Virtualization Essentials Student Handbook
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Transcript of Virtualization Essentials Student Handbook
© Copyright 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.
VIRTUALIZATION ESSENTIALS
STUDENT HANDBOOKr1.1.0
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The information contained in this classroom material is subject to change without notice.
This material contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
No part of this material may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language
without the prior consent of ITpreneurs Nederland B.V.
Copyright © 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.
The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax, and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.
Sample
Copyright © 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.
Sample
Copyright © 2012 by ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.
The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax,
Sample
The language used in this course is US English. Our sources of reference for grammar, syntax, and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the
Sample
and mechanics are The Chicago Manual of Style, The American Heritage Dictionary, and the Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.
Sample
Microsoft Manual of Style for Technical Publications.
Materia
l The information contained in this classroom material is subject to change without notice.
Materia
l The information contained in this classroom material is subject to change without notice.
This material contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
Materia
l This material contains proprietary information that is protected by copyright.
No part of this material may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language
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l No part of this material may be photocopied, reproduced, or translated to another language
without the prior consent of ITpreneurs Nederland B.V.
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without the prior consent of ITpreneurs Nederland B.V.
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ContentList of Icons 3
Module 1: Course Introduction 5
Introductions 5
Overview 6
Course Learning Objectives 7
Course Agenda 8
Case Study 10
Introduction of PureNRG 11
Organizational Chart 13
PureNRG’s CIO 14
History 16
PureNRG’s Business Units 18
Closing 20
Course Portfolio 21
Acknowledgements 22
Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23
2.0 Introduction 23
2.1 Defi nitions and Concepts 26
2.2 Virtualization in Context 30
2.3 Virtualization Readiness 47
2.4 Virtualization Landscape 55
End of Module Questions 61
Module 3: Business Perspective 65
3.0 Introduction 65
3.1 Business Value 68
Quiz 85
3.2 Inhibitors and Challenges 88
Case Study Assignment 94
End of Module Questions 98
Module 4: Server Virtualization for the Data Center 101
4.0 Introduction 101
4.1 Server Virtualization Overview 104
4.2 Types of Server Virtualization 109
4.3 Leading Platforms 124
4.4 Unique Features 129
End of Module Questions 142
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3.1 Business Value
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3.1 Business Value
Quiz
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3.2 Inhibitors and Challenges
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3.2 Inhibitors and Challenges
Case Study Assignment
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Case Study Assignment
End of Module Questions
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End of Module Questions
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2.4 Virtualization Landscape
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End of Module Questions
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Module 3: Business Perspective
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Module 3: Business Perspective
3.0 Introduction Materia
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3.1 Business Value Materia
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PureNRG’s Business Units 18
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Acknowledgements 22Not Acknowledgements 22
Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23Not Module 2: Introduction to Virtualization 23
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PureNRG’s Business Units 18for
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ContentModule 5: The Virtual Data Center: Storage, Networks and Applications 145
5.0 Introduction 145
5.1 Virtualization and Storage 150
5.2 Virtualization and the Network 163
5.3 Systems Management 173
5.4 Opportunities for Application Developers 177
5.5 Case Study Assignment 183
End of Module Questions 186
Module 6: Workplace Virtualization Technologies 189
6.0 Introduction 189
6.1 Workplace virtualization Overview 192
6.2 Challenges and Solutions 211
End of Module Questions 224
Module 7: Adopting Virtualization 227
7.0 Introduction 227
7.1 Roadmaps 230
7.2 Service Introduction 245
7.3 Migration Technologies 253
Case Study Assignment 268
End of Module Questions 275
Module 8: Operating Virtualization 279
8.0 Introduction 279
8.1 Impact on Service Management Processes 285
8.2 Virtualization and Service Management 299
End of Module Questions 309
Module 9: Governing Virtualization 313
9.0 Introduction 313
9.1 Risk Management 316
9.2 Financial Management 329
9.3 Sharing Policy and IT Management 334
End of Module Questions 338
Mock Exam 341Appendix A: Case Study 353Appendix B: Answers 357Release Notes 423Student Feedback Form 425
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8.2 Virtualization and Service Management
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8.2 Virtualization and Service Management
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End of Module Questions
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End of Module Questions
Module 9: Governing Virtualization
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Module 9: Governing Virtualization
9.0 Introduction
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9.0 Introduction
9.1 Risk Management
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9.1 Risk Management
9.2 Financial Management
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9.2 Financial Management
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8.0 Introduction
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8.2 Virtualization and Service Management Materia
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List of IconsSpeech bubble Case study
Note Brainstorm
Real world connect Read More
Easy to digest Match the following
Please Read Role Play
Discussion Good to know
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Defi nition
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 5
Student | Course Introduction
INTRODUCTIONS
Hello, and welcome to the Virtualization Essentials course! This course provides a balanced approach to learning the business perspectives, technical organization, and principles for operating and governing virtualization.
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l Hello, and welcome to the Virtualization Essentials course! This course provides a balanced approach to learning the business perspectives, technical organization, and principles for operating and governing
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.6
Virtualization Essentials
OVERVIEW
The Virtualization Essentials course introduces good practices for the virtual domain, and it will enable you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM (VEP) certifi cation.
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l The Virtualization Essentials course introduces good practices for the virtual domain, and it will enable you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM
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l you to pass the associated Foundation exam to achieve the Virtualization Essentials ProfessionalTM
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 7
Student | Course Introduction
COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES
This module will aid you in understanding the listed learning objectives.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.8
Virtualization Essentials
COURSE AGENDA
Day1 Virtualization Essentials
Module Subject Start End Total Time(in hours)
1 Course Introduction 08:00 08:30 00:30
2 Introduction to Virtualization 08:30 09:30 01:00
3 Business Perspective 09:30 11:00 01:30
4 Virtualization for the Data Center: Server Virtualization 11:00 12:00 01:00
LUNCH 12:00 01:00 01:00
4 Virtualization for the Data Center: Server Virtualization 01:00 02:30 01:30
5 Virtualization for the Data Center: Storage, Networks, and Applications
02:30 05:00 02:30
Homework (review of day’s material) 05:00 06:00 01:00
Total 10:00
Total (Less Lunch and Homework) 08:00
Day2 Virtualization Essentials
Module Subject Start End Total Time(in hours)
6 Workplace Virtualization Technologies 08:30 10:00 01:30
7 Adopting Virtualization 10:00 12:00 02:00
LUNCH 12:00 01:00 01:00
8 Virtualization and Service Management 01:00 03:00 02:00
9 Governing Virtualization 03:00 05:00 02:00
Exam 05:00 06:00 01:00
Total 09:30
Total (Less Lunch and Exam) 07:30
Total Contact Hours 15:30Sample
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8 Virtualization and Service Management
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9 Governing Virtualization
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 9
Student | Course Introduction
The Virtualization Essentials course contains nine graduated modules: Module 1 introduces the basic defi nitions and concepts of virtualization. Module 2 discusses the opportunities and challenges that virtualization brings for data center
managers, application developers, and business units. Module 3 examines traditional data-center servers, storage, and network devices. Modules 4 and 5 explain how virtualization techniques apply to each of these types of
devices. Module 6 shows how the workplace can be virtualized. Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your
organization — road maps and maturity models. The fi nal two modules cover operating and maintaining virtualization.
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Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your
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Module 2 discusses the opportunities and challenges that virtualization brings for data center
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Module 3 examines traditional data-center servers, storage, and network devices.
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Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your Reprin
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Module 7 contains two types of tools to guide you in applying virtualization in your
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.10
Virtualization Essentials
CASE STUDY
In some modules, you will fi nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these case studies. Mary please take it from here.Mary : Hi, I am Mary. I’m glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced as ‘energy’) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments throughout the course.
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throughout the course.
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throughout the course.Materia
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l fi nd assignments based on a case study. Mary will guide you through these fi
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l case studies. Mary please take it from here.Mary : Hi, I am Mary. I’m glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced
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l Mary : Hi, I am Mary. I’m glad to have the opportunity to introduce the PureNRG(should be pronounced as ‘energy’) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of
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as ‘energy’) organization to you. During the next few minutes, I will provide you with an overview of the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments Mate
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the organization. You will need the information in this overview to provide the answers to assignments throughout the course.Mate
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throughout the course.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 11
Student | Course Introduction
INTRODUCTION OF PURENRG
As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable energy production and distribution.PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities, distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.
PureNRGThe PureNRG Organization
Is headquartered in the United Kingdom. Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized. Has research facilities in the US and Japan. Has been through many mergers and acquisitions since the year 2000. Focuses on green energy production and distribution. Wants to be the #1 energy provider in the industry.
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PureNRG
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PureNRGThe PureNRG Organization
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The PureNRG Organization
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Is headquartered in the United Kingdom.
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Is headquartered in the United Kingdom.
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Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized.
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Was established in 1988, right after the electricity industry was privatized.
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l As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable
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l As you might expect, PureNRG is an energy company that is focusing its core business on sustainable energy production and distribution.
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l energy production and distribution.PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities,
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l PureNRG is vertically integrated, which means it controls generating facilities, transmission facilities, distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.
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distribution lines, customer-access equipment, and billing and accounting services.PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.Mate
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PureNRG has a strong brand name, and the company is known to be a dependable energy supplier.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.12
Virtualization Essentials
The IT Organization o Employs close to 800 IT staff.
o Focuses on providing more functionality.
o Develops many in-house applications.
o Possesses a low level of standardization.
o Places priority on IT security.
o Must conform to increasing compliance requirements.
The Plant o The objective of this business unit is to produce electricity and, while doing so, maximize
profi t and reduce cost.
Trading o The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for
its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices are high.
Sales & Distribution o This business unit manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages
its sales.
R&D o Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to
keep its leading position.
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Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to - Research and development develops new products and technologies for PureNRG to Not This business unit manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages
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The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for for
The trading unit buys and sells energy. It buys when PureNRG is short on electricity for its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices for
its customers or when prices are low. It sells when it has excess electricity or when prices
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The objective of this business unit is to produce electricity and, while doing so, maximize
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 13
Student | Course Introduction
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
Mary: Let’s have a look at the other team members of PureNRG.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.14
Virtualization Essentials
PURENRG’S CIO
Mary: Let me introduce you to Daniel, PureNRG’s CIO. Daniel, can you tell us a little bit about your IT organization?Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves. Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and we’re doing everything we can to modernize our IT organization. For example, we’ve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and fl exible environment. I look forward to your input!
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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, we’ve been reducing the complexity of our IT
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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, we’ve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and
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landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and
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I look forward to your input!
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Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies
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l Daniel: Hi Mary, thank you for the introduction. Sure, I can tell you about PureNRG. Energy companies can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves.
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can win new customers through price point, services, and new technologies to differentiate themselves. Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and we’re doing everything we Mate
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Our IT organization needs to support all these efforts appropriately and we’re doing everything we Materia
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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, we’ve been reducing the complexity of our IT Materia
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can to modernize our IT organization. For example, we’ve been reducing the complexity of our IT landscape, improving the availability of our services, and providing a secure and Mate
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 15
Student | Course Introduction
Monitor-on-DemandThis online portal allows our customers to control their appliances through an online portal as well as review their electricity usage per appliance.
Bill-BackPureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment and hosting the application in a virtual environment.
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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it
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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment
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could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment
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and hosting the application in a virtual environment.
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and hosting the application in a virtual environment.Mate
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This online portal allows our customers to control their appliances through an online portal as well as
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PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power
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PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that Mate
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grid, and it expects this program to grow rapidly over the next 10 years. However, the billing system that Materia
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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it Materia
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PureNRG is currently using cannot support this initiative. PureNRG ran a pilot with a new system, but it could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment Mate
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could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.16
Virtualization Essentials
HISTORY
Mary: Let’s take a look at PureNRG’s history to better understand what it is trying to achieve today.
1988-1999When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry.
2000-2010 In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin,
and the Finnish electricity company, GDN. ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004. After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to
PureNRG. Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a
strong focus on R&D in the fi eld of green energy. In 2008, PureNRG acquired two R&D facilities, one in Japan for tidal energy research and
the other in the US for solar-energy research, to become a worldwide leader in green energy production.Sample
2000-2010
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2000-2010In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin,
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In 2000, the company acquired the Swedish, formerly state-owned utility company, Sandin, and the Finnish electricity company, GDN.
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and the Finnish electricity company, GDN.
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ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004.
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ElectriCo began investing in solar-powered energy after 2004.
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After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to
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After entering the Dutch and German markets in 2005, the company changed its name to PureNRG.
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PureNRG.
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Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a
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Recently, they have acquired the fourth largest utility company in France, Aloge, which had a
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l Mary: Let’s take a look at PureNRG’s history to better understand what it is trying to achieve today.
When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based
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l When the British government privatized the electrical power industry in 1988, the London-based ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a Mate
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ElectriCo acquired a coal plant owned by Harrison Ltd., one of the major coal plants in the UK. After a few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry. Mate
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few similar acquisitions, ElectriCo became a leading player in the UK energy industry.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 17
Student | Course Introduction
2010-PresentPureNRG does not plan any further mergers or acquisitions and wants to start focusing on improving the company internally. They will start by addressing some of the major problems in their IT organization:
Diffi culty in maintaining many different applications and platforms Improving the availability of trading systems Balancing the load on the reporting software from Sales & Distribution Diffi culty in managing the R&D department remotely
Sample
Mate
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Not for
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rintcompany internally. They will start by addressing some of the major problems in their IT organization:
Reprin
tcompany internally. They will start by addressing some of the major problems in their IT organization:
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.18
Virtualization Essentials
PURENRG’S BUSINESS UNITS
Plant The core business for each plant is to produce energy cost effi ciently. The IT component consists of monitoring and measurement systems to control how much coal
is burnt, the amount of energy produced, which switches to operate, and so on. The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.
Sales and Distribution Sales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages
its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.
Sample
Sales and Distribution
Sample
Sales and DistributionSales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages
Sample
Sales and Distribution manages the sale of electricity, just as any other organization manages its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.
Sample
its sales. This core function requires attendant tasks, such as CRM, billing, and accounting.
Materia
l
Materia
l
Materia
l The core business for each plant is to produce energy cost ef
Materia
l The core business for each plant is to produce energy cost efThe IT component consists of monitoring and measurement systems to control how much coal
Materia
l The IT component consists of monitoring and measurement systems to control how much coal is burnt, the amount of energy produced, which switches to operate, and so on.Mate
rial
is burnt, the amount of energy produced, which switches to operate, and so on.The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.Mate
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The systems are very specialized, and some are built in-house.
Sales and DistributionMateria
l
Sales and Distribution
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 19
Student | Course Introduction
PureNRG has recently started a large initiative to allow customers to deliver energy back to the power grid in a program known as Bill-Back.
The new billing system for Bill-Back could not handle the load. PureNRG is now looking at creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual environment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG.
Trading Energy trading systems are very specifi c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized
applications. PureNRG’s traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and
customization. Trading systems should be online at all times.
R&D The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure. PureNRG’s facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRG’s network. Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.
Sample
Mate
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Not Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.
Not Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.for
The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.
for The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.
PureNRG’s facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRG’s network.for
PureNRG’s facilities in Japan and the US are not yet connected to PureNRG’s network.for
Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.for
Both facilities are situated in remote locations, with their own separate IT infrastructures.
Reprin
tat creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual
Reprin
tat creating a virtualized development environment to host a new billing system in a virtual environment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG.
Reprin
tenvironment that would allow clients to produce energy and sell it back to PureNRG.
c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized
Reprin
t c in nature, and PureNRG has many customized
PureNRG’s traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and
Reprin
tPureNRG’s traders use many regular spreadsheets because they require more detail and
The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.Reprin
t
The working environment and networks must be responsive and secure.
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.20
Virtualization Essentials
CLOSING
Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all the information that we’ve just considered, but you will also fi nd additional, detailed information.If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.
Sample
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l Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all
Materia
l Mary: You must download the PDF on PureNRG and read it. The PDF document not only contains all the information that we’ve just considered, but you will also
Materia
l the information that we’ve just considered, but you will also
Materia
l If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.
Materia
l If you want to revisit the case study, simply browse to Module 1.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 21
Student | Course Introduction
COURSE PORTFOLIO
Don’t forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you haven’t done so already. It will enable you to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials ProfessionalTM (CEP) certifi cation.
Sample
Mate
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l
Materia
l
Materia
l Don’t forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you haven’t done so already. It will enable you
Materia
l Don’t forget to check out the Cloud Essentials course if you haven’t done so already. It will enable you to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials Professional
Materia
l to pass the Cloud Essentials exam to achieve the Cloud Essentials Professional
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.22
Virtualization Essentials
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 23
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies have made signifi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress of these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much more effi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure sharing across organizational lines.
Topic Learning Roadmap
2.0.1Module Learning
Objectives
2.0.2Topics Covered in This Module
Sample
sharing across organizational lines.
Sample
sharing across organizational lines.
Sample
Topic Learning Roadmap
Sample
Topic Learning Roadmap
Sample
Sample
2.0.1
Sample
2.0.1
Module Learning
Sample
Module Learning
Materia
l
Materia
l
Materia
l Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies
Materia
l Have you heard about virtualization and cloud computing? Over the past few years, these technologies have made signi
Materia
l have made signifi
Materia
l fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress
Materia
l cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fi
Materia
l fi cant changes to the way information technology (IT) is organized. With the progress fi
of these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important
Materia
l of these technologies, it has become less important to own a particular server and more important to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much
Materia
l
to share computing resources. Virtualization enables hardware to be shared among users in a much fi Mate
rial
fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure Materia
l
cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fi Materia
l
fi cient way than previously possible. Cloud computing builds on this capability, allowing secure fisharing across organizational lines.Mate
rial
sharing across organizational lines.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.24
Virtualization Essentials
2.0.1 Module Learning Objectives
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 25
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
2.0.2 Topics Covered in This Module
This module provides an introduction to the topic of virtualization.
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Materia
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Materia
l This module provides an introduction to the topic of virtualization.
Materia
l This module provides an introduction to the topic of virtualization.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.26
Virtualization Essentials
2.1 DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS
Virtualization
Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.
Sample
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l
Materia
l Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set
Materia
l Nonvirtualized computers have one set of hardware and one set of software. Virtualization is a set of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other
Materia
l
of techniques for hiding hardware resources behind software abstractions to simplify the way other software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when Mate
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software or end users interact with those resources. Consequently, a single server computer, when virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.Mate
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virtualized, can run multiple operating systems.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 27
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Virtualization (Contd.)
The popular press typically identifi es virtualization as a software category. However, in an enterprise, virtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware, and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.
Sample
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Materia
l The popular press typically identi
Materia
l The popular press typically identifi
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l fi
virtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware,
Materia
l virtualization should be understood as an integrated approach encompassing software, hardware,
Materia
l and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT
Materia
l and a number of techniques and processes that when taken together, increase the ease with which IT assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.
Materia
l assets can be delivered, managed, and shared.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.28
Virtualization Essentials
Virtualization Defi ned
There is no single defi nition of virtualization. Users, vendors, and technology providers all have their own specifi c views.
Sample
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l
Materia
l nition of virtualization. Users, vendors, and technology providers all have their
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l nition of virtualization. Users, vendors, and technology providers all have their
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Topics Covered in This Module
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Virtualization Essentials
2.2 VIRTUALIZATION IN CONTEXT
Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it fi ts. Among today’s IT strategies, virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure — valuable in its own right, but setting the stage for better things to come.
Topic Learning Roadmap
2.2.1A Brief History of
Virtualization
2.2.2Virtualization and Cloud Computing
in Context
2.2.3IT Delivery
Sample
Sample
Topic Learning Roadmap
Sample
Topic Learning Roadmap
Sample
Sample
2.2.1
Sample
2.2.1A Brief History of
Sample
A Brief History of A Brief History of
Sample
A Brief History of
Virtualization
Sample
Virtualization
Sample
Sample
Virtualization and
Sample
Virtualization and
Materia
l
Materia
l
Materia
l Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it
Materia
l Now that we know a bit about virtualization, we should consider where it virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure — valuable in its own right, but
Materia
l virtualization is best seen as a step on the way to modern infrastructure — valuable in its own right, but setting the stage for better things to come.
Materia
l setting the stage for better things to come.
Materia
l
Topic Learning RoadmapMateria
l
Topic Learning RoadmapMateria
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 31
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Technical and Operational Points of View
Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view. Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.Where did this journey begin?
Sample
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l
Materia
l
Materia
l Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view.
Materia
l Virtualization can be understood from a technical point of view or from an IT operations point of view. Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.
Materia
l Regardless of how you look at it, virtualization is part of a journey.
Materia
l Where did this journey begin?
Materia
l Where did this journey begin?
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.32
Virtualization Essentials
2.2.1 A Brief History of Virtualization
History
1960-19691964: IBM begins development of CP-40.1966: IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966.1968: CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.
1970-19791972: VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/CMS, but not made part of standard releases.1973: First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.
1980-19991985: October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.1988: SoftPC 1.0 DOS emulator for Sun and Apple Macintosh introduced by Insignia Solutions.1997: First version of Virtual PC for Macintosh platform released in June 1997 by Connectix.1999: February 8, 1999, VMware introduces the VMware Virtual Platform for the Intel IA-32 architecture.
2000-20052000: IBM announces z/VM, a new version of VM for IBM’s 64-bit z/Architecture.2001: Connectix launches its fi rst version of Virtual PC for Windows.
Sample
CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.
Sample
CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.
1970-1979
Sample
1970-1979 VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run
Sample
VM/370 is announced and running on announcement date. VM/370 includes the ability to run a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/
Sample
a virtual machine (VM) under a VM, previously implemented both at IBM and at user sites under CP/CMS, but not made part of standard releases.
Sample
CMS, but not made part of standard releases.1973:
Sample
1973: First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.
Sample
First shipment of announced virtual memory S/370 models.
1980-1999
Sample
1980-19991985:
Sample
1985: October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.
Sample
October 9, 1985: Announcement of the Intel 80286-based AT&T 6300+ with Simultask.
1988: Sample
1988:
Materia
l
Materia
l
Materia
l IBM begins development of CP-40.
Materia
l IBM begins development of CP-40. IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966.Mate
rial
IBM ships the S/360-67 computer in June 1966. CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.Mate
rial
CP/CMS is installed at eight initial customer sites.
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
VMware creates the fi rst x86 server-virtualization product.IBM launches AIX5L and Power4, allowing the partitioning of servers.2003: First release of fi rst open-source x86 hypervisor, Xen.February 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased product called Virtual Server) from Connectix Corporation.Late 2003, EMC acquires VMware for $635 million.2005: Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and SPARC systems.
2006-Present2006: July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.Microsoft Virtual PC 2006 is released as a free program, also in July.Sun announces LDOM hardware logical partitioning.July 17, 2006 Microsoft buys Softricity.2007: Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris Container on a Solaris 10 system — for SPARC only.Citrix buys XenSource.2008: Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.2009: Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.VMware announces vsphere 4.2010: VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.
Sample
Mate
rial VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.
Materia
l VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.- VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.- VMware announces View 4.5 and vCloud virtualization platforms.
Not Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.
Not Citrix releases the XenServer, XenDesktop, and XenApp product lines.In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.
Not In April, VMware releases VMware Workstation 6.5.Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.Not Microsoft introduces Windows Server 2008 with Hyper-V.
Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.Not Red Hat announces Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization.
for
Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris for
Sun releases Solaris 8 Containers to enable migration of a Solaris 8 computer into a Solaris
Reprin
tFebruary 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased
Reprin
tFebruary 18, 2003, Microsoft acquires virtualization technologies (Virtual PC and an unreleased
Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and
Reprin
t Sun releases Solaris (Operating System) 10, including Solaris Zones, for both x86/x64 and
July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.Reprin
t July 12, 2006, VMware releases VMware Server and Virtual Infrastructure 3.
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.34
Virtualization Essentials
Today
Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for less money — it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.
Sample
Mate
rial
Materia
l
Materia
l Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the
Materia
l Much of the current interest in virtualization is concerned with re-creating the robust capabilities of the more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.
Materia
l more-mature, proprietary platforms on the less-expensive, commodity distributed platforms.Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for
Materia
l Achieving these capabilities on cheap, plentiful machines does not just replicate the old capability for less money — it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to
Materia
l
less money — it radically changes the value proposition for virtualization. It now becomes possible to
Materia
l
imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and Materia
l
imagine a world where any IT workload can run anywhere. This is analogous to the way laptops and mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.Mate
rial
mobile phones have transformed the concept of where a workplace can be located.
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Patents
Although elements of virtualization have been around for a long time, innovation in this fi eld continues to accelerate.The diagram shows a strong increase in patents from 2007 onwards. That much patent activity indicates a massive investment in this fi eld. What is driving this investment?
Sample
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Materia
l
Materia
l Although elements of virtualization have been around for a long time, innovation in this
Materia
l Although elements of virtualization have been around for a long time, innovation in this
The diagram shows a strong increase in patents from 2007 onwards. That much patent activity indicates
Materia
l The diagram shows a strong increase in patents from 2007 onwards. That much patent activity indicates
Materia
l
a massive investment in this
Materia
l
a massive investment in this
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Virtualization Essentials
CPU Transistor Counts
The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next generation of the server can handle even more applications.
Sample
Mate
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Materia
l
Materia
l The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity
Materia
l The diagram shows the number of transistors packed into each successive generation of commodity CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.
Materia
l CPUs. The scale of the chart is logarithmic; the power of CPUs doubles every 18-24 months.The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next
Materia
l The point of this graph is that a single server can typically handle a lot of applications, and each next generation of the server can handle even more applications.
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l
generation of the server can handle even more applications.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 37
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Programming
Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and experience.Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent acceleration of virtualization.
Sample
Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal
Sample
Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent
Sample
programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent acceleration of virtualization.
Sample
acceleration of virtualization.Mate
rial
Materia
l
Materia
l Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming
Materia
l Programmers are no longer able to take advantage of this much power with conventional programming techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all
Materia
l techniques. This was earthshaking news back in 2005 when it seemed that programmers would all have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.
Materia
l have to be retrained or the new hardware would remain underutilized.Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential
Materia
l Applications increasingly need to be concurrent in order to fully exploit the continuing exponential
Materia
l
CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and Materia
l
CPU throughput gains. Concurrent programming is complicated, subtle, and requires both training and experience. Mate
rial
experience.Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal Mate
rial
Virtualization allows us to keep these incredibly fast machines busy with programs written by normal programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent Mate
rial
programmers without these specialized skills. In large part, this factor is what is behind the recent
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.38
Virtualization Essentials
2.2.2 Virtualization and Cloud Computing in Context
Cloud Computing
In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted between data centers. Because we don’t know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the underlying technology is old, the emergence of cloud providers has created new possibilities for IT and business units. That’s why cloud computing is more a business model than a technology.
Sample
Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the
Sample
Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the underlying technology is old, the emergence of cloud providers has created new possibilities for IT and
Sample
underlying technology is old, the emergence of cloud providers has created new possibilities for IT and
Sample
business units. That’s why cloud computing is more a business model than a technology.
Sample
business units. That’s why cloud computing is more a business model than a technology.
Materia
l
Materia
l
Materia
l In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting
Materia
l In cloud computing, the cloud service provider will provide access to the software, takes care of hosting and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the
Materia
l and storage, and can also help developers rapidly create applications. Where the provider keeps the hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted Mate
rial
hardware is their business. It might be in a dedicated data center, in multiple data centers, or shifted between data centers. Because we don’t know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Mate
rial
between data centers. Because we don’t know the exact location, we call it cloud computing.Materia
l
Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the Materia
l
Cloud computing makes use of existing technologies, such as virtualization. Although some of the
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 39
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Enabling Technology
Virtualization is an enabling technology for cloud computing and cloud computing services. For cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without virtualization, the cloud becomes very diffi cult to manage.In addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.These steps must be understood as part of an organization’s journey — not only a change in technology, but a transformation in how IT is delivered.
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These steps must be understood as part of an organization’s journey — not only a change in technology,
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These steps must be understood as part of an organization’s journey — not only a change in technology, but a transformation in how IT is delivered.
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but a transformation in how IT is delivered.Mate
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l Virtualization is an enabling technology for cloud computing and cloud computing services. For cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without
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l cloud computing to occur, it is necessary to separate resources from their physical location. Without virtualization, the cloud becomes very dif
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l virtualization, the cloud becomes very difIn addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with
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In addition, cloud computing is a business model where ownership of physical resources rests with
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one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for Materia
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one party, and the service users are billed for their real use. An organization can use virtualization for internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.Mate
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internal customers. Cloud computing presupposes external service users.These steps must be understood as part of an organization’s journey — not only a change in technology, Mate
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These steps must be understood as part of an organization’s journey — not only a change in technology,
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.40
Virtualization Essentials
2.2.3 IT Delivery
Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more fl exible and cost-effi cient way of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and technologies.
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l Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more
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l Virtualization and cloud computing are steps on a journey toward a more of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as
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l of delivering IT. To move physical hardware and software to the cloud, a transition must be made, as
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l shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and
Materia
l shown in the diagram, Transition in IT Delivery. The move will require new expertise, processes, and
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
IT Delivery (Contd.)
When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.
Virtualization SpecialistsAs an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of new technology, such as hypervisors, remote desktops, and virtualized storage. These new platforms not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.
Shared HardwareVirtualization makes in-house infrastructure vastly more effi cient by allowing teams to share hardware that is underutilized or utilized only at specifi c peak periods. The resulting savings from buying, housing, and supporting fewer devices, termed Asset Effi ciency, is one of the great benefi ts of virtualization.
HypervisorsVirtualization introduces a new layer between the server hardware and the operating system of the traditional IT stack. This new layer requires technical expertise to manage. It also means that organizational decisions regarding the server hardware and operating systems must be re-examined.
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not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.
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not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.
Shared Hardware
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Shared HardwareVirtualization makes in-house infrastructure vastly more ef
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Virtualization makes in-house infrastructure vastly more efthat is underutilized or utilized only at speci
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that is underutilized or utilized only at speciand supporting fewer devices, termed Asset Ef
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and supporting fewer devices, termed Asset Ef
Hypervisors
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HypervisorsVirtualization introduces a new layer between the server hardware and the operating system of
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Virtualization introduces a new layer between the server hardware and the operating system of
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l
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l
Materia
l When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are
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l When a company moves from physical space to virtual space, changes in people and technology are required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.
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l required. You need virtualization specialists, shared hardware, and hypervisors.
Virtualization Specialists
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l Virtualization SpecialistsAs an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of
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As an organization introduces virtualization, staff must acquire specialized skills in the management of new technology, such as hypervisors, remote desktops, and virtualized storage. These new platforms Mate
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new technology, such as hypervisors, remote desktops, and virtualized storage. These new platforms not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.Mate
rial
not only require a different approach, they must also be integrated with the rest of the organization.
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.42
Virtualization Essentials
IT Delivery (Contd.)
When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms must be adopted, and people should think about service and not hardware.
Sourcing ExpertiseVirtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management and partner relationships skills; that is, sourcing expertise.
Common IT and Business StrategyIT strategy is always formulated in support of the business, but as an organization matures and engages in both sourcing in and delivering out capabilities in a cloud environment, IT decisions become decisions about who and where the company does business. IT and business strategy become inseparable. For staff to engage in successful strategy, they need to understand both the business they work in and IT.
FederationWhen applications are supplied by a number of independent providers, the need to ensure a consistent view of critical underlying data across these providers arises. One common challenge is identity federation, where multiple services trust each other’s user information, such as access rights and preferences. Another challenge is master data federation, where common corporate data, such as product inventories or customer data, is shared across a number of applications.
Sample
Virtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced
Sample
Virtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management
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IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management and partner relationships skills; that is, sourcing expertise.
Sample
and partner relationships skills; that is, sourcing expertise.
Common IT and Business Strategy
Sample
Common IT and Business StrategyIT strategy is always formulated in support of the business, but as an organization matures and engages
Sample
IT strategy is always formulated in support of the business, but as an organization matures and engages in both sourcing in and delivering out capabilities in a cloud environment, IT decisions become decisions
Sample
in both sourcing in and delivering out capabilities in a cloud environment, IT decisions become decisions about who and where the company does business. IT and business strategy become inseparable. For
Sample
about who and where the company does business. IT and business strategy become inseparable. For staff to engage in successful strategy, they need to understand both the business they work in and IT.
Sample
staff to engage in successful strategy, they need to understand both the business they work in and IT.
Federation
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FederationWhen applications are supplied by a number of independent providers, the need to ensure a consistent Sam
ple
When applications are supplied by a number of independent providers, the need to ensure a consistent
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l
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l
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l When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes
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l When a company moves from physical space to virtual space or from virtualization to the cloud, changes are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT
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l are required in people, processes, and technology. You need sourcing expertise and a common IT business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms
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l business strategy, as well as the Federation and Security processes. Cloud management platforms must be adopted, and people should think about service and not hardware.
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l must be adopted, and people should think about service and not hardware.
Sourcing Expertise Materia
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Sourcing ExpertiseVirtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced Mate
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Virtualization introduces the possibility, and Cloud Computing further requires that externally sourced IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management Mate
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IT services play a greater role in the overall IT mix. Organizations need staff with vendor management
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Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 43
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Security and RiskBecause cloud computing involves moving from an environment completely under in-house control to one in which a number of external vendors are relied upon, it poses unique challenges to the confi dentiality, integrity, and availability of data and processes with signifi cant bearing on the risk profi le of the organization.
Cloud Management PlatformsA company that adopts cloud computing must bring together diverse services from a variety of vendors, as well as in-house capabilities, in a consistent and consistently managed way. The emerging category of cloud management provides the capability to realize the potential of anytime, anywhere cloud computing.
Service, Not HardwareAs an organization becomes comfortable with virtualization, it stops talking about its servers and instead talks about the capacity it needs and where the capacity must be located. A company that adopts cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for just as long as their developers need them.
IT Delivery (Contd.)
Virtualization and cloud computing share the need for cross-silo expertise, dynamic environments, usage metering, self-service, automation, and management tools.
Cross-Silo ExpertiseAs an organization gains experience with virtualization, roles within IT delivery are redefi ned. Planning, provisioning, and troubleshooting require a combination of skills such as networking and UNIX system administration, which are often found in separate IT silos in a conventional enterprise.
Sample
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As an organization becomes comfortable with virtualization, it stops talking about its servers and instead
for As an organization becomes comfortable with virtualization, it stops talking about its servers and instead
and where the capacity must be
for and where the capacity must be located
for located
cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for
for cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for Rep
rintto one in which a number of external vendors are relied upon, it poses unique challenges to the
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tto one in which a number of external vendors are relied upon, it poses unique challenges to the cant bearing on the risk pro
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A company that adopts cloud computing must bring together diverse services from a variety of vendors,
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tas well as in-house capabilities, in a consistent and consistently managed way. The emerging category of cloud management provides the capability to realize the potential of anytime, anywhere cloud
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. A company that adopts cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for
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cloud computing can own a few servers while being able to deliver any number of virtual servers for
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.44
Virtualization Essentials
Dynamic EnvironmentIn a typical company, processes such as server installation and inventory management are oriented around confi guration changes that, once provisioned, will last for years. Virtualized and cloud environments scale up and down dynamically and require supporting processes to handle changes that might last for only minutes or hours. For example, a developer might bring up a network of fi fty VMs to test a batch job after lunch and be done with them at 5 o’clock.
Self-ServiceConventional procedures to buy equipment or make confi guration changes can take months to complete in a complex organization and are manually intensive; requests can become “lost in the mail.” A balanced approach to self-service, which maintains control over fi nancial, operational, and technical constraints and delivers quickly when a standard request is made, is typical of the benefi ts virtualization and cloud computing bring to business and IT users alike.
Usage MeteringBefore virtualization, hardware and software assets were typically allocated to an individual business area within a company. The owning group bore the cost of purchase, housing, and support. However, as sharing increases with virtualization and cloud computing, it becomes necessary to collect usage statistics to allocate costs fairly. The design of this metering is critical for the discipline of demand management, which keeps costs under control.
AutomationThe move from physical to virtual allows the automation of a much greater proportion of the IT workload than in a conventional environment. Separating the process of resource allocation in hardware purchase allows a much-more streamlined and effi cient process for delivering customer requests for capacity and change.
Management ToolsMost enterprises have invested in a set of management tools to handle IT confi gurations, help-desk processes, monitoring, and other familiar IT challenges. Virtualization, together with the virtual and cloud-operating models, means that the systems that underpin in-house systems management must evolve to support both the new technologies and the new, more-dynamic operating model.
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Mate
rial Most enterprises have invested in a set of management tools to handle IT con
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l Most enterprises have invested in a set of management tools to handle IT conprocesses, monitoring, and other familiar IT challenges. Virtualization, together with the virtual and
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l processes, monitoring, and other familiar IT challenges. Virtualization, together with the virtual and
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l cloud-operating models, means that the systems that underpin in-house systems management must
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l cloud-operating models, means that the systems that underpin in-house systems management must evolve to support both the new technologies and the new, more-dynamic operating model.
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l evolve to support both the new technologies and the new, more-dynamic operating model.
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statistics to allocate costs fairly. The design of this metering is critical for the discipline of demand
Not statistics to allocate costs fairly. The design of this metering is critical for the discipline of demand
The move from physical to virtual allows the automation of a much greater proportion of the IT workload Not The move from physical to virtual allows the automation of a much greater proportion of the IT workload than in a conventional environment. Separating the process of resource allocation in hardware purchase Not than in a conventional environment. Separating the process of resource allocation in hardware purchase
cient process for delivering customer requests for capacity and Not cient process for delivering customer requests for capacity and
for Before virtualization, hardware and software assets were typically allocated to an individual business
for Before virtualization, hardware and software assets were typically allocated to an individual business
area within a company. The owning group bore the cost of purchase, housing, and support. However, for
area within a company. The owning group bore the cost of purchase, housing, and support. However, as sharing increases with virtualization and cloud computing, it becomes necessary to collect usage for
as sharing increases with virtualization and cloud computing, it becomes necessary to collect usage statistics to allocate costs fairly. The design of this metering is critical for the discipline of demand for
statistics to allocate costs fairly. The design of this metering is critical for the discipline of demand
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guration changes can take months to
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nancial, operational, and technical
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Before virtualization, hardware and software assets were typically allocated to an individual business
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved. 45
Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Summary
We have learned quite a bit about virtualization. Though it is a technology, it also involves a change in the mind-sets and skill-sets of the people in an organization, the processes and procedures they follow to deliver IT solutions, and the way the end clients use that IT. We have also learned how some of the changes taking place during the adoption of virtualization can lay the foundation for a move to cloud computing.You have just got a taste of what is involved in virtualization. Next, we will learn to identify when to adopt virtualization and when not to.
Sample
adopt virtualization and when not to.
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adopt virtualization and when not to.Materia
l
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l
Materia
l We have learned quite a bit about virtualization. Though it is a technology, it also involves a change in
Materia
l We have learned quite a bit about virtualization. Though it is a technology, it also involves a change in the mind-sets and skill-sets of the people in an organization, the processes and procedures they follow
Materia
l the mind-sets and skill-sets of the people in an organization, the processes and procedures they follow to deliver IT solutions, and the way the end clients use that IT. We have also learned how some of the
Materia
l to deliver IT solutions, and the way the end clients use that IT. We have also learned how some of the changes taking place during the adoption of virtualization can lay the foundation for a move to cloud
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l changes taking place during the adoption of virtualization can lay the foundation for a move to cloud
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computing.
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computing.You have just got a taste of what is involved in virtualization. Next, we will learn to identify when to Mate
rial
You have just got a taste of what is involved in virtualization. Next, we will learn to identify when to Materia
l
adopt virtualization and when not to.Materia
l
adopt virtualization and when not to.
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Virtualization Essentials
Topics Covered in This Module
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
2.3 VIRTUALIZATION READINESS
Overcoming Problems
Virtualization overcomes such problems as: Running out of capacity. Having costly, excess capacity. Having too much capital tied up in server hardware.
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Mate
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l Virtualization overcomes such problems as:
Materia
l Virtualization overcomes such problems as:
Running out of capacity.
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Running out of capacity.Having costly, excess capacity.Mate
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Having costly, excess capacity.Materia
l
Having too much capital tied up in server hardware.Materia
l
Having too much capital tied up in server hardware.
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Virtualization Essentials
Organizational Readiness
Virtualization is growing rapidly because it delivers value for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, it is not appropriate in all cases. There are a number of considerations when evaluating a candidate for virtualization and for determining whether the time is right for making the leap.Organizational considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include the need for a skilled IT workforce, the extent to which capital is expensive or unavailable, and whether there exists a high rate of IT change and critical use or a relatively static one.
Skilled IT WorkforceA skilled workforce is able and willing to take on the technical and operational challenges posed by virtualization. Furthermore, skilled workers want to work in an innovative and leading organization. This is a strong, positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
Capital Expensive or UnavailableOne of the easiest fi nancial benefi ts to achieve with virtualization is a reduction in or avoidance of capital expense by deferring the purchase of new servers and the related items — data centers, networks, and so on — that they require. This is a strong positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
High Rate of IT Change and Critical UseVirtualization, done right, can greatly reduce the time it takes to deliver an IT service. It can also greatly streamline major projects, such as premises moves and merger integration. This is a strong positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
Sample
Skilled IT Workforce
Sample
Skilled IT WorkforceA skilled workforce is able and willing to take on the technical and operational challenges posed by
Sample
A skilled workforce is able and willing to take on the technical and operational challenges posed by virtualization. Furthermore, skilled workers want to work in an innovative and leading organization. This
Sample
virtualization. Furthermore, skilled workers want to work in an innovative and leading organization. This is a strong, positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
Sample
is a strong, positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
Capital Expensive or Unavailable
Sample
Capital Expensive or UnavailableOne of the easiest
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One of the easiest expense by deferring the purchase of new servers and the related items — data centers, networks, and
Sample
expense by deferring the purchase of new servers and the related items — data centers, networks, and so on — that they require. This is a strong positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
Sample
so on — that they require. This is a strong positive indicator of virtualization readiness.
High Rate of IT Change and Critical UseSample
High Rate of IT Change and Critical Use
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l
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l Virtualization is growing rapidly because it delivers value for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless,
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l Virtualization is growing rapidly because it delivers value for a wide range of applications. Nevertheless, it is not appropriate in all cases. There are a number of considerations when evaluating a candidate for
Materia
l it is not appropriate in all cases. There are a number of considerations when evaluating a candidate for virtualization and for determining whether the time is right for making the leap.
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l virtualization and for determining whether the time is right for making the leap.Organizational considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include the need for a skilled IT
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l Organizational considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include the need for a skilled IT workforce, the extent to which capital is expensive or unavailable, and whether there exists a high rate Mate
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workforce, the extent to which capital is expensive or unavailable, and whether there exists a high rate of IT change and critical use or a relatively static one.Mate
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of IT change and critical use or a relatively static one.
Skilled IT WorkforceMateria
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Skilled IT Workforce
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Lack of In-House Skill SetVirtualization requires specifi c technical skills on new platforms. It also changes the way existing processes — data backup, virus protection, software distribution, and so on — should operate. The management must seek to improve the staff’s skill set through training, retraining, or outsourcing. This is a weak negative indicator of virtualization readiness.
Relatively Static ITFor many organizations, IT is a key enabler, but the needs of some organizations are minimal and without variation. If a business provides only the most basic services, now might not be the time to virtualize. Nevertheless, over time, it is likely that all services will be provided in a virtual environment. This is a negative indicator of virtualization readiness.
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rintprocesses — data backup, virus protection, software distribution, and so on — should operate. The
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tprocesses — data backup, virus protection, software distribution, and so on — should operate. The management must seek to improve the staff’s skill set through training, retraining, or outsourcing. This
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tmanagement must seek to improve the staff’s skill set through training, retraining, or outsourcing. This
For many organizations, IT is a key enabler, but the needs of some organizations are minimal and
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tFor many organizations, IT is a key enabler, but the needs of some organizations are minimal and without variation. If a business provides only the most basic services, now might not be the time to
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twithout variation. If a business provides only the most basic services, now might not be the time to
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tvirtualize. Nevertheless, over time, it is likely that all services will be provided in a virtual environment.
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tvirtualize. Nevertheless, over time, it is likely that all services will be provided in a virtual environment.
Copyright © 2012, ITpreneurs Nederland B.V. All rights reserved.50
Virtualization Essentials
Process Readiness
Process considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include a service management culture, diffi culty sharing among business units, and weak processes and controls.
Service Management CultureVirtualization requires a more proactive approach to service management and IT assurance than conventional systems do. Alternatively, trouble may arise from a lack of effective controls for ensuring that performance and functionality meet expectations. Having a strong service-management mentality is a key success factor and a strong positive indicator for virtualization readiness.
Diffi culty Sharing Among Business UnitsComplex organizations often have great diffi culty sharing IT assets among separately managed business units. This can be because of organizational contention for scarce resources or because of externally imposed pressures affecting change windows and the ability to be fl exible. Virtual infrastructure is shared infrastructure, but with an important difference — users can be isolated from each other with well-proven technology.If the root cause of the inability to share arises from poor coordination and change management problems, virtualization can help. If the problem lies in a shortage of resources, the solution will need to be found in stronger governance and not a technical fi x.Sam
ple that performance and functionality meet expectations. Having a strong service-management mentality
Sample
that performance and functionality meet expectations. Having a strong service-management mentality is a key success factor and a strong positive indicator for virtualization readiness.
Sample
is a key success factor and a strong positive indicator for virtualization readiness.
culty Sharing Among Business Units
Sample
culty Sharing Among Business UnitsComplex organizations often have great dif
Sample
Complex organizations often have great difunits. This can be because of organizational contention for scarce resources or because of externally
Sample
units. This can be because of organizational contention for scarce resources or because of externally imposed pressures affecting change windows and the ability to be
Sample
imposed pressures affecting change windows and the ability to be shared infrastructure, but with an important difference — users can be isolated from each other with
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shared infrastructure, but with an important difference — users can be isolated from each other with well-proven technology.
Sample
well-proven technology.If the root cause of the inability to share arises from poor coordination and change management
Sample
If the root cause of the inability to share arises from poor coordination and change management problems, virtualization can help. If the problem lies in a shortage of resources, the solution will need to Sam
ple
problems, virtualization can help. If the problem lies in a shortage of resources, the solution will need to be found in stronger governance and not a technical Sam
ple
be found in stronger governance and not a technical
Materia
l
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l
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l Process considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include a service management culture,
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l Process considerations for assessing virtualization readiness include a service management culture,
culty sharing among business units, and weak processes and controls.
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l culty sharing among business units, and weak processes and controls.
Service Management Culture
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l Service Management CultureVirtualization requires a more proactive approach to service management and IT assurance than
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Virtualization requires a more proactive approach to service management and IT assurance than conventional systems do. Alternatively, trouble may arise from a lack of effective controls for ensuring Mate
rial
conventional systems do. Alternatively, trouble may arise from a lack of effective controls for ensuring that performance and functionality meet expectations. Having a strong service-management mentality Mate
rial
that performance and functionality meet expectations. Having a strong service-management mentality is a key success factor and a strong positive indicator for virtualization readiness.Mate
rial
is a key success factor and a strong positive indicator for virtualization readiness.
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Student | Introduction to Virtualization
Weak Processes and ControlsAn organization with a weak service-management culture, or one that lacks well-defi ned processes and control, should tread carefully into virtualization. While modern virtualization technology is remarkably reliable and provides substantial instrumentation to support management processes, these management processes must be in place and adhered to or problems will arise. This is a strong negative indicator of virtualization readiness.The most critical processes to review include:
o Capacity Management: It is important not to provision too many virtual machines in the virtual environment for the available hardware resources or everyone’s performance will suffer and with it will suffer, the reputation and viability of virtual IT services.
o Service-Level Management: It is important to set expectations with users and provide follow-up to ensure their expectations are met, especially when rolling out a new technology.
o Incident and Problem Management: Virtualization isolates services from their underlying hardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and effi ciency; this can also mean that there are a lot of eggs in one basket. Nevertheless, most well-designed virtual environments exhibit much lower rates of downtime, particularly planned downtime. It is important that proactive problem management be undertaken to minimize unplanned downtime for the business.
Sample
Mate
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Not problem management be undertaken to minimize unplanned downtime for the business.
Not problem management be undertaken to minimize unplanned downtime for the business.for
Virtualization isolates services from their underlying
for Virtualization isolates services from their underlying
hardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and ef
for hardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and effi
for fihardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and effihardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and ef
for hardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and effihardware and enables a great degree of consolidation and ef ciency; this can also mean that
for ciency; this can also mean that fi ciency; this can also mean that fi
for fi ciency; this can also mean that fi
there are a lot of eggs in one basket. Nevertheless, most well-designed virtual environments for
there are a lot of eggs in one basket. Nevertheless, most well-designed virtual environments exhibit much lower rates of downtime, particularly planned downtime. It is important that proactive for
exhibit much lower rates of downtime, particularly planned downtime. It is important that proactive problem management be undertaken to minimize unplanned downtime for the business.for
problem management be undertaken to minimize unplanned downtime for the business.
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tand control, should tread carefully into virtualization. While modern virtualization technology is
Reprin
tand control, should tread carefully into virtualization. While modern virtualization technology is remarkably reliable and provides substantial instrumentation to support management processes, these
Reprin
tremarkably reliable and provides substantial instrumentation to support management processes, these management processes must be in place and adhered to or problems will arise. This is a strong
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tmanagement processes must be in place and adhered to or problems will arise. This is a strong
It is important not to provision too many virtual machines in the virtual
Reprin
tIt is important not to provision too many virtual machines in the virtual
environment for the available hardware resources or everyone’s performance will suffer and with
Reprin
tenvironment for the available hardware resources or everyone’s performance will suffer and with
It is important to set expectations with users and provide follow-up Reprin
t It is important to set expectations with users and provide follow-up
to ensure their expectations are met, especially when rolling out a new technology.Reprin
t
to ensure their expectations are met, especially when rolling out a new technology.
Virtualization isolates services from their underlying Reprin
t
Virtualization isolates services from their underlying ciency; this can also mean that
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t
ciency; this can also mean that