ViralViral Diseases in BananaDiseases in Banana

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Major Viral Diseases in Banana Major Viral Diseases in Banana

Kootaivazhai in Poovan

Bract Mosaic

Bunchy Top

Streak

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Kootaivazhai Symptoms in poovan Kootaivazhai Symptoms in poovan

In Tamil Nadu, the banana cv. Poovan

is characterized by conical and ill filled

fruits with prominent central core

having many under developed non

viable seed structure rendering the

fruits inedible.

Reasons

Insufficient growth hormones (Auxin) for

the redevelopment of fruit and hence the

fruits are forced to produced seeds .

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Management practicesManagement practices

This disorder can be overcome by spaying 2, 4-D 20 ppm when the last hand of bunch is opened.

The same chemical at same dose stage result in increased bunch weight and uniform grade especially in cvs. Nendran and monthan.

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Bract Mosaic VirusBract Mosaic Virus

Banana bract mosic virus (BBrMV,) -

locally known as kokkan.

Symptom develops in primarily

transmitted through infected suckers.

Transmission

Primary: Infected Sucker

Secondary: mealy bugs

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SymptomsSymptoms

Yellow streaks on leaves. Splitting of the

pseudo stem.

Abnormal emergence of the bunch from

the middle of the pseudo stem.

Produce fewer fruits of smaller size.

Dark reddish-brown mosaic symptoms,

which are especially obvious in bracts.

Spindle-shaped chlorotic streaks running

parallel to the veins.

Distinctive dark colored mosaic patterns, stripes or

spindle-shaped streaks are visible.

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Green or reddish-brown(depending on cultivar) streaks or

spindle shaped lesions on the petioles and a tendency towards

a congested leaf arrangement.

Management Practices:

Transmission by mealy bugs.

Requires early detection, and immediate eradication of infected

plants.

Effective control of the disease, similar to that of other viral

diseases.

virus-free propagating materials should be planted.

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Symptoms Symptoms

The presence of dark-green spots on

the petioles, midribs, and leaf veins of

the newly emerging leaves.

The infected leaves are erect,

narrow, stunted, and often have

yellow leaf margins.

The leaves become smaller as the

disease progresses.

Bunchy Top

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Eventually, the crown of the

plant is composed of only

stunted leaves, producing a

"bunchy top", hence the name.

The infected plant does not

produce any fruit or the

bunch does not emerge from

the pseudo stem.

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Mode of Spread Mode of Spread

Banana aphids (Pentalonia nigronevosa)

Infected planting materials

Volunteer plants that serve as alternate hosts like

Bird of paradise,

Ginger, and

Wild ban

Weeds

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Management PracticesManagement Practices

Using diseased-free planting materials controlling of aphids,

using soapy water or insecticidal soap.

Spray the Plants thoroughly, importantly on petioles, furled leaves,

whorls, or on young sucker removing and rouging of infected

banana plants. Chop, dry, and bury the infected plants.

Control vector by spraying methyl demoton 1 ml/l. or

Monocrotophos, 2 ml/l. or Phosphomidon 1 ml / lit. or Injection of

Monocrotophos 1 ml / plant (1 ml diluted in 4 ml). Infected plants

are destroyed using 4ml of 2, 4, D (50g in 400 ml of water).

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Banana Streak Virus Banana Streak Virus

Banana streak virus (BSV) is an important disease of Musa and

affecting the productivity of both bananas and plantains.

Reported in nearly all countries where this crop is grown

including Mauritius, India and many countries of the African

continent.

Symptoms

Disease severity is very variable, and

probably depends on environmental

conditions, as well as on host and virus

genotypes. (Cont)..

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The most characteristic foliar

symptoms of infection are

chlorotic streaks, which

become necrotic with time.

The leaf lamina may also be

narrower, thicker and become

torn.

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Stunting of the plant, constriction of the bunch on emergence

(choking), altered phyllotaxis (leaves arranged in a single

vertical plane instead of the normal spiral pattern), and

detachment and splitting of the outer leaf sheaths of the pseudo

stem.

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Management Practices Management Practices

The eradication of infected plants.

The use of BSV-free planting materials.

BSV can be carried in in-vitro plantlets, as it is not

eliminated by shoot-tip culture.

Virus particles can only be detected in areas of leaf tissue

with symptoms.

Parts of leaves with pronounced symptoms should be

used for serological indexing.

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To sum up: To sum up:

Viral diseases are mostly transmitted through vectors. It affect the quality and vigour of the plant.

Kottavazhai in banana – ill filled development of fruits with unviable seedy structure it can be overcome by application of 2, 4 – D 20ppm at the last hand of bunch opened.

Banana bract mosaic – This disease transmitted through aphids it caused symptom of dark reddish brown mosaic it may be avoided using free propagating materials.

Bunchy top – Stunted growth of plant with bunchy appearance. This disease transmitted through aphids. The disease controlled application of monocrotophos 2 ml/ lit.

Banana streak virus - Chlorotic spots on leaf lamina. Use virus free planting material.

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