WATER QUALITY MAPPING BY USING GIS IN GORAKHPUR CITY

SUBMITTED BY:VIMLESH KUMAR

VERMASAURABH KUMARKRISHNA KUMAR

BRIJ MOHAN SINGHPAWAN KUMAR PANDAY

RISHABH KATIYAR

GUIDED BY:DR. R. K. SHUKLAASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

CONTENTS• OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

• STUDY AREA

• WATER QUALITY CHARACTERSTICS

• CODAL PROVISION FOR PARAMETERS

• WATER BORNE DISEASES

• AREA COVERD

• WATER QUALITY MAPPING BY QGIS

• DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

• WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BAESD ON WQI

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCES

OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT

To study the variation of ground water quality in Gorakhpur

city.

To integrate the water quality data with the spatial database.

To develop an interactive water quality map.

To identify the places with best quality of drinking water

within the study area.

To assess the suitability of ground water for drinking purposes.

• Gorakhpur city is located along the bank of Rapti river in the eastern part of Indian state of U.P.

• Its Latitude=26.7606°N Longitude=83.3732°E• Having area of 5484 sq.km

and elevation of 84m.• Population is about 671048

lakhs (census 2011).

STUDY AREA

WATER QUALITY CHARACTERSTICS

Physical properties of water quality include suspended solids, temperature, taste and odour, color and turbidity.

Chemical characteristics involve parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, total hardness and chloride concentration.

Bacteriological characteristics- most probable number of coliform bacteria i.e. MPN value

CODAL PROVISION FOR PARAMETERS

SR. NO.

PARAMETERS ACCEPTABLE

LIMIT

PERMISIBLE LIMIT

1 pH 6.5 8.5

2 Total Dissolved Solids 500mg/l 2000mg/l

3 Alkalinity 200mg/l 600mg/l

4 Hardness 200mg/l 600mg/l

5 Chloride Content 250mg/l 1000mg/l

WATER BORNE DISEASES

Bacterial infections: Typhoid, Cholera, Bacillary

dysentery

Viral infections: Infectious Hepatitis(jaundice),

Poliomyelitis

Protozoal infections: Amoebic dysentery.

If TDS is present in excess amount causes Gaestro-Intestinal Irritation.

AREAS COVERDSample

No.Latitude Longitude pH Alkalinity Hardness Chloride TDS WQI

1 26.729366 83.431376 7.5 120 158 62 130 29.6045

2 26.726854 83.433025 6.5 122 223 171 530 43.3626

3 26.725367 83.434000 7.3 150 340 148 840 560278

4 26.731377 83.430386 7.5 205 214 54 270 38.2348

5 26.731464 83.427839 8.0 196 205 58 530 44.8702

6 26.733596 83.430599 7.5 191 250 190 550 51.2870

7 26.743083 83.419968 7.5 115 145 44 758 43.4012

8 26.745585 83.415553 7.5 195 127 52 250 34.5905

9 26.747155 83.414166 7.0 247 272 157 900 59.8834

10 26.738957 83.425091 7.5 149 313 97 600 48.1730

11 26.733323 83.428915 7.0 222 211 178 650 49.3702

12 26.721210 83.436953 6.5 104 180 50 500 36.1235

13 26.717510 83.439584 7.5 156 290 79 450 43.5396

14 26.719654 83.438287 6.5 88 230 70 550 38.8374

15 26.723691 83.435705 7.0 264 340 202 950 65.5033

16 26.748982 83.404551 8.5 280 235 29 220 42.0358

17 26.749341 83.401417 7.5 296 310 99 700 43.2475

18 26.749567 83.398063 7.0 338 420 134 850 66.4143

19 26.751674 83.387253 7.5 212 242 66 350 41.7573

20 26.722474 83.433563 6.5 111 151 95 570 38.8789

21 26.720817 83.431542 7.5 212 293 122 760 55.1797

22 26.720082 83.429232 7.5 194 215 103 670 49.2067

23 26.717524 83.432379 7.5 181 175 67 390 39.3147

24 26.739428 83.417794 7.5 180 533 144 810 63.0032

25 26.739870 83.418544 7.5 201 470 63 310 47.0973

26 26.742602 83.41790 7.5 191 230 94 550 46.2570

27 26.743145 83.416625 6.5 219 196 96 590 45.6674

28 26.727806 83.431149 7.3 180 350 183 750 56.9662

29 26.730237 83.437735 7.5 175 185 42 540 41.9893

30 26.72897 83.43705 7.5 190 139 40 320 35.9390

QGIS (previously known as Quantum GIS) is a cross-platform free and open-source desktop geographic information system (GIS) application that provides data viewing, editing, and analysis.

FUNCTIONALITY: Similar to other software GIS systems, QGIS allows users to create

maps with many layers using different map projections. Maps can be assembled in different formats and for different uses. QGIS

allows maps to be composed of raster or vector layers. Typical for this kind of software, the vector data is stored as point, line,

or polygon-feature.

WATER QUALITY MAPPING USING QGIS

PROCEDURE FOR MAPPING

Make the CSV file of all the points in Excel from where sample is

collected.

Now open the QGIS 2.16.2 software.

Select new project and add shapefile of India.

Now select add delimited text layer and open the file.

Choose X and Y coordinate as latitude and longitude and click OK.

Now the points are plotted on map.

Each of the groundwater sample are analyzed for various parameters such as pH, total hardness, chloride content, alkalinity, TDS etc.  

Computing Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater, three steps:

Step 1: • Each of the selected parameters has been assigned weight

according to its relative importance in the overall quality of water for drinking purposes.

• The maximum weight of five has been assigned to the parameter nitrate due to its major importance in water quality assessment.

• Magnesium which is given the minimum weight of two as magnesium by itself may not be harmful

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Parameter Weight of each parameter wi Relative weight Wi

pH 4 .1212121

Total dissolved solids 4 .1212121

Hardness 2 .0606061

Alkalinity 3 .0909091

Chloride content 3 .0909091

Fluoride 4 .1212121

Sulphate 4 .1212121

Nitrate 5 .1515152

Calcium 2 .0606061

Magnesium 2 .0606061

  33  

STEP 2: Calculate relative weight of each parameter Wi

Step 3

A quality rating scale (qi) for each parameter is assigned qi= (Ci /Si)*100Where qi is quality of rating, Ci is the concentration of each chemical parameter in each water sample in

mg/l, and Si is the Indian drinking water standard for each chemical parameter in mg/l according to the guidelines of the BIS 10500,(2004-2005).

For computing the WQI, the Si is first determined for each chemical parameter, which is then used to determine the WQI as per the following equations.

SIi = Wi* qi

WQI = ∑SIi SIi is the subindex of ith parameter. qi is the rating based on concentration of ith parameter. n is the no of parameters

WQI VALUE WATER QUALITY

<50 Excellent

50-100 Good Water

100-200 Poor Water

200-300 Very Poor Water

>300 Water Unsuitable For Drinking

WATER QUALITY CLASSIFICATION BAESD ON WQI

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of different experimental data of samples

of different regions of Gorakhpur city and GPS co-

ordinates, we will plot the map of water quality with

the help of Quantum GIS.

Those parameters which lie within permissible limit

are having better water quality.

REFERENCES

• Drinking water specification IS 10500:2012

• Water Supply Engineering by S.K. Garg

• Burrough, P.A., R.A. McDonnell (1998), Principles of

Geographical Information Systems, Oxford

• Water in Northern Greece. Elaboration by Applying GIS’,

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment

Thank you