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Vinyl Sulfone Fiber Reactive Dyes

Vinyl Sulfone dyes, also known as Remazol dyes after thetrademarked name under which they were first introduced, are

a type of fiber reactive dye that is often used in silk painting.Although silk paintings made with vinyl sulfone dyes areusually steamed to set the dye, the dyes can also be batchcured at warm room temperatures.

!nlike some fiber reactive dyes, vinyl sulfones can be used astrue reactive dyes on cotton, silk, A"# wool. $f course, woolmust never be sub%ected to the high p&s used in dyeingcotton, and it re'uires high heat, unlike cotton. (ike all dyesthat work on cotton, vinyl sulfones can also be used on linen,

hemp, and other cellulose )plant* fibers.

Vinyl sulfone dyes are a type of fiber reactive dye that is lessreactive than, for e+ample, rocion - dyes, and thus theyboth last longer in solution in water, and re'uire more heat forthe reaction with the fiber. /his means that they can actuallybe purchased already dissolved in water, unlike rocion - or0ibacron 1 dyes, eliminating the one slightly hazardous step ofworking with powdered dyes.

/he lower reactivity of Vinyl sulfones is not the whole story,however. !nlike #rimarene 2 and 0ibacron 1 dye, Vinylsulfones contain a 3masking3 group, on the reactive part of themolecule, which prevents them from reacting with the dyewater until it is removed. /his makes the dyes much longerlasting in water4 /he masking group of at least some of theRemazols can be removed at high p& )i.e, with soda ash or potash or sodium silicate*, which is suitable for cotton, or, if thedye solution is heated to a high enough temperature, at mildly

acid p&, which is suitable for wool. /he latter is a slowerprocess. 5/hanks to #oug 6ilson for describing this on the#yerslist mailing list7 he referenced the book Wool Dyeing,edited by #avid -. (ewis and published by the Society of#yers and 0olorists.8

Table of Contents:

http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/dyelists.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/dyelists.shtml

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&ow to use Vinyl sulfone fiber reactive dyes

6here to buy specific single9hue unmi+ed Remazol dyes

About the 0hemistry of the Vinyl Sulfone dyes

0hemical Resist #yeing

How to use Vinyl sulfone fiber reactive dyes

Keep it warm!

:f you are omitting the heat9setting step altogether, using sodaash as when dyeing with rocion - dye, it is best to place thefreshly dyed items in a warm place overnight, ideally between

between ;< and =< degrees 0elsius )>;< degrees1ahrenheit*, though somewhat cooler temperaures can beused. ?ou can achieve this by placing buckets or sealed bagscontaining your dyed items in a sinkful of hot water, or byplacing your items on waterproof sheeting on top of a heatingpad or under an electric blanket, or on top of the refrigeratorin a warm kitchen. ?ou can wrap your items to keep themdamp )and@or use urea when mi+ing your dyes*, and placethem in a slightly warm oven. $r you can seal them in plasticand microwave them briefly, until the fabric is hot to the touch.)Sealing in plastic keeps the microwave clean, and it keepsyour fabric from drying out, so it does not burn. 6atch closelyso that the steam inside does not burst the plastic.

Look at the pros' instructions

Re'uest instructions from your supplier, or see the helpful webpages below. :nstructions may not be completelyinterchangeable, as it is possible that the dye solutions sold by

the different companies may be different in concentration4

/he old )now discontinued* 0reate+ 0olors (i'uid 1iber

#yes included instructionsfor tie9dyeing and immersiondyeing with soda ash without heat fixing, and for handpainting and silk screening with heat setting)microwaving, baking, or steaming*

http://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#howhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#wherehttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#chemistryhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#chemicalresisthttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#howhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#wherehttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#chemistryhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/remazol.shtml#chemicalresisthttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtmlhttp://www.pburch.net/dyeing/createx_instructions.shtml

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R$ 0hemical #ye3s

o :nstructions for Solid Shade@:mmersion

#yeing)heating dye bath to >;< degrees 1 )=< 0*for =< minutes*

o

ainting rinting@#irect Application)steaming orafter9setting with R$ 1i+ (&1 or clothes dryer heat9setting 5the latter re'uires urea to retain moisture inthe dye8*

o Solid Shade@:mmersion on 6ool)boiling for ;B

minutes*

Catik $etoro says to use the same instructions as fortheir fiber reactive #rimarene 2 dyes, but withtemperatures of ;

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/he Remazol brand name is owned by #ystar, which stillmanufacturers many vinyl sulfone dyes. Vinyl sulfone dyes arealso manufactured by other companies now. #ystar hasobtained $eko9/e+ Standard >

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?ellow3 is more tan than golden in color*. Although #ylonermanent, #ylon 6ashing -achine, and #ylon &and dyes allcontain mostly #rimarene 2 type dyes, their Clack containsmostly Reactive Clack B, a highly satisfactory Remazol type

dye.

Recommended mixing primariesin the Hac'uard Red (abelline are yellow, magenta, cyan, and black7 their web siteincludes a table for mi+ing different colorsfrom these four.#on3t use ro0hem3s 3Jolden ?ellow3 as a mi+ing primary,because it is a tan color, not yellow, to my eye7 it should bevery useful as a toning mi+er, however, for dulling down overlybright color mi+tures. ro0hem3s 3Sun ?ellow3 is a good brightcolor for mi+ing, as are their :ntense Clue and /ur'uoise7 :

personally prefer their 1uchsia to their -i+ing Red as aprimary.

:n the table below, HR stands for Hac'uard Red (abel #yes7C$ stands for Catik $etoro7 22 for 2raftkolour7 J1 standsfor Jranat 1arvekompagniet7 and S?" stands for Synthesia.R$ stands for R$ 0hemical #ye. "ote that Hac'uard Red(abel Silk 0olors also include many other colors, which are,according to the manufacturers, mi+tures of two or more

colors of dye.

Hac'uard Jreen (abel Silk 0olors contain the same dyes asHac'uard Red (abel Silk 0olors, but in the Jreen (abel dyes,the concentration is half that of the Red (abel dyes, and theJreen (abel dye mi+tures have been acidified and appear tocontain some )unidentified* chemicals not found in the Red(abel dye mi+tures. Hac'uard Red (abel Silk 0olors are moredilute than ro0hem3s (i'uid 1iber Reactive #yes7 Hac'uardRed (abel Clack LBF is appro+imately one9fourth the strength

of ro0hem3s Clack B

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blues often contain copper, since copper compoundsthemselves are often beautiful blues.

code CI name other names retailers notes

Yellow GR ReactiveYellow 15 Gelb GR BO, GF, SYNno metals

Yellow RTNReactiveYellow 24

Gelb RTN GF

Yellow GLReactiveYellow 37

Bill! Gelb GL"#S $%% Bi&'tYellow

GF, ((, "#Sincl! in )RO Lea* Geen+"#S *ai&oo- -isc'!+e.cellent li&'t*astness

Yellow FGReactiveYellow 42

SYN

Yellow RReactive

Yellow 77BO, GF -isc'a&eable /0

Yellow 3R 0"#S $%1 Gol-enYellow

"#S-isc'a&eable /0+ "#S*ai&oo- -isc'+*ai li&'t*astness

Yellow R4GLReactiveYellow 1$%

Bill! Gelb 4GL GF -isc'a&eable /0

Yellow 4GReactiveYellow 1$

SYN -isc'a&eable /0

Oan&e 2RReactiveOan&e 7

Oan&e 3RReactiveOan&e 1$

Bill! Oan&e 3R+Re- Label 7%$

icot+Ston& Oan&eLR2%2

"R, BO, GF, ((,)RO, SYN

-isc'a&eable /0

Oan&e 2GReactiveOan&e 72

Oan&e 2RLReactiveOan&e 2

Gol-enYellow RNL

ReactiveOan&e 1%7

((

Bo-ea. BReactiveRe- 46

Bo-o. B+Re- Label 717i&ital"# $%4 Bo-ea.

"R, "#, GF"#S 2%8sten&t'

Rbine 9BReactiveRe- $%

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Re- 92GReactiveRe- 1%$

Re- R2G see above0 "# $%2 Re-258 sten&t'+*ai&oo- -isc'!+*ai li&'t*astness

Re- BSReactiveRe- 111

Re- 3BS 0 "#S $%3 :a&enta "#S

Re- 5BReactiveRe- 35

SYN

)ocion ;

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Ble 2

Geen $BReactiveBle 3

BO, ((

aD Ble ;RReactive

Ble 6

Ble 3GReactiveBle 6

Nav? BleGG

ReactiveBle 2%3

Bill! Bla BB133 GF, ((

Nav? Ble $GReactiveBle 21

BO

Ble BBReactiveBle 22%

contains coe

Nav? BleRGB ReactiveBle 25% "# $%7 Nav?

5%8 sten&t'+

&oo- -isc'!+*ai li&'t*astness

Bown GRReactiveBown 1

Ban GR BO, GF, (( non

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intermediate in reactivity between the high9reactivityheterocyclic systems, such as dichlorotriazone 5rocion -type8 or difluropyrimidine, and the low9reactivity ranges, suchas aminochlorotriazine 5rocion &8 or trichloropyrimidine.

I+haust dyeing temperatures between ;< and =< degrees 0may be chosen, depending on p&, since caustic soda 5"a$&8 isoften selected to bring about alkaline hydrolysis of theprecursor sulphate ester. 5!se ph in sulphate if you3reCritish, f if American.8 /hese dyes are applicable by a widevariety of batchwise and continuous processes. /hesubstantivity 5tendency to cling to the fiber even whenunreacted8 of many of these dyes is markedly lower than thatof typical haloheterocycloic dyes 5eg rocion - or 0ibacron18. "ot only has the vinylsulphone group, unlike the

heterocyclic ring systems, little if any inherent affinity forcellulose, but the terminal sulphato group enhances thea'ueous solubility of the precursor form before >,G9eliminationto the vinylsulphone. :n contrast to the haloheterocyclicsystems, the dye9fibre bonds formed by the vinylsulphonedyes are at their weakest under alkaline conditions.:.e., use temperatures between ;< and =< 0 )>;< 1*,and use alkaline conditions )high p&, as usual with fiberreactive dyes*. &igh p& OmightO work for discharging. :t

should resist acid perspiration better than rocion - or0ibacron 1 dyes, if that3s a problem for you. :t should be vastlyeasier to wash out of the fabric than rocion - or 0ibacron 1dyes. "oteN vinyl sulfone dyes should be rinsed in cool water toremove au+iliary chemicals and normalize p& before it is rinsedin hot water7 an initial rinse in hot water may break some ofthe bonds between dye and fiber.

structure, if available

(click on image

for enlarged view)

CI name chemical nam

9!A!ReactiveBle22%, aDaRemaolB! BleBB

9ate/4

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ReactiveBlacD 5

2,7

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ReactiveRe- 1%

5

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2ate 6ells gives recipes for chemical resist printing, includingspecific recommendations for which Remazol dyes are the bestchoices to use, in her book 1abric #yeing and rinting.

Sources for resist che!icals

/he resist chemical used to prevent the vinyl sulfone dyes fromattaching to the fabric is sold by Hac'uard roducts under thename 0hemical Reactive Resist. /heir web site lists four mail9order sources in the !SN Cinders Art Supplies and 1rames,1abrics to #ye 1or, Cates Art #esigns Supply, and &ull3s ArtSupply and 1raming. /he chemical, previously known as CAS10hemical Reactive Resist, is also available in industrial'uantities from C/0 Specialty 0hemical #istribution.

Another chemical, Casilen 1i+ing Agent, is often substituted inthis method for the soda ash otherrwise used to fi+ the fiberreactive dyes to the fabric, with the advantage of permitting alonger wait time before steaming.

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