Villalon Singing the Landscape Presentation

8/8/2019 Villalon Singing the Landscape Presentation

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Ric e Terrac es o f Ric e Ter rac es of t he Phi l ipp inet he Phi l ipp ine

Cordi l lerasCordi l leras

A Living Cultural Landscape onA Living Cultural Landscape onBorrowed TimeBorrowed Time


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The fa rming ca lendar p rov ides the w arp or t he s t ruc t u reThe fa rming c a lendar p rov ides the w arp or t he s t ruc t u reof t he year, w h i le c eremonies , be l iefs , and c us tom sf t he year, w h i le cerem onies, be l iefs , and c us tom sprov ide the w ef t , bu i lding up t he pat t e rns o f the br ight lyrov ide the w ef t , bu i lding up t he pat t e rns o f the br igh t lyc o lored c lo th t ha t i s l i fe in Southo lored c lo th t ha t i s l i fe in Sout h -East Asia as t As ia


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The Asian Ric e Cul t ureThe Asian Ric e Cul t ure Rice has been grown inRice has been grown in

Asia for about 7,000Asia for about 7,000

yearsyears Rice is central to theRice is central to the

Asian dietAsian diet

Rice goes beyond diet, itRice goes beyond diet, itis the unifying factor inis the unifying factor in

the diverse Asianthe diverse Asian

culturescultures Rice planting andRice planting and

harvesting inspiresharvesting inspires

rituals, festivalsrituals, festivals


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An As ian Ic on:An Asian Ic on:The Landsc ape o f Ric eThe Landsc ape o f Ric e

Rice germinates in flat,Rice germinates in flat,flooded paddiesflooded paddies

Paddied landscape found allPaddied landscape found allover Asiaover Asia

Rice landscape patternRice landscape pattern

unifies Asiaunifies Asia Rice landscape unchangedRice landscape unchanged

for centuriesfor centuries

Rice landscape result ofRice landscape result of agriculture, environment,agriculture, environment,

and cultural practicesand cultural practices sustained traditional sitesustained traditional site

managementmanagement

traditional practicestraditional practicescontinue to this daycontinue to this day


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Ric e Terrac es of t he Phi l ipp ineRic e Terrac es of t he Phi l ipp ine

Cordi l leras:Cordi l leras:Cont inuing Cul t ura l Landsc apeCont inuing Cul t ura l Landscape

Inscribed onInscribed onWorld Heritage List,World Heritage List,

19951995

Organically evolved,Organically evolved,continuingcontinuingculturalcultural

landscapelandscape

Terraces have beenTerraces have been

in constant use forin constant use for

over 1,000 yearsover 1,000 years


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Ric e Terrac es of t he Phi l ipp ineRic e Terrac es of t he Phi l ipp ine

Cordi l leras:Cordi l leras:proves the leng th t he As ian w i l l go to g row r ic eproves the leng th t he As ian w i l l go to g row r ic e


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7007001500 meters above sea level1500 meters above sea level

Covers 20,000 sq km area within the Cordillera Mountain RangeCovers 20,000 sq km area within the Cordillera Mountain Range

Slopes to a maximum of 70Slopes to a maximum of 70 Maximum slope for Bali terraces 40Maximum slope for Bali terraces 40


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Cord i l le ra Ric eCord i l le ra Ric e Site conditionsSite conditions

demandingdemanding HighHigh--altitudealtitude

rice strainrice strain

Germinates inGerminates in

nearnear--freezingfreezingtemperaturestemperaturesin floodedin floodedpaddiespaddies

Grows chestGrows chest--

high unlikehigh unlikelowland ricelowland rice

NonNon--shatteringshattering

paniclespanicles


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Manual labor onlyManual labor only

Slope too steep for farm animals or machinerySlope too steep for farm animals or machinery


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Water Water Lifeline of theLifeline of the

terracesterraces TraditionalTraditional

irrigation systemirrigation system streams divertedstreams diverted

to small damsto small dams water distributionwater distribution

through mud andthrough mud andbamboo irrigationbamboo irrigation

systemsystem UnobstructedUnobstructed

downhill flowdownhill flowthrough allthrough all

terracesterraces


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Trad i t iona l Hydrau l ic sTrad i t iona l Hydrau l ic s

Hydraulic powerHydraulic powerbuilds terracesbuilds terraces

Hydraulic powerHydraulic power

moves rocks andmoves rocks andother large naturalother large natural

objectsobjects


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Water Water --gat her ing sys t emgat her ing sys t em Terraces onTerraces on

easterneasternslopes forslopes formaximummaximum

sunlightsunlight PrivatePrivate

forests ringforests ring

tops of eachtops of eachterraceterraceclustercluster

Water cycleWater cyclemanagementmanagement


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NatureNature --Cul t ure Cont inuumCul t ure Cont inuum

HudHud--hudhud: harvest: harvestchant by womenchant by women

Ten Most ValuableTen Most Valuable

Intangible HeritageIntangible Heritage

of the Worldof the WorldUNESCO, 2001UNESCO, 2001

Rituals: planting,Rituals: planting,

growing, harvestgrowing, harvest Religious beliefs:Religious beliefs:

center on ricecenter on rice


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Trad it iona l Arc h i t ec t u reTradi t ional Arc h i t ec t u re SouthSouth--East Asian archetypeEast Asian archetype

single room dwellingsingle room dwelling

raised on wooden stiltsraised on wooden stilts

steep thatched roofsteep thatched roof

Built with natural materialsBuilt with natural materials

gathered from surroundinggathered from surroundingareasareas

Clustered in small villagesClustered in small villagesaround open areaaround open area

Private and ceremonialPrivate and ceremonialgranariesgranaries

Architectural forms echoArchitectural forms echomountain environmentmountain environment


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L iv ing on bor row ed t im eL iv ing on bor row ed t im e AgriculturalAgricultural

traditionstraditions

threatenedthreatened decay of irrigationdecay of irrigation incompatibleincompatible

modern materialsmodern materialsand techniquesand techniques

EnvironmentalEnvironmentaltraditionstraditionsthreatenedthreatened deforestationdeforestation

ConstructionConstructiontraditionstraditionsthreatenedthreatened Loss of naturalLoss of natural

building materialsbuilding materials

Loss ofLoss ofconstruction skillsconstruction skills


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L iv ing on bor row ed t im eL iv ing on bor row ed t im e

CulturalCulturaltraditionstraditions

threatenedthreatened

Intrusion ofIntrusion oflowlandlowland

cultureculture

Erosion ofErosion ofreligiousreligious

beliefsbeliefs


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L iv ing on bor row ed t im eL iv ing on bor row ed t im e PovertyPoverty

Decrease in populationDecrease in population

Migration of young toMigration of young to

urban areasurban areas

Is the Ifugao culture stillIs the Ifugao culture still

valid for 2004?valid for 2004?

Can culture withstandCan culture withstand

threats of modernizationthreats of modernization Should culture be frozenShould culture be frozen

simply to maintain thesimply to maintain the

site?site?


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Preservat ion e f for t sPreservat ion e f for t s

No nationalNo national

awareness ofawareness ofnaturenature--cultureculturecontinuumcontinuum

NationalNationalpolicies forpolicies forsite notsite not

based onbased onlocal culturelocal culture


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World Her i t age in Danger,Wor ld Her i t age in Danger,

20002000 Maintenance programMaintenance program

previously on nationalpreviously on nationallevellevel

Maintenance now inMaintenance now in

hands of localhands of localstakeholdersstakeholders

Holistic revival programHolistic revival program agriculturalagricultural

environmentalenvironmental CulturalCultural

Pride of PlacePride of Place


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Stakeholders areStakeholders are

finding the answersfinding the answers


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SalamatSalamat

Thank YouThank You

Villalon Singing the Landscape Presentation

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