Virginia CyberCamp 2016 · 2017-05-30 · worldwide, more than 209,000 cybersecurity jobs in the...
Transcript of Virginia CyberCamp 2016 · 2017-05-30 · worldwide, more than 209,000 cybersecurity jobs in the...
Virginia CyberCamp 2016
ATTENTION Rising 10th, 11th, and 12th Grade Students!
WHAT TO EXPECT
• Learnbasicprogrammingandcoding
• Researchanddiscusscurrentcybersecurityevents
• Observecurrenttrendsinwiredandwirelessnetworks
• Debatetopicsrelevanttotheuseofroboticsandautomation
EXPLORE
• Conceptsofelectricity,circuits,andnetworks
• Interactionofrobots—makingitdowhatyouwant
• Remotecontrolhacking
• Currentandemergingjobopportunitiesintheworldofcybersecurity
Are you interested in Cybersecurity? Challenging activities?
Learning, creating, and having fun?
CyberCAMP 2016 is for YOU!
No fees! Camp provides,
breakfast, lunch, and
transportation!
Sponsored by
Learn from cybersecurity experts and participate in exciting industry tours!
APPLY for CyberCamp 2016 tOdAY!
Where:
When:
Who to Contact:
An Introduction To Careers In Cybersecurity for Students
and Teachers
Virginia Department of EducationOffice of Career, Technical, and Adult Education
VIRGINIACYBERCAMP
2016PROGRAM
ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITYFORSTUDENTSANDTEACHERS
EvaluationReportDevelopedbythe
OfficeofCareer,Technical,andAdultEducationVirginiaDepartmentofEducation
Richmond,Virginia
March2017
YvonneV.Thayer,Ed.D.PrincipalInvestigator
©2017,VirginiaDepartmentofEducation
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
2
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
3
VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016PROGRAM ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
FORSTUDENTSANDTEACHERS
TheVirginiaCyberCamp2016Programintroducedstudents,teachers,schoolcounselors,andschoolleaderstocareersincybersecuritythrougha70-hoursummerprogramconductedinschooldivisionsineachoftheeightSuperintendent’sRegions.Thisprogramofferedinstructioninbasicprogrammingskills,exploredmanyofthecareeropportunitiesincybersecurity,andencouragedstudentstoearnacybersecurity-relatedcredential.Thecurriculumusedtoplantheprogramwassupportedwithstaffdevelopmentthatequippedtheteacherstoplanengaginglearningexperiencesthatwoulddevelopinterestincybersecuritycareers.TheOfficeofCareer,Technical,andAdultEducationattheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationdevelopedtheCyberCampProgram,oneofseverallearningopportunitiesthatintroducehighschoolstudentstocareerpathwaysincybersecurity.Thisreportwillsharethedesignofthesecamps,professionaldevelopmentforteachers,observationswhilecampswereinsession,outcomesrelatedtocampgoals,anddirectionsforfutureactivities.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
4
Cybersecurityeducationisastateandnationalpriority.InFebruary2014,GovernorTerryMcAuliffeestablishedCyberVirginiaandtheVirginiaCyberSecurityCommissionthroughExecutiveOrder8.TheworkofthegovernorandthecommissionraisedawarenessofthegrowingcareersincybersecurityandthecontinuingneedtoimprovetheeducationalpipelinetofillthousandsofunfilledandemergingjobsinVirginia.TheOfficeofCareer,Technical,andAdultEducationrecognizedtheimportanceofincludingcontent,courses,andprogramsrelatedtocybersecuritycareersincareerandtechnicaleducation(CTE)programs.Theydevelopedcybersecurityinfusionunitsofstudythatteachersintegratedintoexistingtechnicalcourses.Representativesfromschooldivisions,collegesanduniversities,andVirginiabusinesseswerebroughttogethertobegintheprocessofdevelopinganewcybersecuritycareerpathwayforVirginiastudents.In2016,theVirginiaDepartmentofEducationpublishedaresearchreport,Virginia’s21stCenturyCareerPathway–Cybersecurity,whichspoketothestate’scurrenteffortstopreparemoreworkersforcybersecuritycareersandrecommendedseveralactionsthatcouldstrengthenK-12’sroleastheentrypointintothecybersecurityeducationpipeline.Sincethepublicationofthereport,theCTEhasworkedwithemployers,teachers,andschoolleaderstodeveloptheframeworkandcompetenciesforacybersecuritycareerpathwaythatpreparesstudentswhoareinterestedinavarietyofcybercareers–thoseinsafetyandsecurity,business,STEM,andinformationtechnology.
Atthenationallevel,attentionisbeingplacedoncybersecurityeducationinthepublicschools.TheNationalInitiativeforCybersecurityEducation(NICE),ledbytheNationalInstituteofStandardsandTechnology(NIST),isanationallycoordinatedefforttoadvanceeducationandtrainingopportunitiesforcybersecuritypreparation.NICEcoordinateswithgovernment,academic,andindustrypartnerstobuildonexistingsuccessfulprogramsandbringleadershiptoincreasethenumberofskilledcybersecurityprofessionals.NICEhasaK-12workinggroupofeducatorswhomeetmonthlytosharetheprogressthatschoolsandstatesaremakingtoincreasecourses,careerpathways,studentcompetitions,orothercyberactivities.Conferencesareheldtocontinueaconversationaboutaddingcybersecurityeducationtotheprioritiesofpubliceducation.
AscybersecurityisbeingdiscussedintheK-12setting,NICEencourageseducatorstolearnmoreaboutcybersecuritycompetitionsasonewaytodevelopskillstomeettheemergingworkforceneeds.(Seehttp://csrc.nist.gov/nice/documents/cybersecurity_competitions.pdf).Local,regional,national,andinternationalcompetitionsengageindividualsorteamsincybersecurityactivitiesthatmaybeaone-dayeventoraseriesofface-to-faceorvirtualevents.Afewofthewell-establishedcompetitionsarethecybersecurityversionofCapturetheFlag,theAirForceAssociation’sCyberPatriot,andtheCenterforInternetSecurity’sUSCyberChallenge.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
5
AswasnotedinVirginia’s21stCenturyCareerPathway–Cybersecurity,employersviewcybersecuritycompetitionspositivelybecausetheseeventsprovideexperiencewithauthenticsecurityactivities.Arecentreportoncybersecuritygamesconcludesthatcompetitionsbuildsoftskillsaswellastechnicalskills,whichareanongoingrequestofcybersecurityemployers(KatzcyConsulting,2016).LaurinBuchanan,principalinvestigatoratSecureDecisions,believesthatcompetitionsmaybeaproxyforapprenticeshipsbecauseparticipants(1)experienceworkrolesthatarerelevanttocybersecurity,(2)workunderpressure,(3)demonstratededicationandinterestinthework,(4)practicecommunicationskills,and(5)demonstratecollaborationandteamwork(Buchanan,2017).
OneofNICE’scontributionstoeducationisthedevelopmentofacybersecurityworkforceframeworkthatorganizescybersecurityintosevenhigh-levelcategories,eachcomprisedofseveralspecialtyareas.BasedontheNICEframework,theNationalCyberWatchCenterK-12Division,ETPro,andtheNationalScienceFoundationpublishedaCybersecurityCareerWheeltoassisteducators,students,andparentstounderstandcyber-relatedcareeroptionsandpathways.ThefollowingchartisarepresentationoftheinformationintheCareerWheel.[NICEhasupdatedtheNationalCybersecurityWorkforceFramework,anditwillbedistributedinSpring2017.]
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
6
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
7
(htt
p://
csrc
.nis
t.go
v/ni
ce/f
ram
ewor
k/)
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
8
AttheCommonwealthConferenceonCyberandEducation(December2015),GovernorMcAuliffechallengedcommunitycollegesacrossVirginiatoincludecybersecuritycoursesintheirprogramofferings.Overthelastfewyears,Virginia’scommunitycollegeshaveexpandedcoursesandindustrycertifications,anduniversitieshaveincreasedundergraduateandgraduateprogramstostrengthenworkforcereadinessforcybercareers.ThefollowingcollegesanduniversitiesholdnationalcertificationsincybersecurityprogramsawardedbytheNationalSecurityAgencyandU.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity(NationalInitiativeforCybersecurityCareersandStudies,2016).GeorgeMasonUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation
AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseResearchCurriculummeetsnationalstandards
HamptonUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducationJamesMadisonUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation
CurriculummeetsnationalstandardsLordFairfaxCommunityCollege AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation–2YrMarymountUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation
CurriculummeetsnationalstandardsNorfolkStateUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducationNorthernVirginiaCommunityCollege AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation–2Yr
CurriculummeetsnationalstandardsRadfordUniversity AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducationTidewaterCommunityCollege AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseEducation–2YrVirginiaTech AcademicExcellenceinCyberDefenseResearch Jobreportscontinuetoshowanationalandworldshortageofcybersecurityworkers.In2015,thereweremorethan600,000high-payingtechjobsunfilledinthiscountry(Smith,2016).By2019,thecybersecurityworkforceisexpectedtoriseto6millionglobally,withaprojectedshortfallof1.5million.Among1millionopeningsforinformationalsecurityprofessionalsworldwide,morethan209,000cybersecurityjobsintheUnitedStatesareunfilled,andthedemandforinformationsecurityprofessionalsisexpectedtogrowby53percentthrough2018.(Morgan,CybersecurityJobsReport,2016)(Morgan,OneMillionCybersecurityJobOpeningsin2016,2016).Careersininformationsecurityanalysisaregrowingatarateof18percentthrough2024,andcareersforsoftwaredevelopersandprogrammersareexpectedtoreflectanationalincreaseindemandforcybersecurity,anincreaseintheuseofmobiletechnology,andtheimplementationofelectronicmedicalrecords(U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,2015).Healthcareorganizationsarecurrentlyexperiencingmonthlycyberattacks.A2016surveyofITsecuritypersonnelfoundthathalfhadexperiencedlossorexposureofpatientinformationinthepastyear(Institute,2016).
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
9
InVirginia,jobsassociatedwithcybersecurityremaininhighdemandandareexpectedtogrowthrough2020.Whilethenumberofworkersincybersecurityisexpectedtoincreasebymorethan17percentnationally,thenumberofpersonsemployedincybersecurityjobsinVirginiaisexpectedtoincreaseby25percentfrom2012through2022.AlookatjobopeningsinApril2016foundthatthethreeoccupationswiththelargestnumberofopeningswerenetworkandcomputersystemsadministrators,informationsecurityanalysts,anddatabaseadministrators.(VirginiaEconomicDevelopmentPartnership,2016).
JustasoneoftheprioritiesofSTEMinitiativesistoeducategirlsaboutjobopportunitiesinSTEMfields,thereareeffortstoattractyoungwomenintothecybercareerpipelinebecauseonly26percentofcyberprofessionalsarewomen(LeClair,2016).Fiftypercentofcollegegraduatesarewomen,butonly11percentareincybersecurityfields(Schlesinger,2015).Concernsaboutcareerinformationandrecruitmentarenotlimitedtoyoungwomen.RaytheonandtheNationalCybersecurityAllianceconductedasurveyofyoungadultsandfoundthatU.S.millennialswhohavereadorheardaboutcyberattackswithinthelastyearnearlydoubled,from36percentin2015to64percentthisyear.Yet,only33percentofthisgrouphavesoughtoutcyberjobsascomparedto82percentofmillennialsintheMiddleEast.Millennialswantjobsusingtheskillscyberprofessionalsuse–problemsolving,dataanalysis,andcommunications–yettheyarenotapproachingthisindustrytousetheirskillsandmaynotknowenoughaboutcybersecurityjobsingeneral.Whenaskedwhatwouldincreasetheirinterestinacybersecuritycareer,ofallsurveyedinternationally,48percentwantedtoknowmoreaboutwhatthejobsmightentail,44percentwantedtrainingtodeterminewhethertheywouldbegoodatcybersecurity,and37percentwantedanopportunitytotalkwithcurrentprofessionals.(RaytheonandNationalCybersecurityAlliance,2016).Thecallforallstudentstolearncoding(Paul,2016)isimportant,butnotenough,ifthecybersecuritypipelineisgoingtoattractwomenandtheemergingworkforce.Schoolsmustrespondtowhatyoungworkersneedbyfindingopportunitiesforstudentstolearnaboutcyber-relatedjobs,meetpeopleworkingincybercareers,developproblemsolvingandotherworkforceskills,andhaveanopportunitytoexperienceprojectsthatarehighlysimilartorealworkincybercareers.TheVirginiaCyberCamp2016Programwasdevelopedtobeginaddressingtheseneedsduringthelastthreeyearsofhighschool,whenstudentsareexploringtheirchoicesforpostsecondaryeducationandcareers.ThispilotprogramwasdesignedtomodelhowtointegrateconceptsandskillsassociatedwithcybersecurityintobothacademicandCTEprograms.TheCyberCampinitiativeraisesawarenessamongstudentsandteachersthatcybersecurityandthecareersassociatedwithitarehighlyrelevanttotheworldwelivein.ProvidingstudentswithanopportunitytoexplorethebroadspectrumofcybercareersisachallengeK-12ispreparingtomeet.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
10
CyberCampsofferchallengedschooldivisionsawaytointroducecybersecuritytostudentsandteachers.
ThepurposeoftheVirginiaCyberCamp2016Programwastodevelopacybersecuritypilotprograminschoolsacrossthecommonwealththatwouldintroducehighschoolstudentsandteacherstocybersecurityasacareerwhilegivingthemtheopportunitytolearnsomeofthebasicskillsassociatedwithcybercareers.ThepilotprogramwasdesignedtogiveschooldivisionsamodelprogramthatcouldinformtheirplanstoincorporatecybersecurityeducationintobothacademicandCTEprograms.
TheCyberCampprogramprovidedtheopportunityforstudentstointeractwithindividualsandcompaniesthathavecybersecurityaspartoftheirworkwhiledevelopingknowledgeandskillsthatcanleadtoindustrycertificationsandpostsecondaryeducationincybersecurity.TheCyberCampProgramwasanimportantintroductiontocybersecurityeducationformanyschoolsinpreparationforacybersecuritycareerpathwayforCTEprograms.
EligibleSchoolDivisions–Duringthe2015-2016schoolyear,GovernorMcAuliffeannounceda$2millionstateinitiativetoimplementtheextendedschoolyearVirginiaCyberCamp2016Programtargetedtohighschoolsinchallengedschooldivisions–thosedivisionswith50percentormoreofitsenrolledstudentseligibleforfreeandreducedpricemeals.Superintendent’sMemo293-15wasissuedinDecember2015,announcingtherequirementsforparticipationintheinitiative.(Seehttp://www.doe.virginia.gov/administrators/superintendents_memos/2015/293-15.shtml)EligibleschooldivisionswereinvitedtosubmitaCyberCampapplicationthatproposedinstructionalactivities,plansforprofessionaldevelopmentofteachersandschoolleaders,andabudget.InFebruary,theOfficeofCareer,Technical,andAdultEducationannouncedthatfourcampswouldbeheldineachoftheeightSuperintendent’sStudyGroups,foratotalof32CyberCamps.Eachcampreceivedastate-fundedgrantforimplementationofthepilotprogram.
GoalsfortheProgram–Thefollowinggoalsestablishedastatewidedesignforthecamps:
• Increaseawarenessofcareersincybersecurityamongteachersandstudents;• Engagestudentsinproject-drivenlearning;and• Introducestudentsandteacherstocybersecurity-relatedindustrycredentialsand
providestudentsafoundationfromwhichtheycouldpursueacertificationduringthe2016-2017schoolyear.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
11
StateguidancerecommendedthateachcampincludethefollowingascomponentsoftheCyberCampexperience:
1) NICERC(NationalIntegratedCyberEducationResearchCenter)cyberliteracycurriculumandteachingresources,approvedbytheU.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity
2) Capacity-buildingactivitiesinroboticsandcomputerprogrammingthatintroducedstudentstoinformationtechnology,networking,andcomputerscience
3) Project-driven,cross-disciplinaryinstruction4) Dailylearningexperiences,teamprojects,andacumulativestudentteampresentation5) Careerinformationprovidedbyguestspeakers,fieldtrips,andonlineresources6) Opportunitytoadvancetowardearning
theIC3DigitalLiteracyCertification
StudentEligibility–Studentswereeligibletoparticipateinthecampiftheywererising10th,11th-,or12th-gradersandhadexpressedaninterestincybersecuritycareersorhadstartedaprogramofstudyrelatedtothecybersecuritysector.Eachcamplocationdevelopedanapplicationprocessandchoseparticipantsbasedonlocallydevelopedcriteria.Eachcampwasaskedtotarget25studentsasaparticipationgoalandencouragedschoolstorecruitfemalesaswellasmales,allethnicitiesrepresentedintheschool,andstudentswithdisabilitiesconsistentwithotherprogramsintheschool.
Staffing–Thecampswererequiredtoplaninstructionalactivitiesasacross-disciplinaryexperience,andstaffingreflectedthispriority.Eachcampidentifiedaschoolleadertoserveascampdirector.Theteamthatfacilitatedtheinstructionalactivitiesincludedacademicteachers,specificallyoneEnglish,onemathematics,andonescienceteacher;andseveralCTEteachersrepresentingengineering,technology,robotics,orpublicsafetyandsecurity.Acounselorwasincludedontheinstructionalteamtohelpcoordinatecareer-relatedactivities.Thecampdirectorandinstructionalteamwereselectedseveralmonthspriortothecampstartingdatesothat
Virginia2016CyberCamps
LOCATION DIVISION(S)SERVEDT.C.WilliamsHighSchool AlexandriaCityVirginiaHighSchool BristolCityBrunswickHighSchool BrunswickCountyCrossroadsInstitute CarrollCounty
GraysonCountyGalaxCity
CharlottesvilleHighSchool CharlottesvilleCityCumberlandHighSchool CumberlandCountyGeorgeWashingtonHigh
SchoolDanvilleCity
NorthernNeckTechnicalCenter
EssexCountyLancasterCountyRichmondCounty
FranklinHighSchool FranklinCityJamesMonroeHighSchool FredericksburgCityHalifaxCountyHighSchool HalifaxCountyHarrisonburgHighSchool HarrisonburgCityMagnaVistaHighSchool HenryCountyHopewellHighSchool HopewellCity
DinwiddieCountyCentralHighSchool LunenburgCountyOsbournHighSchool ManassasCity
ManassasParkHighSchool ManassasParkCityMartinsvilleHighSchool MartinsvilleCityParkViewHighSchool MecklenburgCounty
NelsonCountyHighSchool NelsonCountyHeritageHighSchool
Governor’sSTEMAcademyNewportNewsCity
NorthernNeckTechnicalCenter
NorthumberlandCountyWestmorelandCountyTownofColonialBeach
LurayHighSchool PageCountyPetersburgHighSchool PetersburgCity
PittsylvaniaCountySchoolsSTEMAcademy
PittsylvaniaCounty
I.C.NorcomHighSchool PortsmouthCityPulaskiCountyCTECenter PulaskiCountyFranklinMilitaryAcademy RichmondCityThomasJeffersonHigh
SchoolRichmondCity
TazewellCountyCTECenter
TazewellCounty
WaynesboroHighSchool WaynesboroCityJohnHandleyHighSchool WinchesterCity
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
12
theteamscouldparticipateinprofessionaldevelopmentandhaveadequatetimetoworktogethertodevelopthecampprogram.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
13
ProfessionaldevelopmentiskeytoCyberCampsuccess. WhilesomeCTEprogramshaveusedVirginia’scybersecurityinfusionunitstointroducecybersecurityconceptsinestablishedCTEprogramareas,andmanyhighschoolsofferedcomputerscienceortechnologycourses;however,instructionalteamshavehadlittleornoexperiencewithcybersecurityeducationordevelopingaCyberCampexperienceforhighschoolstudents.Seekingexpertiseincybereducation,CTEpartneredwiththeacademicdivisionoftheCyberInnovationCenter(CIC)inBossierCity,Louisiana,toidentifyaresearched-basedcurriculumforhighschoolstudentsthatinstructionalteamscoulduseasthecorecurriculumforthecamp.NICERCandCTEagreedtouseNICERC’sCyberLiteracycurriculumresourcesasthefoundationfortheCyberCampinstructionalprogram.UsingNICERC’scurriculumprovidedassurancethateachcampwouldbeofferingaresearch-basedcurriculumandthattherewouldbeconsistencyintheCyberCampprogramsofferedstatewide.NICERCstaffhadsuccessfullytrainedteachersacrossthenationtoimplementthiscurriculum.Theyacceptedthechallengeofworkingwith32teamsofteachers,schoolcounselors,andschoolleaderswhowereinexperiencedwithcybereducationandlikelywouldrequiresupportaftertheirtraining.NICERCstaffcollaboratedwithCTEstafftoprovidetwodaysofresearch-basedtrainingineachoftheeightSuperintendent’sRegionsoversixweeksatnocosttothecommonwealth.Twohundredninety-sixVirginiaeducatorscompletedthetraining.Themajoroutcomeoftheprofessionaldevelopmentwasthereadinessofteammembersto(1)designthecampexperiencetoincludetheNICERCcurriculum,(2)assigninstructionalresponsibilitiestomembersoftheteam,(3)teachcyberliteracythroughroboticslessonsand(4)teachhumanitieslessonsandcyberethics.Participantscommentedthatthey“enjoyedlearningabouttheinsandoutsofprogrammingarobot,”they“appreciatedtheintegrationofwritingandresearchingskills,”andtheroboticstraining“helpedstretchmyabilitytothink,reason,andproblemsolve.”NICERCinstructorDr.ChuckGardnersummarizedtheVirginiatrainingexperienceasfollows:
“Teacherslearnedbydoingtheprojectsthattheywouldbeinstructingtheirsummercampstudentson.NICERC’smodelofprofessionaldevelopmentisbasedonteachersworkinginsmallgroups,doingtheprojectsandassignmentsthatareembeddedintothecurriculumsothatteachersleavewiththeconfidencetopresentthecurriculumintheirclassrooms.”
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
14
NICERC’SCYBERLITERACYCURRICULUM
NICERC’scybercurriculumisproject-driven,application-based,andshowcasesasystems-levelunderstandingofreal-worldapplicationsofscience,technology,engineering,andmathematics.Liberalartscomponentsallowteacherstoembedthecurriculumacrossmultipledisciplinesasthey introducestudents to the careerpathwaythat leads tobecoming thenextgenerationofcyberprofessionals.CyberLiteracybuildsastrongcybersecurity foundation forhighschoolstudentsbyblendingrobotics, programming, electricity, and elements of liberal arts. Students learn about theopportunities, threats, responsibilities, and legal constraints associated with operating incyberspace.Asstudentslearnthebasicsofprogrammingandnetworkingtheydevelopcriticalthinkingskills.
• Programmingintroducesstudentstobasiccodingessentialsthroughflowchartsandsimpleprogramminglanguages.
• RoboticsusesaParallaxBoe-Botmicrocontrollerastheplatformforteachingroboticsfundamentals.Studentsassembletheirrobotstoperformvariousfunctionsthroughtheimplementationofsensorsandapplicationoftheirprogrammingknowledge.
• LiberalArtsillustratesreal-worldapplicationsandimplicationsofcomputersandtheInternetinoursocietytoday.Studentsarechallengedtointenselydeliberatethehistoricalandsocietalcontextofcyber.Discussionsdivedeepintocriticalaspectsofstudents’futures,suchasthe4thAmendmentoftheU.S.Constitutionandissuesofprivacy,security,andtechnology.
TheNICERCcurriculumisavailable
toK-12teachersatnocost(www.NICERC.org)
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
15
SchoolteamsdevelopCyberCampprogramsthatincludestatecommunityresources.
Theinstructionalteamsworkedforseveralweekspriortothebeginningofthecampstoplantheinstructionalprogram–identifyingunitsofstudy,arrangingfieldtrips,locatingspeakerstovisitthecamp,andstudyingtheNICERCcurriculum.Campdirectorspurchasedsupplies,securedspace,arrangedtransportation,andplannedhealthymealsandsnacks.Teamswereencouragedtousetheresourcesofcommunitycollegesanduniversitieswithcybersecurityeducationprograms.Localbusinesseswereaskedtoparticipateinthecampsbysharingthecybersecuritythreatsandemploymentneedsinlocalcommunities.Asstudentswererecruitedtoparticipate,parentsandcommunitymemberslearnedthatstudentswhoappliedandwereselectedwouldbeamongthefirststudentsinVirginiatostudycybersecurity.
TheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationrequiredthatcampsbelocatedonahighschoolcampus.Theschooldivisionthathostedthecampprovidedcomputersforparticipantstouse.Grantfundssuppliedallmaterialsforclassroomprojects,transportation,andmealssothattherewouldbenocosttoeitherthestudentsorthedivisionforparticipatinginthepilotprogram.Eachcampplannedaminimumof70hoursofinstructionaltimeandcouldconfigurethescheduleinavarietyofways(i.e.,amountoftimedaily,numberofdaysperweek,numberofweeks,anddateofcamp).
Theinstructionalprogramreflectedproject-drivenlearningopportunitiesforteamsofstudents.Theseprojectsbuildbothacademicandcareer-readinessskills(e.g.,workingcollaboratively,writingreports,andmakingpresentations)neededtopursueindustrycertificationsandpostsecondaryeducationforcyber-relatedjobs.Theinstructionalteamcollaboratedtocreateacampexperiencethatwasbalancedbetweenteacher-ledinstructionandstudentsworkinginteams.Teachersplannedtodemonstrateorleaddiscussionsaboutrobotics,coding,cyberissues,andethics;studentswouldworkinteamstosolveproblems,developprojects,anddiscussinterestingcybersecuritytopics.
Thecampdesignofferedopportunitiesforguestspeakerstoshareinformationabouttheircyber-relatedjobs,securityintheircompanies,personalcareerpaths,andwhatemployersinthisfieldlookforinnewemployees.Tounderstandthenatureofcybersecurityworkandtherangeofjobopportunitiesthatexistthroughoutthestate,instructionalteamsplannedcyber-
“Throughthispartnership,wehavebeenabletoreachstudentsofdiversebackgroundsandinterestsfromacrossthegreatstateofVirginiatonotonlybringawarenessofcybersecurityandcybercareers,butalsotobuildexcitementaboutthefutureopportunitiesintheclassroom.”
G.B.CazesFormerVicePresident
CyberInnovationCenter
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
16
relatedfieldtripstogovernment,financialinstitutions,companies,museums,andpostsecondaryinstitutions.
Counselorswereinvolvedinplanningsothatcareeractivitieswouldblendwiththediscussionsinclass,visitsfromspeakers,andtripstocyberindustries.LifeJourney,anonlinementoringprogram,wasofferedasaresourceforstudentstoaccessvideodiscussionsofpeopleincybercareers.InstructionalteamsutilizedtheVirginiaCareerVIEWonlineprogramandusedothercareerresourcesavailableinhighschools.Counselorsplannedseveralcareerdevelopmentactivitieseachweekofthecamp.
Itwasimportantforstudentsandteacherstolearnaboutthetypesofindustrycertificationsandeducationallevelsthatarerequiredincybersecuritycareers.Thecampdesignincludedtimeforstudentstoworktowardanindustrycertificationthatisrecognizedinthetechnologyandcybersecurityfields.TheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationemphasizedtheimportanceofindustrycertificationsbyaskingeachcamptohelpstudentsadvancetowardearningtheIC3DigitalLiteracyCertification.Teacherswerenotaskedto“teachto”specificskillsmeasuredbythiscertificationbutrathertoadministerthecertificationexamasapre-testinthefirstdaysofthecamp.Resultsofapre-testcouldhelptheinstructionalteamunderstandthelevelofknowledgeandskillsthestudentshadacquiredpriortothebeginningofthecamp.ThecertificationexamwouldbeadministeredasecondtimeattheendofthecampasameasureoftheprogressstudentsweremakingtowardcompletingtheIC3certificationbytheendofthe2016-2017schoolyear.
Eachlocationplannedtoclosethecampwithaculminatingprogramtogivestudentsaplatformfordemonstratingtoparentsandthecommunitywhattheyhadlearnedaboutcybersecurity,coding,andcareers.StudentswouldreceiveacertificateofcompletionfromtheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationandlocalprogramscouldrecognizestudentsforotherachievementsduringtheCyberCampProgram.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
17
Camperslearntocode,explorecareers,andachieveanindustrycredential.Virginia’sCyberCampswerehighlyvisibleacrossthestatethroughoutthesummerascampswereconductedfrommid-MaythroughearlyAugust.TheCyberCampprogramwasapilotforthestate,soitwasimportanttolearnwhetherthecampsoperatedasplanned,whethertheNICERCcurriculumwashelpful,howstudentsrespondedtotheactivities,andhowteachersbenefitedfromthecampexperience.TheCyberCampssubmittedtheirscheduleofdailyactivitiestotheOfficeofCTAE.Thelearningactivitieswerehighlysimilaracrosscamps.InstructionalteamsfollowedtheguidanceoftheNICERCtrainingstaffandtheOfficeofCTAEtoincludeopportunitiesforlearningthatwouldbuildafoundationofknowledgeandskillstounderstandcybersecurityandgainawarenessofcyber-relatedcareers.
CTEstaffvisitedcampsinseverallocationstolearnmoreabouttheprogram.ThesestaffhadattendedoneoftheNICERCprofessionaldevelopmentsessionsinthespring,sotheyhadagoodunderstandingoftheinformationteachershadreceived.Theirobservationsconfirmedthatthecampswerefunctioningwell,studentswereparticipatinginandenjoyingclassroomactivities,andteacherswerepleasedwiththeprogressbeingmade.
Toaugmenttheplanningdocumentsandinformationfromstaffvisits,anexternalresearcherselectedeightofthe32CyberCamps(25percent)tovisit,oneineachoftheeightSuperintendent’sRegions.CampswereselectedbasedonseveralcriteriathatwouldhelpprovideathoroughdescriptionoftheCyberCampProgram.Thecampsthatwerevisitedandthedaystheywerevisitedwerechosenbecausetheyrepresented
• Rural,suburban,andurbanschooldivisions.• Schoolsofdifferentsizes.• Campsforasingledivisionandregionalcampsservingseveraldivisions.• Campsconductedinahighschoolandcampsheldinacareerandtechnicalcenter.• Campsthatwereconductedatdifferenttimesoverthesummer.• Differentdailyandweeklyschedules.• Differentpointsintime:theearlydaysofthecampschedule,midwaythroughthe
camp,andattheendofthecamp.• Ethnic/racialparticipationacrossthestate.• Differentselectioncriteriaforstudentparticipation.• Anopportunitytoviewallaspectsofthecampprogram.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
18
Theresearcherobservedtheentiretyofthecampday,includingclassroominstruction,studentprojectgroups,andguestspeakers;proceduralactivities,mealsandbreaks;dailyclosingactivities;andstudentandteacherinteraction.Theresearcherparticipatedinfieldtripswithtwocamps.Shespokewithcampdirectors,individualteachers,teamsofteachers,individualstudents,teamsofstudents,andinsomecasesdivisionleadership.Thereportthatfollowscombinestheinformationgatheredinwrittendocumentsandvisitsbytheresearcher.TheCyberCampswerehighlyconsistentinthecurriculumfollowedandinstructionalactivitiesdelivered.Thelearningenvironmentwasremarkablysimilarineachcampvisited.Thisreportpresentsdescriptiveinformationthatisgeneralizedforthecollectivepilotprogram.ObservationsofactivitiesandcommentsfromstudentsandstaffareusedinconjunctionwiththeplanningdocumentstodescribeVirginiaCyberCamp2016inaction.
Participation–Atotalof743rising10th-,11th-,and12th-gradersparticipatedintheCyberCamps.Theenrollmentgoalforeachcampwas25students:
• 11campsenrolledmorethan25students.• Sixcampsenrolled25students.• Fivecampsenrolled21-24students.• Sixcampsenrolled15-19students.• Fourcampsenrolled12-14students.
Thecompositionofcampsthatwereobservedwerealmost50percentgirls.Studentsreflectedtheethnicitiesoftheirregions.Attendancewasexcellentforasummerprogram.Therewereinstancesofstudentsleavingforafamilyvacationormissingadayforillness,butgenerallystudentswerepresentthroughoutthecampandwantedtoparticipate.
Mostcampswereconductedoverfourdaysforthreeweeks.Somecampsranoveralongernumberofdaysorchosetointensifythecampbyoperatingfiveorsixdaysaweek.Typically,campsbeganearlyinthedaywithbreakfastandcontinueduntilmid-afternoon.Schoolseitherusedthedivision’sfoodserviceformealsorhadmealsbroughtinfromarearestaurants.Studentscommentedthattheyappreciatedthegoodqualityofthefoodandtheamountavailable.Theschooldivisionhostingthecampprovidedbustransportationdailytotheschoolandthroughouttheweekforfieldtrips.
TeachingandLearningEnvironment–Thelearningenvironmentwasnoticeablydifferentfromatypicalacademicclassroom.Ratherthansittingindeskstowork,studentswerefreetomoveatwillandworkwithotherstudentsastheydesired–attables,onthefloor,alone,oringroups.Theatmospherewashighlyrelaxed,yetthestudentswereconsistentlyworkingonassignmentsorprojects.StudentswereoutfittedintheirCyberCampshirts,eachoneuniquetothecamp.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
19
Theclasses–betheyincomputerlabs,classrooms,orlargeopenspaces–reflectedhighstudentengagementincomputerprogramming,projects,onlinelearning,writtenandoralassignments,andguestspeakers.Studentswereontaskconsistentlyinthisrelaxedbuthighlyproductiveatmosphere.WhenaskedwhatsurprisedthemthemostabouttheCyberCamp,studentsfromeachcampvisitedechoedthesameresponse:“Iexpectedthatwewouldsitinfrontofacomputerwhileteacherslecturedtous.Itwasn’tlikethat.Theyletusbecreative.”
Itwasclearstudentsenjoyedthiswayofinteractingwithnewcontent.Theywerebusyallofthetime,workingonteamprojectswhentheyhadextratime.Severalstudentsaskedtheircampdirectorwhytheyheldthecamponlyfourdaysaweekinsteadoffive,becausetheywouldhaveenjoyedmoretimetoworktogether,andcouldtheycomebacktotheschoolafterthecamptocontinueworking.
Studentspreferredtosolveproblemsbythemselvesorinsmallgroupsandaskedteachersforassistanceonlyaftertheyhadexhaustedtheirresources.Studentswereobservedinallcampsusingreferencematerialstosearchforprogramminginformationwhentheyencounteredacodingproblem,ratherthanimmediatelyaskingateacherfortherightanswer.Whentherobotsdidn’tperformasexpected,studentstrieddifferentproceduresorsoughthelpfromapeertogetthedesiredresult.Oneteachercommentedthatthestudentstoldhernottogivethemhelpbecausetheypreferredtofindtheirownsolutionswhenconfrontedwiththeunknown.Consistently,thiswasthestudents’preferredwayofworking–independentoftheteacherorcollaboratingwithotherstudents.
Therewerenodisciplinaryissuesobservedorsharedbyteachers.Studentsbehavedinaresponsiblewaywhileworkingonprojects,takingbreaks,andhavingmeals.Asastudentcommented,“Thecampprovidedacomfortablelearningenvironment.”Oneteacherwascurioushowacamper,whohadsleptthroughherclassduringtheacademicyear,wassointerestedandperformingsowellinthecamp.
Teacherspresentednewinformationorinitiatedanactivitywiththewholegroup,butquicklystudentswereontheirownorinteamstoproceedonthetasks.Teacherswereactingasfacilitatorsoflearning,notlecturingorimposingthemselvesonthestudents.Theywerepresenttoanswerquestionsandmonitortheschedulefortheday.Studentsappreciatedseeingtheteachersapproachlearningdifferently:“Iwassurprisedthatthecampwassomuchfun–notsostructured.Theteacherswererelaxed.”
Theteacherteamsworkedwelltogether,sharingresponsibilitiesandenjoyingthecross-disciplinaryapproachtolearning.Asateachernoted,“Iwishwecouldteachthisway[cross-disciplinary]duringtheschoolyear.”Whenpresentingnewinformation,theysharedtheresponsibilityofleadingdiscussionsandexplainingnewtasks.Theinstructionalteammemberswereavailableasstudentsworked,butoftenoneteacherwasclearlythelead,especiallyfortheactivitiesthatinvolvedwritingordebate.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
20
TherewasnonoticeabledifferenceinthecomfortleveloftheCTEandacademicteachersastheyfollowedtheNICERCcurriculumandledprojects.ItappearedthattheinstructionalteamhadbenefittedfromprofessionaldevelopmentandmasteredtheactivitiesassociatedwiththecurriculumbecauseacademicaswellasCTEteacherswereobservedhelpingwithrobotsandtroubleshootingcodingerrors.
Collectively,theplannedcampactivitiescanbegroupedintothreebroadthemes:LearningtoCode,ExploringCareers,andGainingSkillsandCredentials.
LearningtoCode–TheCyberCampscheduledthegreatestamountofinstructionaltimeforactivitiesrelatedtounderstandingnetworks,buildingrobots,programmingtherobotstoaccomplishtasks,andsolvingproblemsassociatedwithrobotsandcoding.Projectsassignedtostudentteamsutilizedtherobotsandcodingbutalsorequiredstudentstousemathematics.CampsspentthefirstweekcloselyfollowingNICERC’srecommendedactivitiestoreviewelectricity,buildrobots,andimmediatelybeginprogrammingtherobotandwritingcode.Concurrently,studentsbeganlearningaboutopportunities,threats,responsibilities,andlegalconstraintsassociatedwithoperatingincyberspace.Bythesecondweek,studentswereinvolvedinprojectsthatvariedbycamp,althoughtheywerehighlysimilarinbuildingcapacitywithcodingandbuildinganunderstandingofcybersecurity.Studentswereprogressivelygivingmorecomplextaskstotheirrobotstoperform,andsomestudentswereprogrammingtherobotstogobeyondtheirassignments.HeritageHighSchoolCyberCampstudentsprogrammedtheirrobotstoplaymusicastherobotscompetedtonegotiateanobstaclecourse.TeacherswerefreetosupplementtheNICERCcurriculumwithcybersecurityactivitiesfromtheCTEoracademicprogram.SomeprogramsintegratedresourcesthataccompanytheirengineeringandtechnologyprogramsusingRaspberryPiComputersandHummingbirdRobotics.AscienceteacherutilizedherexperienceteachingbiologytocreateacybersecurityDNAactivity.Theintensitywithwhichthestudentsattackedtheircodingassignmentsandgroupprojectsspeakstothecommitmenttheyshowedtothislearningopportunity.Theyappearedtotakeadvantageofeveryopportunitygiventhemtolearnaboutnetworksandcoding,andhowwhattheyweredoingappliedtohackingandsecuritybreaches.“LearningtoprogramtheBoe-Botswasthebestpartofthecamp!”Studentsweresuccessfulwiththeroboticactivitiesregardlessofpriorlearningorlimitedexperiencewithcomputers.Thisisnoteworthyasonecampchoseengineeringstudentsforthecamp,andtheirsuccesswiththeinstructionalactivitiesappearednodifferentthananothercampthatdeliberatelychosestudentsthathadnoengineeringinstructionorcampsthatchosestudentsregardlessoftheirpriorexperiences.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
21
ExploringCareers–Studentshadmultipleopportunitiestolearnaboutcareersincybersecurityandothercyber-relatedjobs.First,counselorsoversawonlinelearningthatallowedstudentstoexplorejobtasks,findeducationinformation,understandworkvalues,andwatchvideosaboutjobsrelatedtocybersecurity(e.g.,programmers,softwaredevelopers,computernetworkarchitects,securitymanagementspecialists,specialagents,andintelligenceanalysts).Additionally,studentsinteractedwithindividualswhocametothecampstospeakabouttheirjobsandtheimportanceofsecurityintheircareerfields.Thespeakersspokecandidlyaboutthetypeofpeopletheywanttohire–botheducationalattainmentandpersonalqualities,includingtheabilitytoreceiveasecurityclearance.Theseconversationswereenhancedbyfieldtripstobusinessesthatrequirehighlevelsofsecurityorprovidepersonalinformationsecurity.Forexample,studentstouredcorporatefinancialdatasystems,countytechnologycenters,andenergycompaniesthatrevealedthedifferentwaysdataaresecured,thethreatsofbreachesandhackingandtheresultantcosttothecompanyandthesocietyatlarge,andhowspecificjobsprotectinformation.Campsvisitedcollegesanduniversitiestogetabetterunderstandingofcybersecuritycoursesandcertificationsaswellasresearchbeingconducted.Interactiveactivitiesandsimulationsenhancedfieldtripsandvisitstotheclassroomandprovidedareal-worldcyberexperience.AdaylongvisittoRadfordUniversityprovidedonecampwithanopportunitytoengageinaCapturetheFlagcybersecuritycompetition.Theprofessorsstatedthatthehighschoolcampersperformedaswellasthecollegestudents.SeveralcampswenttotheInternationalSpyMuseum,wheretheywereledthrougharealisticspysimulationactivity.ArepresentativefromNavalSurfaceWarfareCenterDahlgrenDivisionprovidedwebsitesforstudentstoaccesstopracticecyberattacks.Theseinteractiveactivitiesaddedvaluetothecareer-focusedobservationsandconversationsthatoccurredduringthefieldtrips,andthestudentsenjoyedthem:“Myfavoriteactivitieswerethecyber-attackactivities.”Thefollowingcompanies,organizations,andinstitutionsprovidedtours,speakers,andactivitiesduringCyberCampfieldtrips.Somelocationswerevisitedbymorethanonecamp.Company,Organization,Institution Location Topic
Banksandcreditunions Variouslocations SecurityinbankingBattelle KingGeorge
Arlington Cybersecurityservices
CapitalOne Richmond DatasecurityCarowinds Charlotte,NC ParksecurityandnetworksChatmossCable Martinsville TourCoesia Richmond Tour
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
22
Company,Organization,Institution Location Topic
Communitycolleges DanvilleJohnTylerLordFairfaxNewRiver
Programming,cybercareers,securityknowledge,onlinesafety,collegecourseofferings
ConvergentTechnologies WinstonSalem,NC Cybersecurityawareness;CyberthreatsecurityNavalSurfaceWarfareCenterDahlgrenDivision Dahlgren Hacking
FBIFieldBuilding Manassas TourFortLee Petersburg ComputerwargamesandcybersecurityGoogle Washington,DC PersonalsecurityHUMESCenter Blacksburg GroundOpsStationtourInstituteforAdvancedLearningandResearch Danville Datasecurity
InternationalSpyMuseum Washington,DC InteractivespyexperiencesandteambuildingLocalpolice/sheriffdepartments Multiple CybersecurityawarenessanddatasecurityCountytechnologycenter Pulaski DatastorageandsecurityMicrosoftDataCenter Boydton DataprocessingsecurityMuseumoftheU.S.Navy Washington,DC CybertechnologiesNationalCybersecurityandCommunicationsIntegrationCenter(NCCIC),divisionofU.S.Dept.ofHomelandSecurity
Arlington Maliciouscyberactivityawareness
NeustarInc. Sterling TourNIBCO StuartsDraft RoboticdemonstrationandprogrammingPhilpottDam Bassett DamsecurityRollsRoyce PrinceGeorge TourSDSolutions Luray FederalelectionssecuritySymantec Herndon Defenseagainstviruses,spyware,malware,online
threatsUniversities JamesMadison
NorfolkStateRadfordVirginia
CommonwealthVirginiaStateVirginiaTech
CapturetheFlagcompetition,programming,cybercareers,securityknowledge,onlinesafety,universitycourseofferings
VirginiaBureauofCriminalInvestigation Richmond Bombrobot
VirginiaScienceMuseum Richmond Roboticshands-ondemonstrationVirginiaTechCenterforDynamicSystems Blacksburg Roboticslabtour
NationalWeatherServiceForecastOffice Wakefield Tour
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
23
OneoftheguestspeakerswasamemberofCongresswhospokeoncybersecurityawareness.Otherguestspeakerssharedinformationaboutcyber-relatedcareers,securityintheircompany,whatthesecurityindustryisdoing,andwhattheylookforinemployees.Thefollowingcompaniesandorganizationswereamongthosewhosuppliedguestspeakers:
• CapitalOneDataCenter• Comsonics• DominionVirginiaPower• ECPI• FairfieldEchols• KirklandMissionCritical• UnionBank• LockheedMartin• MillenniumCorp.• NavalCriminalInvestigativeService(NCIS)• NorthropGrumman
• PierceMatrix• RPIGroupInc.• U.S.DefenseCommissaryAgency• U.S.DepartmentofDefense• U.S.DepartmentofHomelandSecurity• ValleyHealth• VirginiaCommunityCollegeSystem• VirginiaDepartmentofJuvenileJustice• VirginiaInformationTechnologiesAgency• VirginiaStatePoliceCyberCrime
Collectively,theCyberCampsusedtheresourcesofeducationalinstitutions,securityorganizations,governmentagencies,banking,energy,andhealthtoprovidestudentswithinformationaboutwhatisbeingdonetoaddresssecurityneeds,careersrelatedtocybersecurity,andeducationalopportunities.Thefieldtripswereenjoyedbythestudents,asonecampercommented:“Lovedthefieldtrips.Iexpectedtobetoldaboutcybersecurity,notfreetoworkonit[duringthefieldtrips].”Conversationsaboutcareersincybersecurityoftendealtwiththespecificrequirementsforatypeofjob.Speakersneverhesitatedtodiscusstheircareerjourneyandtheimportanceofbeingpreparedtomoveintonewjobsastheircareersprogressed.Theysharedhowtheyworkedwithteamsofworkers,thehourstheyworked,andsecurityclearancerequirementstobeconsideredformanyjobs.Studentsreceivedadviceabouthowtoproceedwithdecisionsabouttheirfutures–gettinginvolvedwithdiscussiongroupsintechnologyandobtainingthelatestindustrycertifications.Speakersfocusedonthetypeofpeoplethataresuccessfulincyber-relatedjobsintheirindustry.Speakersemphasizedthatwhilestudentsneededucationandskills,theymustbepreparedtobelifelonglearners:
“Technologyisatreadmill.Whatyouknowtodaywillbeworthlessintwoyears.Focusonlearning.Anewopportunitymayseemlikeaburdenbutitpreparesyouforotherthings.”–FinancialSector“It’snotwhatyouknow–it’sthatyoucanlearn.”–FinancialDataSector
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
24
Studentsweretoldhowimportantsoftskillsare,includingwriting,reading,andcommunicating,inanycareer:
“Iwouldn’tbeinthisjobifIcouldn’tcommunicate.”–AerospaceSector“Wewantworkerswhocanmultitask,communicate,andworkinteams.”–SafetyandSecuritySector“Beareader.Readanything,becauseifyoucanread,youcanwrite.”–MilitarySector“Learntowriteconvincingly.”–FinancialSector“Youneedsoftskills:self-direction,howtomakeyourselfpartofateam,andout-of-the-boxthinking.Youcan’tshutdownwhenthingsgowrong.”–AerospaceSector“Youhavetoshowthatyouhavedriveanddesire.”–FinancialDataSector
Thecontinuousefforttoexposestudentstocybersecuritycareerspaidoff.Studentsengagedinonlinelearning,wereattentivetospeakers,andtookadvantageofthefieldtrips.Theyleftthecampwithmoreknowledgeaboutcareers,opportunitiesthatareavailableinthestate,andthestepstheyneedtotaketobecomequalifiedforacyberjob.Whenaskedattheculminatingeventaboutherexperience,astudentsaid,“WhatdidIlearnfromthecamp?Ididn’tknowthereweresomanycareersrelatedtocybersecurity.”Teacherswereengagedwithspeakers,aswell,anditwasapparenttheywerelearningalongsidethestudents.Acampdirectornoted,“ThefacultyandstaffthatparticipatedintheCyberCampstatedthatitwasjustasmuchalearningexperienceforthemasitwasforthestudents.”GainingSkillsandCredentials–DuringtheCyberCamps,studentsheardfromcybersecurityemployersabouttheimportanceofeducation,includingthenecessitytoearnindustrycertificationsformanyjobsincybersecurityfields.TheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationdesignedtheCyberCampstoincludeindustrycertificationtestingtodemonstratetostudentsandteachersthevalueofassociatingoneormoreofthesetestswithanycareerpursuit.TheOfficeofCTAEchosetheIC3DigitalLiteracyCertification1asthepreferredcertificationexaminationtousewiththeCyberCampprogram.TheIC3isusedworldwidetovalidatedigitalskillsofstudentsandemployees.IC3isrecognizedbytheInternationalStandardsforTechnologyinEducation(ISTE),theAmericanCouncilonEducation(ACE),andtheNationalCoalitionofCertificationCenters(NC3).IC3isreviewedbytheGlobalDigitalLiteracyCouncil.
1 Withmorethanthreemillionexamsdeliveredin78countries,theIC3DigitalLiteracycertificationhasbecomeaglobalstandardformeasuringandvalidatingdigitalskillsofstudentsandemployeesallaroundtheworld.Inaddition,theAmericanCouncilonEducationrecommendspostsecondarycreditsingeneraleducationorcomputerliteracybeingawardedtostudentsinpossessionofanIC3certification.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
25
ParticipantsinVirginia’sCyberCampshadtheopportunitytoadvancetowardearningtheIC3DigitalLiteracyCertification,whichrequirespassingexamsinthreekeyareas:ComputingFundamentals,LivingOnline,andKeyApplications.
TheKeyApplicationsexaminationcoverspopularwordprocessing,spreadsheetandpresentationapplications,andthecommonfeaturesofallapplications.TheComputingFundamentalsexaminationcoversafoundationalunderstandingofcomputerhardware,software,operatingsystems,peripherals,andtroubleshooting.TheLivingOnlineexaminationcoversskillsforworkinginanInternetornetworkedenvironmentandmaximizingcommunication,education,collaboration,andsocialinteractioninasafeandethicalway.
Eachexamisindependent(approximately45-50minuteseach)coveringseparateobjectivesandvalidatingspecificareasofdigitalcompetency.AstudentmayproceedtoearnanIC3certificationbypassingeachofthethreeindividualexams.TheCyberCampsofferedstudentstheopportunitytotaketheexamsaspretests,totakeindividualexamsattheendofthecamp,andtoearnanIC3certification.Among51schoolsoreducationcentersadministeringIC3testsduringthe2015-2016schoolyearandduringthecamps,6,168testswereadministered,and2,074testswerepassed.Ofthese51schools,21hostedcampsandadministeredtestsduringthesummerof2016.Theseschoolsadministered1,397testsbetweenJuly1,2015,andJuly30,2016,ofwhichatleast2980wereadministeredasaresultofthecamps,whichis15percentofthetesttakingdonethroughouttheentireyear.Itisnotablethatastheresultofa70-hourprogram,theCyberCampscontributedatleast253additionaltestspassed–12percentoftestspassedthroughtheregularschoolterm.Bythecompletionofthecamps,studentshadtaken980singleexamsandhadpassed252singleexams.Forty-threestudentspassedthethreeareasofstudy(threesingleexams)andearnedtheIC3DigitalLiteracyCertificationbythecamp’scompletion. 2Thefigurescited“atleast”excludetestsadministeredandtestspassedatthoseschoolswithbothtestingduringtheschoolyearandacamp.WeareunabletoisolatethecontributionmadebythecampstothoseschoolswithexistingIC3testingregimens.
TheNorthernNeckTechnicalCenterhostedtwocampsforsixschooldivisionsintheregion.Ofthe42participants,11studentspassedtheLivingOnlineexaminationonthefirsttesting.Anadditional11studentspassedthisexamwhentheyweretestedneartheendofthecamp,so52percentofcampersleftthecampandbegantheschoolyearwithoneofthreeareasofstudyoftheIC3certificationcompleted.Overall,thosestudentswhowereposttesteddemonstrateda30percentincreaseintheirscoresafterlessthan70hoursofinstruction.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
26
Thefollowingarethetestingresultsforallcampscombined:
TheperformanceofcampersontheIC3examsofferspotentialforgrowth.Giventheshorttimeframeofthecamps,onlyexceptionalstudents,orthosewhohadalreadycompletedsomeoftheexamsintheschoolyear,wouldbelikelytocompleteallthreeexams.Thereissignificantgrowthpotential,however.TheintroductiontoComputingFundamentalsisagatewayforstudentstounderstandthedigitalworldinwaysessentialtoworkforceorhighereducationreadiness.EachstudenthastheopportunitytocontinueworkingtowardtheIC3certificationencompassingallthreeareasofstudyshouldtheyhaveonlypassedoneortwoofthethreeexamsrequiredduringtheirCyberCamp.
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
SingleExamAttempts*SingleExamsPassed*
IC3CertiaicationsEarned
SingleExamAttempts* SingleExamsPassed* IC3CertiaicationsEarnedSeries1 980 252 43
CyberCamp2016CredentialsResults
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
27
Positiveresultsgivedirectionforfuturecyberprograms. Thedescriptionofthe2016CyberCampsProgramandthesupportivedatafromtheindustrycertificationtestingpaintsapositivepictureofstudentsstatewidelearningnewinformationandgainingskills.Furtheranalysisofthecampobservationshelpstorefinethispicture,sothattheVirginiaDepartmentofEducationcanbegintodeterminefirst,whethertheprogrammetitsgoalsand,second,iftheprogramisdeterminedtohavebeenbeneficialtostudentsandteachersformorethantheshortterm.Indrawingtheseconclusions,itisusefultomakerecommendationsapplicabletofuturecybersecurityeducationinitiatives,especiallyasthecybersecuritycareerpathwayisincorporatedintoCTEprogramareas.
WhatWasLearned–CTEstaffprovidedastrongandworkableframeworkfordevelopingthecamps.CybersecurityeducationisnewtomostschoolsinVirginia.Perhapsthegreatestchallengepresentedbythisinitiativewasaskingteachersfromdivisionsacrossthestatewithnobackgroundincybersecurity,computerprogramming,andcybercareerawarenesstodevelopthecampprogram.TheCTEstaffwasdeliberateinmakingdecisionsabouttheVirginiaCyberCamp2016Programandbasedthemonthefollowingassumptions:
1. Itisimportanttohaveconsistencyintheinstructionalprogramsdeliveredineverysite.Thecurriculumforthecampsshouldbehighlysimilarsothatcomparisonsinoutcomescanbemade.
2. Anyprogramthathasthepotentialtoinfluencenewcoursesandgreateropportunitiesforearningindustrycertificationsmustbeofhighqualityandshouldberesearch-based.
3. TheOfficeofCTAEshouldidentifycurriculumresourcesandmakeavailableprofessionaldevelopmenttoprovidethemembersoftheinstructionalteamofeachcampwiththetoolstheyneedtoteachcybersecuritywithconfidence.
4. Thebudgetshouldbeadequatetocoverallcosts.
5. EachCyberCampshouldincludetheexpertiseoflocalcollegesanduniversities,aswellasnearbycompaniesandinstitutionsthathavecybersecurity-relatedcareers.
The32campsfollowedstateguidelinestocreatecybersecurityprogramsandtooperatethecampsasanextensionofthe2015-2016schoolyear.Thiswasnosmallaccomplishment,becauseinlessthansixmonthseachdivisionhostingacampcompletedthefollowing:
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
28
• Completedintentandapplicationforms.
• ReceivednotificationofselectionasaCyberCamp.
• Selectedcampstafffromacademic,CTE,andcounselingstaffwhowouldagreetoplanandworkinthecamp(withoutfirstreviewingacurriculum).
• ParticipatedinprofessionaldevelopmenttolearntoteachtheNICERCCyberLiteracycurriculum,whichincludedcomputerprogrammingandrobotics,liberalartslessonsrelatedtocybersecurity,andcyberethics.
• Plannedtheinstructionalprogramthecampwoulddeliver,includingassigningleadteachersfortopics,becomingcomfortablewithrobotics,anddevelopinganunderstandingofcross-disciplinaryteachingandlearning.
• Developedtheguidelinesforthecampandrequirementsforstudentparticipation.
• InformedtheSchoolBoardandcommunityabouttheprogram.
• Recruitedstudents.
• Purchasedmaterialsandplannedalllogistics,suchastransportationandmeals.
• UnderstoodhowtoadministertheIC3certificationexams.
• Coordinatedwithotherdivisionsiftheyweredevelopingaregionalcamp.
• Securedcomputersandadequatespaceforcampactivities.
• Identifiedfieldtripopportunitiesandguestspeakerswithindrivingdistanceandselecteddatesfortheirparticipation.
• Chosethedateandscheduleforthecamp,takingintoconsiderationotheractivitiesattheschool,suchassummerschoolprograms.
• PreparedascheduleofallactivitiesbydayandsubmittedittotheOfficeofCTAEforreview.
• Finalizedthebudget.
Eachcampprovidedtherequired70hoursofinstruction,andsomecampsexceededit.Thereappearedtobenologisticalissuesasthecampsfollowedtheirschedulesandcompletedtheircampswithgoodparticipationfromstudents.WhatWasLearned–TheinstructionalteamsbenefitedfromtheprofessionaldevelopmentthatwasprovidedbyNICERCstaff.TheOfficeofCTAEwassuccessfulinprovidingastrongcyberliteracycurriculumandexcellentprofessionaldevelopment,aswasevidentinthecompetentwaytheschoolteamsdeliveredtheinstructionalactivities.Theteachersdidnotappeartobenovicesteachingprogrammingorworkingwiththerobots.Theinstructionalteamsdisplayedgreatenthusiasmforthecontent,andtaughtthecurriculumastheNICERC
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
29
staffhadmodeled.Teachersthoughttheprofessionaldevelopmenttheyreceivedwasverygood.ThedecisiontopartnerwithNICERCwasanexcellentdecision,astheNICERCstaffprovedtobehighlycompetent,well-preparedtrainerswhowereavailablethroughoutthesummerforanyneededsupport.Forexample,atonecamp,thestudentswereabletocompleteplannedactivitiesfasterthananticipatedbytheteachers,soateachercontactedNICERCandreceivedadditionalactivitiestoincorporateimmediately.WhatWasLearned–Thecross-curriculumteachingstaffcontributedpositivelytotheinstructionalprogram.Teachingasateamwasnewtotheinstructionalteams,andacademicteachersworkingwithCTEteachersinaCTEprogramwasforeigntoeveryone.UsingtheintegratedunitsofinstructionthatNICERCprovided,teachersplannedtogetherand“figuredout”howtoapproachteachinginacollaborativeteamenvironment.Manyteamstalkedabouthowtheylikedworkingthisway.Itwasclearthattheacademicteacherslearnedalotaboutcybersecurityandwerethinkingabouthowtointegrateitintotheregularacademiccurriculum.ItwasimpressivethatEnglishteacherswereabletoseethevalueofaddingtopicsrelatedtotheworldofwork,especiallyintheirchoiceofbookstoreadandwritingassignmentstogive.Theweakestlinkintheinstructionalteamsappearedtobeschoolcounselors.Atsomecamps,theywereonlypresentwhentheymadeapresentationusingVirginiaCareerVIEWorwereparticipatinginafieldtrip.Othercounselorswerepresentbutdidnotseemtohaveastrongrole.Eventhoughacounselor’sroleistoprovideguidanceandadvisementrelatedtocareerplanning,theassumptioncannotbemadethattheyareawareofcybersecurityorITcareersthatexistorareawareofopportunitiesforemploymentthroughoutVirginia.WhatWasLearned–Theorientationtocareersincybersecurityvariedgreatlyacrossthestateduetothedependenceonoutsidespeakersandfieldtripsforinformation.WhereastheNICERCcurriculumpreparedteachersforimportanttopicsincyberliteracytoincludeinthecamps,thecounselorsdidnotreceivespecifictrainingorresourcesrelatedtocybercareers.TheyhadanopportunitytouseLifeJourneyonline,butnoonewasobservedusingit.Therefore,informationaboutworkingincybersecuritywasdependentonspeakers.Asexplainedinthisreport,thestudentsreceivedgoodinformationfromsomespeakers,buteachcampinteractedwithdifferentpeople,andnoattemptwasmadetocaptureeverythingthatoccurredoneachfieldtriporduringaguestpresentation.WhatWasLearned–Teachers’awarenessofcybersecurity-relatedjobsinVirginiaandtheeducationandtrainingrequiredforemploymentinthesefieldsincreasedbecauseofthecamps.Thereislittledoubtthateachteacherandschoolleaderinvolvedwiththecamps
“Thecamphashelpedusseethatweneedtooffermorecoursesinbothcybersecurityandcomputerscience.Thecoregroupofmycampershavebeenverywillingtomeetduringtheschoolyearasalmostanunofficialclub.Thefacultymembershaveamuchbetterunderstandingofwhyweneedtohaveadditionalcybercoursesandhowtheycanincludecybersecurityintheircurriculumtonotonlyhelpkeepkidssafe,buttosparktheirinterestaswell.”
CyberCampDirector,CountySchoolDivision
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
30
learnedasmuchaboutcareersandtheeducationrequiredforspecificjobsasthestudents.Teacherswereasattentiveonfieldtripsandwithspeakersasthestudentswere.WhatWasLearned–Employersandhighereducationfacultyplayedasupportiveroleinthecamps.Therewasnoevidencethatinstructionalteamsusedemployersorfacultymemberstohelpplanthecamps.Bothgroupswereusedtoprovidefieldtripsandspeakers,andtheirroleshouldnotbeminimized.However,schoolteamsappearednottoincludeanyoneoutsideoftheschoolindevelopingthecamp.WhatWasLearned–Choosingfieldtriplocationsandguestspeakerswasdonewithoutasmuchinformationastheinstructionalteamswouldhaveliked.Whilemostfieldtripsandspeakerswerecontributorstotheprogram,teacherssaidiftheyweretoplananothercamptheywouldwanttostartplanningearlyintheyearsotheycouldbemorestrategicintheirselections.Theywantedtoknowthecompaniesorlocationsthatothercampsvisited,hopingtobuildaresourcelistofplacesandpeopleinVirginiathatworkwithcybersecurity.WhatWasLearned–Somecampshadtoworkhardtorecruitparticipantsforthisnewprogram.Othercampsreachedtheirtargetorhadtoselectfrommoreapplicantsthantheycouldserve.AllofthesitesvisitedindicatedthattheywouldliketocontinueofferingaCyberCampandthoughttheywouldhavenotroublerecruitingasecondyear.Studentssaidtheywouldpromotethecampwiththeirpeers.WhatWasLearned–Thehighengagementofstudentsinallcampactivitiesisnoteworthy.Atatimewhenmanyschoolsstruggletoengagestudentsinlearning,theCyberCampscapturedthestudents’interestandhelditthroughoutthelengthofthecamps.Clearlythestudentswereinterestedinthecodingactivitiesandgroupprojects–thatwasobservedineachcamp.Butthestudentspointedoutthattheyfelttheycouldbecreativeinthisenvironment,whichsurprisedthem.Theircreativitywasencouragedastheyengineerednewtasksfortheirrobotsandtheylookedforinterestingwaystoworkonprojects.Studentsalsowerehighlyengagedwhenspeakerstalkedaboutcareers;alsowhentheyvisitedhigh-profilecompaniessuchasMicrosoft,hadthestate’sbombrobotvisitthem,listenedtoarepresentativefromNCIStalkaboutforensics,andheardGooglestaffexplainwhystudentsshouldchangetheirpasswords.Therelevanceofthecampcurriculum,thefreedomgiventostudentstomovearoundtheclassspace,encouragementtobecreative,andtheindependencegiventoindividualstudentsandteamsappearedtocontributetothehighintereststudentsshowedintheprogram.WhatWasLearned–WatchingstudentsworkcollaborativelyonprojectsinthecampenvironmentreplicatedmillennialITworkplaces.CompaniessuchasGoogleandRackSpaceinBlacksburghavecreatedworkspacesthatsupporttheirphilosophythathappyworkersare
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
31
productiveworkers,sotheyprovidethepersonalsupportsthattheyappreciate.Viewingstudentsinthecampsastheymovedaroundatwill,stoppingforbreaksandimmediatelyreturningtowork,andexpressingtheirappreciationforgoodfood–andalotofit–ishighlysimilartotheworkenvironmentinsomeofthenewITworkplaces.Thisunanticipated,incidentallearningmayhelpinformteacherswhoareinterestedincreatingmoreengaginglearningenvironments.Also,thisinformationcanbesharedwithstudentstodescribethenewmillennialworkplacesinwhichmanyoftheITandcyber-relatedjobsarelocated.WhatWasLearned–Theextendedschoolyearopportunityandintensivetimetoworkoncyberliteracymayhaveinfluencedthehighlevelofinterestshownbystudents.Asstudentsworkedongroupprojectsforacoupleofhourswithoutinterruption,itwasnotedthatthiswouldnothavehappenedinanacademicclassduetothetypical55-to85-minuteclassperiod.CTEclassesareusuallyblockedforlongerinstructionalperiods.Projectstaketime,andstudentsneedtimetoworkthroughproblemswithoutstoppingtomovetoanewactivity.Whilesomeofthemorecomplexroboticbuildsmaytakelongerthanonetraditionalorblockclassperiod,thepacingissuchthattheseprojectsaregivenmultipleclassperiodstocomplete.Thisadjustmentprovesusefulwhenincludingtheseprojectsinaclassscheduleorthesummercampexperience.WhatWasLearned–Academicteachersreportedthattheywillincorporatesomeofwhattheyexperiencedinthecampintheregularacademicprogram.Whenaskedabouttheinfluenceofthecampexperienceontheirplanningforthenextacademicyear,someteachersexpressedaninterestinincorporatingcybersecurityintotheiracademiccourses.Asnoattemptwasmadetofollowupwithteachers,thereisnowaytoknowtheextentcybersecurityisbeingintegratedintotheregularEnglish,science,ormathematicsSOLcurriculum.WhatWasLearned–Thecybersecuritycurriculumtaughtinthecampprogramandthematerialspurchasedforthecamparelikelyinusetosomeextentineachhighschoolduringthe2016-2017year.CampdirectorswereexcitedabouthavingtheresourcesofthecampavailableforotherCTEprograms,suchasroboticsandITcourses.Additionalresourcespurchasedforthecamps,suchasHummingbirdrobotics,strengthentheCTEcourseofferingsandencourageteacherstoweaveininformationaboutcybersecurityastheyteachvariousunitsofstudy.TheNICERCcurriculumservesasanexcellentresourcefordesigningnewcybersecuritycourses,whicharelikelytoincreasewhenCTEannouncesthecybersecuritycareerpathway.
“Thiscampexperiencetrulyopenedourstudents’andfaculty’seyestotheamazingandplentifulcareeropportunitiesthatareavailableincybersecurity.Weareplanningtohaveanothercamp,havebegunestablishingacybersecurityclassthatwillbeofferednextyear,andareusingtheNICERCcurriculumasasupplementinourprogrammingandcodingclass.”
CyberCampDirector,CitySchoolDivision
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
32
WhatWasLearned–ThegoalsoftheVirginia2016CyberCampProgramweremet.• Therewasanincreaseinawarenessofcareersincybersecurityamongteachersand
students.Thisoccurredbecausecampactivitiesrevolvedaroundanunderstandingofcybercareers:(1)discussionsinclasswhilecoding,workingonprojects,writingpapersaboutsecurityissues,anddebatingethicalissues;(2)fieldtripstocyber-relatedcompaniesandcompaniesthatarefacedwithsecuritychallenges;(3)speakersthatsharedtheircareerexperiencesandeducation;(4)visitstocollegesanduniversities;and(5)useofonlinecareerinformationsystems.
• Studentswereengagedinproject-drivenlearningusingtheNICERCcurriculuminapositive,student-friendlyenvironment.
• Studentsandteacherswereintroducedtocybersecurity-relatedindustrycredentialsthroughtheadministrationoftheIC3DigitalLiteracyexamination.Teacherslearnedwhatcontentismeasuredonthatcertificationexam.Forty-threecampparticipantsearnedtheIC3DigitalLiteracyCertificationand252passedasingleexam.EachstudenthadtheopportunitytocontinueworkingtowardearningtheIC3Certificationduringthe2016-2017schoolyear.
FOR NEXT STEPS
Tobuilduponthesuccessofthecampsandusethefindingstosupporttheimplementationofthecybersecuritycareerpathway,thefollowingactionsarerecommendedforconsideration:
1. PublishabrochurethathighlightsthecomponentsoftheCyberCampstoassistschoolsthatareinterestedindevelopingacamporafter-schoolprogram.
2. ContinuetopartnerwithNICERCtoofferprofessionaldevelopmentonthecyberliteracycurriculuminVirginialocations.
3. Provideprofessionaldevelopmentforschoolcounselorsoncybersecuritytostrengthentheirknowledgebaseasthecybersecuritycareerpathwayisimplemented.
4. Createsupportforcybersecuritycompetitionsthatareheldthroughoutthestate.
5. Provideinformationtoschoolcounselorsandinstructionalstaffoncybersecurityresources,industrycertifications,courses,andmajorsthatareavailablethroughcommunitycollegesanduniversities.
6. Createashortpaperorbrochureoncross-disciplinaryteaching,askingafewoftheCyberCampacademicandCTEteacherstosharetheirperspectiveonthevalueofthismethodology.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
33
7. Duringtheroll-outofthecybersecuritycareerpathway,provideinformationtoacademicteachers,includingteachersofcomputerscience.
8. Createalistofthecompanies,educationalinstitutions,agencies,andotherorganizationsthatparticipatedintheCyberCampsanddistributeittoschoolsinterestedindevelopingacampandasaresourcetoCTEprogramsthatneedtoexpandtheiradvisoryboardstoincluderepresentativesfromcybersecurityfields.
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
34
WorksCited
Armstrong,D.K.(2015,August27).CybersecurityRegulationofWirelessDevicesforPerformanceandAssuranceintheAgeof"Medjacking."RetrievedAugust22,2016,fromJournalofDiabetesScienceandTechnology:http://dst.sagepub.com/content/10/2/435.abstract
Buchanan,L.(2017,January18).CybersecurityGames:BuildingTomorrow'sWorkforce.
BureauofLaborStatistics,U.S.DepartmentofLabor.(2015,December17).OccupationalOutlookHandbook2016-2017Edition.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromInformationSecurityAnalysts:http://www.bls.gov/ooh/
Cisco.(2015).MitigatingtheCybersecuritySkillsShortage:TopInsightsandActionsfromCiscoSecurityAdvisoryServices.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromCisco:http://www.cisco.com/c/dam/en/us/products/collateral/security/cybersecurity-talent.pdf
Fanelli,B.P.(2016,Fall).TheStateofCybersecurityAmongSmallBusinessesinNorthAmerica.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromCouncilofBetterBusinessBureausInc.:http://www.bbb.org/globalassets/shared/media/state-of-cybersecurity/cybersecurity-research-report.pdf
Goodman,M.(2015,2016).FutureCrimes:InsidetheDigitalUndergroundandtheBattleforOurConnectedWorld.NewYork:AnchorBooks.
Institute,P.(2016,February).TheStateofCybersecurityinHealthcareOrganizationsin2016.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromESET:https://cdn2.esetstatic.com/eset/US/resources/docs/white-papers/State_of_Healthcare_Cybersecurity_Study.pdf
KatzcyConsulting.(2016,November1).CybersecurityGames:BuildingTomorrow'sWorkforce.RetrievedDecember2016,fromKatczyConsulting:http://lp.katzcy.com/cybersecuritygames
LeClair,J.A.(2016).WomeninCybersecurity.Albany:HudsonWhitman/ExcelsiorCollegePress.
Lindberg,M.(2015,February12).3ReasonsWeWanttoIntroduceGirlstoCybersecurity.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromAAUWCareersandWorkplace:http://www.aauw.org/2015/02/12/introduce-girls-to-cybersecurity/
Margolis,J.(2008).StuckintheShallowEnd:Education,Race,andComputing.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromACMDigitalLibrary:http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1413116
.VIRGINIACYBERCAMP2016–ANINTRODUCTIONTOCAREERSINCYBERSECURITY
35
MarketResearchMedia.(2016,September5).U.S.FederalCybersecurityMarketForecast.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromMarketResearchMerdia:https://www.marketresearchmedia.com/?p=206
Morgan,S.(2016).CybersecurityJobsReport.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromCybersecurityVentures:http://www.cybersecurityventures.com/jobs
Morgan,S.(2016,January2).OneMillionCybersecurityJobOpeningsin2016.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromForbes:http://www.forbes.com/sites/stevemorgan/2016/01/02/one-million-cybersecurity-job-openings-in-2016/#73b52e577d27
NationalInitiativeforCybersecurityCareersandStudies.(2016,November3).DepartmentofHomelandSecurity.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromCybersecurityWorkforceFramework:https://niccs.us-cert.gov/workforce-development/cyber-security-workforce-framework
Paul,A.(2016,August).TheCodingRevolution.ScientificAmerican,315(2).
RaytheonandNationalCybersecurityAlliance.(2016,October).RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromSecuringOurFuture:ClosingtheCybersecurityTalentGap:http://www.raytheoncyber.com/rtnwcm/groups/corporate/documents/content/rtn_335212.pdf
Schlesinger,J.(2015,August26).TheGrowingNeedforMoreWomenCybersleuths.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromCNBCTechnology:http://www.cnbc.com/2015/08/26/the-growing-need-for-more-women-cybersleuths.html
Smith,M.(2016,February30).ComputerScienceForAll.RetrievedNovember13,2016,fromtheWhiteHouse:https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/01/30/computer-science-all
U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics.(2015,December).OccupationalEmploymentProjectionsto2024.RetrievedReleasedDecember8,2015,fromMonthlyLaborReview:(U.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,2015)
VirginiaEconomicDevelopmentPartnership.(2016).Virginia'sCybersecurityIndustry.RetrievedJanuary21,2017,fromYesVirginia.Org:http://www.yesvirginia.org/Content/pdf/Industry%20Profiles/VA%20Cybersecurity%20Summary%202016.pdf
Notes for Planning Your CyberCamp:
© 2017 Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Education
The Virginia Department of Education does not discriminate on the basis of race, sex, color, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, political affiliation, or against otherwise qualified persons with disabilities. The policy permits
appropriate employment preferences for veterans and specifically prohibits discrimination against veterans.