Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell
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Transcript of Viruses Not living Have DNA or RNA + protein coat Must reproduce inside a host cell
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VirusesNot livingHave DNA or RNA + protein coatMust reproduce inside a host cellHave receptors on their protein coat for
specific cells (ex: Helper T cells and HIV)
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Review of Animal Kingdom
DomainsKingdoms
PhylaClasses
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Domain Archaea
Prokaryotic cellsLive in extreme environmentsKingdom Archaebacteria
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Domain Bacteria
ProkaryoticFamiliar forms of bacteriaKingdom Eubacteria
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Domain Eukarya
All organisms with eukaryotic cellsIncludes all animals, plants, fungi and
protistsUnicellular or multicellularHeterotrophic or autotrophic
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Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom FungiHeterotrophicUsually multicellular, but some are
unicellularCell walls made of chitinPredigest food outside the body and
absorb itMushrooms, yeasts, mold, mildew
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Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom PlantaeAutotrophicMulticellularCell walls made of celluloseTrees, flowering plants mosses, ferns,
conifers
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Kingdom Protista
Kingdom ProtistaHodgepodge of groupsTaxonomists are working on thisHeterotrophic or AutotrophicUnicellular or MulticellularMostly aquaticInclude parasites that cause malaria and
leishmaniasis, algae, and some that exhibit characteristics of fungi
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Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom AnimaliaHeterotrophicMulticellularAnimals of all types: sponges, jellyfish, worms,
mollusks, arthropods like insects, and vertebrates
Phylums studied are: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Mollusca,Echinodermata & Chordata as well as the classes of vertebrates
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Phylum Characteristics
Phylum Porifera
Types of cells grouped into a body with no symmetry or tissues
Sponges
Phylum Cnidaria
Two germ layersTissuesTwo body types:polyp
and medusaStinging cells
(nematocysts)Corals,
anemones,jellyfish
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
FlatwormsSome parasitic, some free-livingAcoelomate, bilateral symmetryProtostome developmentGastrovascular cavity with one openingThree germ layersFlukes, tapeworms, Planaria
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Phylum Nematoda
RoundwormsParasitic and free-living in soilCuticle shed periodicallyProtostome developmentThree germ layers, bilateral symmetryPseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined
with mesodermAscaris was what we dissected adapted for
parasitism, well-developed reproductive systemSimple digestive tract with two openings
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Phylum Mollusca
Snails, slugs, octopus, clams, squidThree germ layers true coelom-body cavity lined with mesodermNot segmented, bilateral symmetryRespiratory system, gills or across mantle cavityDigestive system with two openingsBoth open and closed circulatory systemsNerve ganglion, simple nervous systems (except
cephalopods)Dissected the clam
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Phylum Arthropoda
Most successful phylumThree subgroups:crustaceans like lobster and shrimp,
insects & arachnids or spiders ticks and mitesExoskeletonThree germ layersCoelomFlight and other adaptationsJointed appendagesOpen circulatory systemExcretory adaptationsComplete digestive system
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Phylum Echinidermate
Deuterostome developmentWater vascular systemInner skeleton of plates of calciumStarfish
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Phylum Chordata
Two groups are not vertebrates:tunicates and lancelets
All chordates have: dorsal, hollow nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches,and a post-anal tail
All classes of remaining chordates have vertebrae
All coelomates, three germ layers, well developed body systems
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Vertebrates-Fish
Some fish groups have cartilage skeletonsMost have bony skeletonsClass Chondricthyes have cartilage
skeletons Class Osteichthyes has bony skeletonsGills and excretory system, lateral line,
swim bladder adapts them to an aquatic life
Sharks, walleye, tuna, manta rays
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Vertebrates-Amphibians
Adapted for water and landMust be near water to reproduce Frogs, caecilians, salamandersMoist skinBreathe via skin and small lungsKidney and excretory systemSexual reproduction –external fertilizationClass Amphibia
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Vertebrates-Reptiles
Dry scaly skinAmniote egg allows reproduction with no
water neededEctothermic-use heat from the
environment to warm themLizards, snakesClass ReptiliaHeat-sensing organs for finding prey
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Vertebrates-Birds
Class AvesAll birds, including flightless birdsAir spaces, feathers, keel for flightEvolved from reptilesEndothermic- metabolism provides heat to
warm the body
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Vertebrates-Mammals
Class MammaliaDiaphragmMammary glandsFur or hairEndothermicLarger brain than other classes of
vertebrates