Human resources

ALCORP- Corporate functions

ALSCM – Supply Chain Management

ALPD – Product Development

ALNPRD – Non Production

ALIMS – Information Management System

SWOT ANALYSIS

STRENGH OF THE COMPANY

1. Good Training System.

2. Good Organisational Climate.

3. High Market Share

4. Skilled Employees

5. Strong Functional Structure

6. Standard Quality Product

WEAKNESS OF THE COMPANY

1. Low margin

2. High price

3. Sales representatives are less

4. There is no proper mechanism to handle the grievance of the customers

OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE COMPANY

1. Due to liberalization, demand for heavy vehicle have steeped up all over the

globe.

2. National market through good advertisement.

3. Company provides better credit facility to dealers.

4. Company introduces promotional programmes

THREATS FACED BY THE COMPANY

1. High competion

2. Liberal credit policy of other brand

3. Promotional programmes of other brand

4. Complicated national market

5. Good replacement facility if other brands.