Virtual Surgery[1]

8/2/2019 Virtual Surgery[1]

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By

Swetha reddy

Rgit

Bangalore

Virtual surgery


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Virtual surgery is simulation of surgicalprocedures virtually.

What is virtual?

It is an artificial environment created withcomputer hardware and software andpresented a way that it appears and feels likea real environment.

Using this concept for a medical surgeries iscalled virtual surgery.


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WHAT IS VIRTUAL SURGERYVirtual surgery/virtual reality technique is nothing but simulating surgeryprocedure, which helps surgeons improve surgery plans as well as practice

surgery process on 3D models before actually being carried out on the patient.

Thus it helps the surgeon to have a clear picture of the outcome of thesurgery.


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VIRTUAL SURGERY SIMLATION

Generate a 3D model of the part of the body thatundergoes the surgery

Image can be constructed using MRI and CTscanned images.

Computer graphics are used to construct areference model.

The image is digitally mapped on to the polygonalmesh .

The image is digitally mapped on to the polygonalmesh representing the respective part of the body

For the user to interact with the graphics theremust be software algorithms that can calculatewhereabouts of virtual instrument.


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TOUCH SIMULATION

simulation of the surgery bysimulating haptic-touchsensation/touch simulation.

Touch signals need to be refreshed up

to once a millisecond.

Virtual reality designers hope to gain abetter understanding of he mechanicalbehavior of various tissue and organs inthe body

For simulating touch sensation, wehave to calculate the forces applied tocut, puncture the various tissues, howthey react/behave when they are cut,punctured by surgical instruments.


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Importance of Virtual surgery

A recent report by institute of medicine in Washington DC estimates that

medical errors may cause 1,00,000 patient deaths each year in US alone.

Vr provides a good tool to experiment the various complications that ariseduring the surgery

By the use of virtual surgery, minimizing of the medical mistakes can be

ensured.

Better training in anatomy and surgical skill, with reduced need for cadavers.

It involves no significant risk.

Procedure can be repeated many times.

Students can actively participate in real-life events.

Effective learning about new techniques of surgeries.

Structure can be rotated in three dimensions and viewed in its relationship toany other structure.


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VIRTUAL REALITY APPLICATIONS

1.Training and Education:

Student can repeat the proceduresnumber of times.

Detailed study of surgeries.

The experience is highly interactive ,allowing students to strip away the

layers of tissue and muscles toexamine each organ separately.


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Surgical planning Image constructions.

Pre-surgical mapping of operatingsite.

In traditional surgery planning, thesurgeon calculates variousparameters and procedures forsurgery from his earlier experienceand imagination.

Whereas in virtual reality, it reduceserrors and plan surgery in most

reliable manner.

Ex: liver resection on a 3Ddeformable liver model with the aidof virtual laproscopic tool


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3. Image Guidance:

Using MRI,CT images 3D images of organor tissue can be constructed for surgery.

Computer aided surgery-the applicationof computational algorithm and vrvisualization to diagnostic imaging,preoperational surgical planning and intraoperative surgical navigation.

4. Telesurgery:

It allows surgeons to operate on peoplewho are physically separated fromthemselves.

This is usually done through a master-slave robot, with imaging suppliesthrough video cameras configured toprovide a stereoscopic view


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conclusion

The main limitation of virtual reality is theshortcomings In the realism of simulationsand human-computer interface

Today the simulations are less realistic but thefuture holds the promise of virtual cadaverthat is nearly indistinguishable from a realperson.

Hope that this concept of virtual turns into areality .


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Virtual Surgery[1]

Documents

Transcript of Virtual Surgery[1]