Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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Transcript of Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Virsuses:Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
& Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
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• Origins of HIV based on scientific evidence
• HIV viral particle
• Mechanism of infection
• Transmission
• Treatment
• AIDS
• Prevention
Greater spot nose monkey Red capped mangabey monkey
SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1
Humans
Pan troglodytes troglodytes
Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1
Sooty mangabey monkey
Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2
HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication
HIV
HIV-1 PARTICLE
The key HIV genes
Mechanism of Infection
VIRAL RNA
PROVIRAL DNA
Infects Th cell
Integrates into host DNA
“activated”LYTIC STAGE storage
LYSOGENIC STAGE
RETROVIRAL REPLICATION
HIV animations
http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1601834254601
http://search.live.com/video/results.aspx?q=HIV+animation&docid=1601834254601#docid=1669495456158
http://www.hivinfosource.org/hivis/hivbasics/animations/index.html
T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red
HIV and helper T cells
HIV-1
HOST CELLS: helper T lymphocyte, macrophages
LYTIC STAGE
Transmission of HIV
Transmission of HIV
• Biological fluids
– Blood– Sexual transmission (Semen)– Breast milk– Transplant tissues
Non-transmitting sources of HIV
• Tears
• Saliva
• Mosquito or insects
• Swimming pool
• Food handling
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)
Cocktail Therapy
Examples of anti-retroviral drugs
• Cocktail Drug Mixtures
– Protease inhibitors
– Non-nucleoside RT Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
– Nuleoside/nucleotide RT inhibitors (NRTIs)
– * Fusion Inhibitors *Fuzeon
– Integrase Inhibitors
Fusion Inhibitors block
• Co-receptors on host cell
• Gp120/gp 41 on viral particle
or
Co-Receptors
CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin)
Binds naturally occurring chemokines
Prevention
• Condoms
• Clean needles
• Treatment of pregnant mother with anti-viral drugs
• Blood screening
• Abstinence
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease
Symptoms of AIDS
• Decrease T cell count
• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever and dry cough
• Profound fatigue
• Swollen lymph glands
Symptoms of AIDS
• Persistent diarrhea
• Unusual blemishes on the tongue, mouth, or throat
• pneumonia
• memory loss, depression
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Opportunistic Diseases and cancer
• pneumonia
• Kaposi’s Sarcoma Kaposi’s Sarcoma