Village Assessment Report Volume I April 2009...and Risk Mapping Analysis (TRMA). This project is...

Village Assessments and Returnee Monitoring in Southern Kordofan and Two States in Southern Sudan

(Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab)

Volume I: Analytical Report, Maps and Statistical Tables

April 2009

Acknowledgements In the execution of this project the International Organization for Migration (IOM) wishes to express its thanks to its partners: the Government of National Unity (GoNU), Humanitarian Aid Commission (HAC), the Government of Southern Sudan (GoSS), the Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (SSRRC), Voluntary Return and Reintegration Committee (VRRC) in Southern Kordofan, , Mercy Corps, the Sudan Red Crescent (SRC), CARE International in Unity State and World Vision International (WVI) in Warrab State. IOM also wishes to extend its thanks to the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) Protection and RRR Units. This project would not have been possible without the generous contributions and support of our donors. In this respect, IOM would like to offer its sincere appreciation to the United Nations Common Humanitarian Fund (CHF), the European Commission for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO), the Office for Disaster Assistance of the United States Agency for Development (OFDA/USAID), AusAID International Refugee Fund, Government of Japan and UNDP, particularly to the Threat and Risk Mapping Analysis (TRMA). This project is conducted in full partnership with the Southern Sudan Relief and Rehabilitation Committee who have worked hand in hand with IOM throughout both the project design and implementation of the programme. As such, IOM would like to offer its particular appreciation to the SSRRC for its support, as we also look forward to working together in the further development of the Village Assessment Programme.

Table of contents Acknowledgements ..............................................................................................................................2

Introduction ..........................................................................................................................................4

Executive summary ..............................................................................................................................6

PART I – narrative report.....................................................................................................................8

A. Background ..................................................................................................................................8

B. Methodology ................................................................................................................................8

C. Challenges ..................................................................................................................................10

D. Assessments results ....................................................................................................................11

1. Total villages assessed ...............................................................................................................11

2. Water coverage in assessed areas...............................................................................................12

2.1 Availability and accessibility of water ...................................................................................12

2.2 Access to improved drinking water in area assessed .............................................................13

3. Education and school enrolment ................................................................................................14

3.1 Coverage and type of education .............................................................................................14

3.2 School enrolment and gender disaggregation ........................................................................17

3.3 Construction type and equipment of schools .........................................................................18

4. Health sector and HIV/AIDS awareness ....................................................................................19

4.1 Coverage and accessibility of health facilities .......................................................................19

4.2 Structure and staffing of healthcare facilities.........................................................................20

4.3 HIV/AIDS ..............................................................................................................................23

5. Income generation and food resources.......................................................................................23

5.1 Income generation activities in the area assessed ..................................................................23

5.2 Food resources........................................................................................................................24

5.3 Food assistance.......................................................................................................................25

6. Shelter and housing ....................................................................................................................26

PART II – maps..................................................................................................................................27

PART III: statistical tables and form sample .....................................................................................64

Annexes..............................................................................................................................................64

Introduction

This report represents the culmination of IOM Sudan’s Village Assessment Programme which was conducted in Southern Sudan and Southern Kordofan between January and March 2009. All of IOM’s programmes in Sudan are aimed at promoting the safe, dignified and sustainable return and reintegration of those who have been uprooted by the latest civil war in Sudan, a war which has displaced more than 4 million individuals in a region dominated by poverty and scarcity. Within Sudan, IOM is most closely associated with the joint governmental, UN and IOM IDP return programme, through which IOM has helped more than 107,000 IDPs to get back to their homes in Southern Sudan. In addition to this programme, IOM has supported the return of Sudanese migrants who have been stranded abroad, the return of highly qualified migrants from the Diaspora (and IDP populations) and, in coordination with UNHCR, the repatriation of refugees. In total, within the last four years, IOM has assisted in the return of more than 160,000 individuals to different parts of Sudan. While the various assisted return programmes have had an enormous impact on the recovery and development of the region, they are dwarfed by the level of spontaneous returns which have occurred to the region. IOM’s Tracking of Spontaneous Returns Programme has determined that 1.7 million individuals have returned to Southern Sudan and Southern Kordofan over the last four years.1 To provide a coherent strategy towards addressing these reintegration challenges, IOM Sudan has increasingly focused its activities in the Protocol Areas and Southern Sudan on three interlinked projects based upon three core activities - to find the spontaneous returnees, to assess the conditions of the returnees, and to assist those returnees who are in the greatest need. The corresponding projects to IOM’s three core activities are IOM’s Tracking Project (find), Returnee Monitoring project (assess) and community reintegration projects (assist). These three projects are operationally bound to one another, and together address the most critical humanitarian needs arising from the return process. The Tracking Project collects basic demographic information, quantifying and locating the returnees across the ten states of South Sudan. The tracking data forms the basis for the selection of sites for the Village Assessment Programme which provides detailed assessments of the availability and access to basic services. Data from the Village Assessment Programme forms the basis of decisions for the targeting of IOM reintegration projects. At this time, IOM’s Village Assessment is largely only active within the states where the percentage of returnees represents 54% of the total returnees to South Sudan and the Three Areas and where IOM maintains a permanent presence, (Southern Kordofan, Northern Bahr el Ghazal, Warrab, Unity and Western Bahr el Ghazal) 2. Following an ad hoc village assessment in 2007, IOM greatly intensified the programme in 2008, piloting the programme to provide complete coverage in one state. For various reasons, though primarily the density of returns, the state selected for this pilot was Southern Kordofan. This 1 Total Returns to Southern Sudan, Post CPA to June 2008’ report published in October 2008 at http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/media/docs/reports/returns_tracking_report.pdf 2 IOM Village Assessment and Returnee Monitoring in Southern Kordofan and Four States in Southern Sudan 2008

programme was successfully concluded with 100% of all accessible villages assessed in that state, and additionally 100% of villages were assessed in Northern Bahr al Ghazal and 97% of villages in Warrab State. In 2009, the assessment and reporting process was broken down into two stages. Up to April 2009, IOM has extended the coverage of the programme to include 100% and of all villages in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 97% of all villages in Warrab and gathered the data from the 76 remaining villages in Southern Kordofan (those not accessible in 2008). By the end of June 2009 IOM will complete 100% of all villages in Unity. We also plan to conduct village assessments in Western Bahr el Ghazal, Central Equatoria and Abyei area by the end of 2009, pending adequate funding. The present report displays the data on 4,905 villages assessed. A concluding report for the entire 2009 activities will be available in December 2009. Findings of assessed villages in the first quarter of 2009 are represented in two volumes, ‘Volume I: Comprehensive Analytical Report South Kordofan, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab, Maps and Statistical Tables including Full Village Assessment Datasets’. The data collected at state level will be further analyzed and published as Volume II in separate state reports. Volume I is comprised of 3 parts;

• PART I: narrative based analysis of assessed villages, • PART II: maps providing visual representation of key parts of the data, • PART III: simple statistical tables and form sample.

The Full Village Assessment Dataset is published in CD format only as Volume II. This volume provides the completed forms for all the villages assessed which can be accessed through ‘clickable’ maps at the state, county and payam levels.

Executive summary The following report presents the results of village assessments conducted in two states of Southern Sudan (Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab) and Southern Kordofan after completing all accessible villages (97% to 100%) from June 2008 to April 2009, where 4,905 villages were assessed. The reported villages with returnees’ represent 79% of the total assessed areas. Insufficient access to water and particularly improved drinking water has been flagged by the majority of the villages in Southern Sudan as the major concern, in Southern Kordofan the access to water has been rated as being of ‘medium’ concern. Only in 39% of villages have hand pumps been established, 9% of the villages have protected wells, but 35% of all hand pumps are found to be non functioning (1,881), almost one third of all villages in Southern Sudan and South Kordofan use river water and unprotected well water as their main water source. Lack of access to health care has been rated as the second major concern. Only 9% of the villages assessed have healthcare facilities. Logistical constraints, such as inaccessible roads or lack of public transport, and/or no financial means hinder the access to health care of the majority of the remaining villages. Of those villages which had healthcare facilities, the majority are found to lack qualified personnel. Of all the health facilities assessed, 37% of health staff consist of mid wives/traditional birth attendants and 26% nurses. 23% have medical assistants and only 4% have medical doctors. Levels of HIV/AIDS awareness in the states of Southern Sudan is of great concern; only 9% of interlocutors within the focal group discussions in Northern Bahr al Ghazal and Warrab report any knowledge about HIV/AIDS. In Southern Kordofan, 53% have been reached by awareness programmes. 29% of the villages assessed have direct access to education, whereas 82% of the education facilities are basic primary schools and only 2% are secondary schools. In general, each primary school serves on average 3.4 villages. 10% of the schools are Koranic, all of which are located in Southern Kordofan. Educational structures are found to be of a generally very basic standard, 28% of the schools are outdoor facilities, and 59% are of non permanent structure. Gender equality in school enrolment is relatively positive in Southern Kordofan, where 41% of the students are girls. In Southern Sudan education of girls is less common, with only 26% of the pupils being female. 70% - 86% of the population gave as their main source of income as agro-pastoralism with farming and livestock rearing being reported as main activities. 22% of those in Southern Sudan report complementing this with fishing. The main source of food is based on the income generated from these activities and purchase of additional food at markets. The food basket is complemented by collection of wild fruits and hunting (11%). In comparison to the food sources before the conflict, own production has decreased from 50% to 32%, whereas market purchase has increased from 17% to 20%.

Villages assessed per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Number of villages assessed Percentage of villages assessed Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 100% Southern Kordofan 1,164 100% Warrab 2,001 97%

Total 4,905 99%

PART I – NARRATIVE REPORT

A. Background It is estimated that approximately four million people were displaced during the 20 years of fighting between the northern and southern regions of Sudan. Return to Southern Sudan occurred in small numbers following the ceasefire agreement in 2002, but following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in January 2005, IDP returns increased considerably in terms of both North-South and South-South movements. The estimated number of spontaneous returnees to Southern Sudan and Southern Kordofan up to June 2008 is 1.7 million3. In addition, around 220,000 Sudanese have been assisted home through GoSS/GNU/UN-IOM organized return operations, including both IDPs and refugees. 20 years of civil war have severely limited the availability of basic services in most regions of Southern Sudan, and many of those who return have a limited knowledge of subsistence mechanisms leading to high levels of dependence on humanitarian assistance. For both - returnees and residents – the lack of livelihood opportunities and basic services imposes a great challenge to the successful development of war affected areas. IOM began conducting village assessment and returnee monitoring programmes in villages of high return in 2007. Initially, the aim of this programme was to identify needs for interventions for IOM’s own High/Quick Impact Projects but as the programme evolved better assessment tools and more effective information gathering methodologies, the programme has also developed a much greater geographic reach and more extensive objectives. The village assessment programme has the following primary objectives: • Collect data and map population patterns and basic infrastructure at village level within 6

sectors (water, education, health, shelter, food and security); • Identify reintegration needs and protection concerns in the assessed villages; • Share information in various forums/formats in order to incorporate the collected baseline data

into reintegration planning; • Build the capacity of the government to collect, monitor and manage baseline data and

reintegration planning.

B. Methodology

The methodology employed to produce the Village Assessments has developed considerably over the project period with IOM. In 2007, Village Assessments were conducted exclusively by IOM field staff, with the results applied restrictively to IOM's own programmes. Assessments conducted in 2008 were conducted on a larger scale (1.500 villages) employing a mix of NGO implementing partners, IOM field staff with some field support from the authorities. In 2009, SSRRC have entered into full partnership for the project.

3 Total Returns to Southern Sudan, Post CPA to June 2008’ report published in October 2008 at http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/shared/shared/mainsite/media/docs/reports/returns_tracking_report.pdf

In 2009 the Village Assessment Programme is administered by SSRRC, with the government commission having responsibility for the selection, administration and supervision of the monitoring staff. The personnel managed by SSRRC in South Sudan consist of 293 Field Enumerators, 46 County Supervisors and 10 State Focal Points. The field enumerators are organized on the basis of payams and they are responsible for the registration of all spontaneous returnees within their respective payams. The Tracking programme covers all 10 states, but is geographically limited for each state to four counties and therein to the 5 payams that indicated the highest level of return. In 2008 the programme has been expanded to 100% coverage in Northern Bar el Ghazal, Warrab, Unity and South Kordofan. In the planning stage, the Southern Sudan Commission for Census, Statistic and Evaluation provided population data that was utilised to design deployment/assessment plans. IOM and SSRRC jointly developed an operational plan based on accessibility of villages and means of transport to reach the areas, such as vehicle, motorbike, barge and foot. IOM provided technical assistance in the form of training, materials and management in the implementation of the assessment. The training has four modules;

• Introduction in the legal framework on Human Rights with focus on the differentiation of migrants (refugees, IDPs, returnees);

• Training on the Sudan specific village assessment questionnaire; • Interview techniques; and • Use of GPS.

IOM trained 82 SSRRC enumerators in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 76 in Warrab and 82 Unity State. The SSRRC assessment teams used the Sudan specific questionnaires developed by IOM to gather information on availability and accessibility of basic infrastructure in areas of high return. The questionnaire is designed for village level assessments and includes information on population and tribal composition of the villages, availability of shelter and food, livelihood opportunities as well as information on water and sanitation, health and education and other issues related to protection and reintegration (see Annexes 12 and 13). The methodology for data collection was developed with SSRRC and is based on a combination of Focus Group Discussions with different social groups (i.e. government representatives, local leader, residents and returnee representatives, women and youths), individual interviews and visual assessment, in which the team members survey the available facilities with key informants and take the GPS coordinates. IOM maintains continuous dialogue and shares the data received with partners, such as UNMIS/RRR, UN agencies and NGOs to control the quality of the information received and to address reintegration problems jointly. Village Assessment forms are processed in the Joint Operation Centres in Khartoum. The data is then consolidated in a centralized IOM database. Verification and quality control are done at the village level, data entry level and at the centralized IOM Khartoum level. Forms with suspected unreliable information are placed on hold and referred to the verification teams in order to revisit the villages concerned.

C. Challenges While IOM continues to do its utmost to verify the numbers of returnees and residents within villages, it should be kept in mind that population figures are based on estimations, as registration by village administrators in the areas assessed are unsystematic and not always available. As such, verification of return and population numbers is currently being conducted through IOM Tracking and Monitoring programme and the final results would be published in each of the State Village Assessment Reports that will be published by the end of June this year. Assessment of all areas in Northern Bahr el Ghazal was hampered by inaccessibility of certain regions due to the aftermath of the flood catastrophe in 2008. In Warrab full assessment of two counties was not possible because of security concerns arising from the tribal conflict between the Agop and Alabek. IOM Sudan plans to complete village assessments in Western Bar Al Ghazal, Central Equatoria and Abyei area by the end of 2009, but a current absence of funds means this may not be possible. Additional donor funding is urgently required to allow IOM to plan and implement village assessments in these states. Information on the availability of basic infrastructure will enable different stakeholders and actors to prioritise areas and sectors of intervention.

D. Assessments results 1. Total villages assessed

Although IOM continues to do its best to verify the numbers of returnees and residents within villages, it should be kept in mind that the population figures are based on estimations reported by the chiefs of communities. As such population figures and returnees’ figures will be published after finalizing the verification exercise through the Tracking and Monitoring Programme and are not available in this report. 98% of the villages assessed in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 82% in Warrab and 46% in Southern Kordofan had received at least some returnees (see table 1 and figure 1 for more details). Table 1: Total villages assessed per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Number of village assessed

Return Villages

% of villages with returnees

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 1,698 98%

Southern Kordofan 1,164 534 46%

Warrab 2,001 1,631 82% Total 4,905 3,863 79%

Figure 1: Return villages in area assessed, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

98%

82%

46%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Northern Bahr El Ghazal Warrab Southern Kordofan

2. Water coverage in assessed areas

2.1 Availability and accessibility of water

Access to water is rated in the majority of the villages as the major concern. Although the majority of the villages are found to have access to improved drinking water4 and other sources of water, it has been consistently found that availability of water and access to improved drinking water is insufficient compared to the population density. The main sources of water in the villages assessed are hand pumps (39%) and unprotected wells (22%) while protected well or “Yith” as it is called locally represents only 9% of the assessed water sources. The use of river as a water source is found in 17% of the villages in Northern Bahr al Ghazal, and 16% of the villages in Warrab (see figure 2 and 3 for more details). Hafeers are particularly common during the rainy season in Southern Kordofan, where in 10% of the villages assessed in this state water is fetched from this type of water source. Lakes and ponds are common as a water source in Northern Bahr el Ghazal during the rainy season, where in 13% of the assessed villages use water from this type of water source. Table 2 below summarizes the type of water sources available in the villages assessed. Table 2: Correlation between villages per state and available water sources, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Improved drinking water Other drinking water


Protected Well (Yith)

Hand pump Tanker Bladder Spring

Un protected

Well River Hafeer Lake/Dam/

Pond

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 288 548 7 1 12 331 312 81 227

Southern Kordofan 1,164 12 759 57 4 5 191 3 116 65

Warrab 2,001 153 586 4 0 75 555 306 91 90

Total 4,905 453 1,893 68 5 92 1,077 621 288 382

Percentage 9% 39% 1% 0% 2% 22% 13% 6% 8%

Figure 2: Correlation between villages per state and available water sources, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Un Protected Well, 22%

Hand pump, 39%

Bladder, 0%

River, 13%

Hafeer, 6%

Lake/Dam/ Pond, 8% Protected Well (Yith), 9%

Tanker, 1%

Spring, 2%

4 Within the scope of this report wells, hand pumps. Water tanker and bladders are defined as improved drinking water. Hafeers have been rated as other water source.

Figure 3: Correlation between villages per state and types of water sources, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

30%

63%

32%

18%16%

30%

0%

16%

1%

8%

13%

5% 5%4%

10%

5%

0%

5%

0%0% 0% 0%1% 0%

4%

17%16%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Northern Bahr El Ghazal Southern Kordofan Warrab

Hand pump Un Protected Well River Protected Well (Yith) Lake/Dam/ Pond Hafeer Tanker Bladder Spring 2.2 Access to improved drinking water in area assessed

The results of the 2009 Village Assessments are now registering the enormous efforts by the government and the international community to improve the coverage of safe drinking water as reflected in the number of protected wells and hand pumps that have been constructed in the areas assessed. While the issue of water remains the primary concern of the villages assessed, hand pumps represent 49% of the total improved water sources. The number of water sources in the villages assessed is summarized in table 3 below. In Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab, the ratio of hand pumps to villages is 1 to 2.3, each hand pump serves 2.3 villages. Table 3: Number of water sources in the area assessed, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Improved drinking water Other drinking water

State Protected Well (Yith)

Hand pump Tanker Bladder Unprotected

Well River Lake/Dam/ Pond Hafeer Spring Total

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 739 879 13 3 772 422 227 134 18 3,207 Southern Kordofan 14 1,824 66 4 648 4 118 137 5 2,820 Warrab 183 726 11 - 891 324 95 92 78 2,400 Total 936 3,429 90 7 2,311 750 440 363 101 8,427 Percentage 11% 41% 1% 0% 27% 9% 5% 4% 1% 100%

On average, 35% of the hand pumps assessed have been found to be not working, despite the fact that many villagers report being charged maintenance fees for the water from hand pumps. The main causes for the failure of the maintenance are provided as lack of spare parts or lack of ‘know how’. As can be seen in figure 4, in Southern Kordofan 44% of the hand pumps assessed are not working which represents 1,455 non-functioning hand pumps.

Figure 4: Correlation between functioning and non-functioning hand pumps, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

79%

56%

79%

21%

44%

21%


% functioning handpump % not functioning handpump

3. Education and school enrolment

3.1 Coverage and type of education

Only 29% of the villages assessed have direct access to education (see figure 5). 1,725 functioning schools were assessed of which 1,435 villages had one or more than one education facility. In general, one functioning educational facility serves 3.4 villages, Warrab state has a bigger educational problem than the other two states since one functioning educational facility serves an average 5.4 villages, see figure 6 for more details. A total of 254 non-functioning schools were detected during the assessment process. The reasons for non-functioning educational facility are provided as lack of funds (35%), lack of teachers (29%), destroyed buildings (22%) and other (14%), as detailed in Figure 7. Figure 5: Percentage of villages with availability of schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Villages with functioning schools

1,43529%

Villages without schools3,47071%

Total assessed villages4,905

Figure 6: Number of villages served by one functioning educational facility, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

2.0

3.6

5.4

- 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Sou

ther

n Ko

rdof

an

Nor

ther

n Ba

hr E

l

Gha

zal

War

rab

Average number of villages served by one functioning educational facility Figure 7: Reasons for non-functioning schools in percentages, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Lack of teachers29%

Lack of funds35%

Other14%

Destroyed22%

At the state level, the percentage of functioning schools in the villages assessed was found to be 50% in Southern Kordofan, 28% in Northern Bahr al Ghazal, and 19% in Warrab, see table 4. This result has to be evaluated in view of the varied type of schools assessed in each state in table 5.

Table 4: Availability of education facilities by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009


Villages with

functioning schools

Villages without schools

% of villages

with functioning

schools

% of villages without

functioning schools

Number of functioning

schools

Number of Non-

functioning schools

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 482 1,258 28% 72% 497 56 Southern Kordofan 1,164 580 584 50% 50% 833 162 Warrab 2,001 373 1,628 19% 81% 395 36

Total 4,905 1,435 3,470 29% 71% 1,725 254 82% of the education facilities assessed offer basic primary education. In total, 1,492 functioning Basic Primary Schools were assessed in the four states. Access to secondary education in rural areas is found to be extremely limited, only 2% of the schools (35 schools) provide secondary education. Four schools give classes for adult education, two located in Southern Kordofan and one each in Northern Bahr al Ghazal and Warrab. See table 5 for more details. In Southern Kordofan, 169 (9%) of 833 schools assessed were Koranic schools. In 63% of the villages with Koranic schools this was the only accessible education. 27% of the villages had also Basic Primary Schools. In Southern Kordofan, the 9% of the schools described as ‘other’ meant in 67% pre-school. Table 5: Typology of education per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Primary Secondary Koranic/ Khalwa Other No

Answer Total

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 486 5 0 3 3 497 Southern Kordofan 550 23 169 71 20 833 Warrab 378 4 0 7 6 395 Total 1,414 32 169 81 29 1,725 Percentage 82% 2% 10% 5% 2% 100%

The catchment area of 71% of the primary schools is 3 villages. For those attending school, 57% of the students have to walk more than 30 minutes to reach their place of education, 17% have to walk between 15 to 30 min and 26% walk for less than 15 min as detailed in figure 8. Repeatedly, the distance to the nearest school was mentioned as the reason for the non enrolment of children. Ratio of secondary to primary school in the 3 states is one secondary school for 44 primary schools (1 to 44) this low ratio is given by a large number of returnees as promoting internal migration and encourages family separation for some returnees.

Figure 8: Average walking distance to access education in percentage, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

31Min to 1 Hour19%

15 to 30 Min17%

Less than 15 Min26%

More than 1 Hour37%

3.2 School enrolment and gender disaggregation

School enrolment and assistance needs were discussed with the respective headmasters of the schools assessed. Enrolment figures are mainly based on registration figures (and thus are not estimated figures). In total, 288,947 boys (70%) and 124,334 girls (31%) were enrolled in school, see figure 9 for more details. The average of students per class is 38. School enrolment of boys and girls differs significantly between Southern Kordofan and Southern Sudan. In Southern Kordofan, 59% of students are male and 41% are female. In Southern Sudan, the percentage of school enrolment of girls is significantly lower. On average, only 30% of the students are female and the ratio of girls to boys’ enrolment is 1 to 2.3 , see figure 9 for more details. Figure 9: Gender disaggregated school enrolment, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

26%

41%

25%

74%

59%

75%


% of Girls % of Boys

3.3 Construction type and equipment of schools

The construction standards of educational buildings have been found to be extremely poor. 59% of the functioning schools are constructed out of local materials such as grass, wood and/or mud. A significant number of the buildings are found to be in need of maintenance, see figure 10 for details. 28% of educational facilities were actually classes held in open spaces, mainly under trees for shade. Only 9% of the schools are permanent structures. Figure 10: Construction materials of schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Thatch/Grass/ Mud59%

Under a Tree28%

Brick9%

Other4%

It was reported that 84% of schools receive no assistance in construction, equipment or supply of school materials, though this average is highly affected by the low levels of support reported in Warrab state. In Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Southern Kordofan support was provided to an average to 20% of schools. In Warrab, only 20% of the schools reported being supported; see figure 11 and table 6 below for more details. Figure 11: Percentage of education assistance provided to supported schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Northern Bahr El Ghazal

19%Southern Kordofan

21%

Warrab11%

Table 6: Type of education assistance provided by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Number of

village assessed

No of villages with Education assistance

Building Furniture Textbooks Training School Feeding Other Total

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 336 107 53 382 219 115 99 975

Southern Kordofan 1,164 248 108 126 102 84 0 50 470

Warrab 2,001 224 53 134 269 97 49 71 673

Total 4,905 808 268 313 753 400 164 220 2,118

Percentage 16% 13% 15% 36% 19% 8% 10% 100%

4. Health sector and HIV/AIDS awareness

4.1 Coverage and accessibility of health facilities

Availability and access to health is found to be a major concern in the areas assessed (see figure 12 for more details). The majority of the rural population relies on traditional medicine and/or use drugs without prescription. 91% of the villages assessed have no healthcare centres/units. Figure 12: Percentages and number of villages with health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

% of villages without functioning Health

facility91%

% of villages with functioning Health

facility9%

Total Assessed Villages

4,905

Only 9% of the villages assessed have functioning health units with a total of 459 functioning health facilities being identified in 443 villages. In Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab, 6% of the villages have functioning health facilities, while in the villages in Southern Kordofan are better off, with 19% of villages with functioning health facilities; see table 7 for more details. In addition, 128 health units are found to be non-functioning, 61% of which are located in Southern Kordofan, 23% in Northern Bahr el Ghazal and 16% in Warrab. 32% of these facilities are not in use because the building has been damaged/ destroyed or in need of maintenance and in 36% of

cases the provision of health service is not possible due to the lack of qualified staff. 16% of the health facilities are closed due to lack of financial support and medicine and 4% were under construction during the assessment visits. Table 7: Availability of health facilities by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Number of

village assessed

Villages with

functioning Health facility

Villages without Health facility

% of villages

with functioning

Health facility

% of villages without


Number of functioning

Health facility

Number of Non-


Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 125 1615 7% 93% 131 29 Southern Kordofan 1,164 218 946 19% 81% 225 78 Warrab 2,001 100 1901 5% 95% 103 21

Total 4,905 443 4,462 9% 91% 459 128 Access to the existing health facilities is classified as being problematic for 73% of the population. Walking distances of more than 60 minutes are reported to the next healthcare unit by 50% of the population, 23% of respondents reported requiring 31 to 60 minutes walking distance to reach the nearest health facility; see figure 13 for more details. Figure 13: Average walking distance to health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Less than 15 min14%

15 to 30 min13%

31 to 60 min23%

More than 1houre50%

4.2 Structure and staffing of healthcare facilities

74% of the health facilities operate in permanent structures, and 26% of the health facilities are based in semi-permanent structures. Financial and material assistance to the healthcare units provided by the state is reported as being highly variable in different states, in Southern Kordofan the state was reported as providing only 18% and in Northern Bahr el Ghazal is 14%of available assistance to healthcare, whereas in Warrab the state is reported as providing 29%. The international community is reported as providing the least support to Western Bahr al Ghazal. The relative contributions of the international community and the state are provided in figure 15 below:

Figure 14: External assistance for health facilities per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

14%

18%

29%

50%

58%

38%36%

24%

33%


Government International Community No external assistance The levels of qualified medical personnel in the 459 healthcare facilities in the area assessed are reported as being very low. Medical doctors represent only 4% of the medical personnel, equivalent to only 41 medical doctors in the area assessed. 28 doctors out of the 41 are working in Northern Bahr al Ghazal. Only 27% of the healthcare facilities have either medical doctors or medical assistants - 33% in Southern Kordofan, 23% in Northern Bahr el Ghazal, and 24% in Warrab. Table 8 and figure 15 shown below indicate the structure of the medical personnel in the areas assessed. Table 8: Health staff in health care facilities assessed per person, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Doctor Medical Assistant Nurse Midwife TBA Community

Health Worker Total

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 28 47 84 41 65 56 321 Southern Kordofan 3 132 104 100 70 0 409 Warrab 10 43 57 31 43 34 218 Total 41 222 245 172 178 90 948 Percentage 4% 23% 26% 18% 19% 9% 100%

Figure 15: Health staff in health care facilities assessed in percentage, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

9%

1%

5%

15%

32%

20%

26%25%

26%

13%

24%

14%

20%

17%

20%

17%

0%

16%


Doctor Medical Ass Nurse Midwife TBA Community Health Worker

During the assessment, representatives of the health sector were asked what kinds of resources were available. In the majority of the facilities, vaccination and medicines are available; however, the drug basket is often limited, see figure 16 for more details. The need for better equipment and beds, was mentioned in almost all healthcare facilities. Figure 16: Lack of supply in health care facilities in percentage, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

74%

78%

70%

63%

80%

66%

45%

49%

42%

40%

70%

30%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

Nor

ther

n Bah

r El

Gha

zal

Sout

hern

Kor

dofa

nW

arra

b

Lack of beds Lack of equipment No Vaccination No Medicine The cost of access to healthcare showed great variation from state to state. In Northern Bahr al Ghazal, 79% of the inhabitants report that medical services are free of charge. In Warrab, 64% reported health services are reported as being free of charge and 29% reported that cost is dependent on the type of service, see figure 17 for more details. In Southern Kordofan, it is reported that 22% of the healthcare facilities charge for services and medicine, though 56% of patients report that they have only to cover the cost of the medicine. This result should be interpreted taking into consideration the overall limited access to healthcare in Southern Sudan mentioned in section 4.1. Figure 17: Cost of access to health care, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

79%

6%

64%

4%

56%

7%

14%

15%

29%

3%

22%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Completely Free Cost of Medicine only Varies depending on Service Full Cost

4.3 HIV/AIDS 63% of communities report having little or no HIV/AIDS awareness, 16% state they had been reached by HIV awareness raising programmes and 21% did not want to answer the question. The awareness level shows significant differences between Southern Kordofan and the South, more details are provided in figure 18. In Southern Kordofan, 53% of the inhabitants report having some awareness of the disease, in Southern Sudan; over 60% have no knowledge about HIV/AIDS. Figure 18: HIV/AIDS awareness in the area assessed, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

13%

53%

5%

65%

20%

77%

22%27%

18%


HIV awareness campaign Never heard about it No Answer

5. Income generation and food resources

5.1 Income generation activities in the area assessed

Agriculture is the primary economic activity in the areas assessed. The majority of the communities are agro-pastoralists who engage in both farming and the rearing of livestock, particularly cattle. Planting is conducted during the rainy season, though some cultivation also occurs during summer. Fishing constitutes a significant source of income in the South, 18% to 26% respondents reported fishing to be among the three main income sources in the village. See figure 19 for more details. ‘Other income sources’ is comprised of mainly low-scale income generation activities such as carving, milling of grains, collection and sale of wild vegetables and firewood, production and sale of charcoal and local furniture. A considerable number of returnees in the villages assessed state that they have no possibility to start farming due to lack of agricultural tools and seeds. This was provided as the main source of low-scale income generation activities.

Figure 19: Main income generation activities per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

36%

51%

38%

33%

35%

39%

26%18%

0%

3%14%

4%1%


Farming Livestock Fishing Salary Other

5.2 Food resources Pre- and post-conflict food resources are reported as being very similar. ‘Own production’ of food is ranked by 50% of the communities as the primary source of food before the conflict. Currently, “own production” is ranked as the main source of food by only 32%; see figure 20 and table 9. Purchase of food is categorized by 20% as major source of food post-conflict, compared to 17% pre-conflict. See Annexes 10 for more information about the pre-conflict food sources. “Own production” is the primary source of food reported by the three states. Southern Kordofan and Northern Bahr el Ghazal depends on “market purchase” as a secondary food source, see table 9 for more details, while in Warrab the population depends more on “wild food” as a secondary food source. Figure 20: Correlation of pre-conflict and current food sources, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

1%

1%

4%

6%

11%

20%

32%

1%

2%

2%

10%

18%

17%

50%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Other

Food Credit

WFP

Relatives

Wild Foods

Market Purchase

Own Production

Pre conflict food sourceCurrent food source

Table 9: Percentage of current sources of food clustered by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Food Credit

Market Purchase

Own Production Relatives WFP Wild

Foods Other

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 0% 26% 40% 14% 9% 10% 0% Southern Kordofan 2% 36% 48% 1% 2% 8% 3% Warrab 0% 19% 38% 7% 7% 28% 2% Average in percentage 1% 20% 32% 6% 4% 11% 1%

5.3 Food assistance

On average 42% of the villages assessed report receiving food assistance, 91% receive three months assistance and 9% four to six months. Reported food assistance to communities varied remarkably by state, in Southern Kordofan 31% of the communities assessed received food assistance (see figure 21), in Northern Bahr al Ghazal 53% reported receiving food assistance, and in Warrab 40%. Figure 21: Food assistance per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Warrab40%

Southern Kordofan31%

Northern Bahr El Ghazal

53%

As main reasons for food shortage are mentioned destroyed crops - either by floods or by pest - (44%), lack of rain (37%) see figure 22, and lack of access to market and financial means (14%). Figure 22: Reasons for food shortage in 2008, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

2%

3%

4%

6%

14%

30%

44%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Looting

No access to market

No access to farmland

No Planting

Lack of financial means/ Noaccess to market

Lack of rain

Crops destroyed

6. Shelter and housing

In 77% of the villages assessed, the construction of new shelters has been observed, see table 10. In the four states in Southern Sudan, 82% to 96% of the villages exhibited evidence of new shelters whilst in Southern Kordofan the figure was only 63%. Table 10: Construction of new shelters in the assessed villages, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Villages Yes

Villages No NA % of shelter

constructed Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,481 227 32 85% Southern Kordofan 741 371 52 64% Warrab 1,537 431 33 77% Total 3,759 1,029 117 77% Percentage 77% 21% 2%

The majority of the new constructions are classified as ‘temporary’ and made out of grass walls (36%) and mud (54%); see figure 23 for more details. In numerous focus group discussions, returnees state that they were not able to construct tukuls because they could not afford the construction materials. In Northern Bahr el Ghazal, 10% of the temporary residences were made of traditional tents and plastic sheets Figure 23: Type of new constructed shelters in area assessed, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

GrassWalls36%

Mud54%

Brick3%Other

1%

Plastic Sheets2%

TradTents4%

.

PART II – MAPS The section of the report presents a collection of thematic maps based predominantly on the data collected through IOM’s Village Assessment Programme. The exceptions to this are Maps 1 and 3 which, to greater or lesser degrees, also rely on data from IOM’s Tracking of Spontaneous Returns Programme. For all the maps below, again with the exception of Map 1, Southern Kordofan, Northern Bahr el Ghazal and Warrab have been assessed in their entirety. Payams which have been left blank in the 2 states in Southern Sudan (Western Bahr El Ghazal and Unity) indicate that insufficient data has been gathered in that payam to make a reliable conclusion in relation to the parameter assessed. 1. Tracking of Spontaneous Returns: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan - Cumulative

January 2006 - March 2009 This map is based on data from IOM’s Tracking of Spontaneous Returns Programme, based on data gathered from January 2006 up to March 2009. This programme gathers data directly from the villages of return, and thus provides actual return numbers. As of March 2009, the geographic coverage of IOM’s Tracking of Spontaneous Returns Programme is around 65% by payam. Areas of the map shown without colour indicate the lack of reporting mechanism, not lack of returnees. By various means, the IOM area of return tracking programme is directed towards the areas of highest return, and thus the coverage of numbers of returnees tracked is held to be above the geographical coverage of 65%. 2. Density of villages assessed – Payam level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009 and shows the density of villages assessed at the payam level. The lightest tone on the map indicates a smaller number of villages assessed in the payam, and darker colours indicate areas where the number of villages assessed is higher. 3. Access to Water in Assessed Villages: Southern Kordofan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map compares the percentage of villages without improved water sources in each payam with the villages with improved water sources. The lightest tone on the map indicates the ratio of improved water sources to the number of villages in the payam is relatively good, and darker colours indicate areas where there are lower numbers of improved water sources per village per payam. As such, the darker the shading the greater the cause for concern. The map also shows the absolute number of villages with improved, or other, water sources for each payam in bar chart form. Improved water sources are taken to be wells, hand-pumps, bladders and tankers. 4. Access to Water in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map compares the percentage of villages without improved water sources in each

payam with the villages with improved water sources. The lightest tone on the map indicates the ratio of improved water sources to the number of villages in the payam is relatively good, and darker colours indicate areas where there are lower numbers of improved water sources per village per payam. As such, the darker the shading the greater the cause for concern. The map also shows the absolute number of villages with improved, or other, water sources for each payam in bar chart form. Improved water sources are taken to be wells, hand-pumps, bladders and tankers. 5. Health Facilities in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan – Payam

Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. The map compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. The lightest tone on the map indicates the ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility in any given payam are relatively good. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. 6. Health Services Availability in Assessed Villages: Southern Kordofan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. The map compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. It also indicates the services which are available in those health facilities. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility in any given payam. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower than to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. The size of the circle is proportional to the number of equipped health facilities. 7. Health Services Availability in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. The map compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. It also indicates the services which are available in those health facilities. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. The size of the circle is proportional to the number of equipped health facilities. 8. Type Of Health Facility Construction in Assessed Villages: Southern Kordofan – Payam

Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. The map shows the type of construction for health facilities in the villages assessed. This map also compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with

those villages with a health facility. The sections within the density circles in each payam indicate the construction materials used, while the size of the circle is proportional to the number of health facilities in the payam. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. 9. Type Of Health Facility Construction in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan – Payam

Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. The map shows the type of construction for health facilities in the villages assessed. This map also compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. The sections within the density circles in each payam indicate the construction materials used, while the size of the circle is proportional to the number of health facilities in the payam. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern.

10. Awareness Level about HIV/AIDS in Assessed Villages: Southern Kordofan – Payam

Level

This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. It shows the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS at the payam level. The size of each density circle indicates the absolute number of villages assessed who replied to the HIV/AIDS question during the village assessment campaign, and the sections within the circles indicate the level of HIV/AIDS awareness found in each payam. This map also compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. 11. Awareness Level about HIV/AIDS in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. It shows the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS at the payam level. The size of each density circle indicates the absolute number of villages assessed who replied to the HIV/AIDS question during the village assessment campaign, and the sections within the circles indicate the level of HIV/AIDS awareness found in each payam. This map also compares the percentage of villages without a health facility in each payam with those villages with a health facility. The lightest tone on the map indicates a relatively good ratio of villages that have a health facility to villages without a health facility. Darker shaded payams indicate areas where the number of health facilities is lower compared to the number of villages. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern.

12. Type Of Education Construction in Assessed Villages: Southern Kordofan – Payam Level

This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the type of construction of schools in the villages assessed. The size of the pie charts show the number of schools per payam, and each slice of the pie is proportional to the type of construction of the school. The shaded areas represent the density of primary schools per payam.

13. Type Of Education Construction in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan – Payam Level

This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the type of construction of schools in the villages assessed. The size of the pie charts show the number of schools per payam, and each slice of the pie is proportional to the type of construction of the school. The shaded areas represent the density of primary school per payam.

14. Numbers of Teachers in Assessed Villages: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan – Payam Level

This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the absolute number of teachers in each payam, at primary school level only. 15. Numbers of Teachers and Enrolled Student Ratios: Southern Kordofan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the relative number of teachers to enrolled students, calculated at the payam level. Payams where student/teacher ratios are 60:1 or less are light shaded, where ratios are higher, darker shading is used. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. The map also shows the absolute number of teachers in each payam with the use of density circles. 16. Numbers of Teachers and Enrolled Student Ratios: Southern Sudan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the relative number of teachers to enrolled students, calculated at the payam level. Payams where student/teacher ratios are 60:1 or less are light shaded, where ratios are higher, darker shading is used. As such, darker shaded payams indicate areas of greater concern. The map also shows the absolute number of teachers in each payam with the use of density circles. 17. Enrolment in Primary Schools by Gender: Southern Kordofan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. Coloured circles on this map show the relative number of boy/girl enrolment in primary

schools at the payam level. Shading is used to indicate the absolute number of primary schools in each payam. 18. Enrolment in Primary Schools by Gender: Southern Sudan – Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. Coloured circles on this map show the relative number of boy/girl enrolment in primary schools at the payam level. Shading is used to indicate the absolute number of primary schools in each payam. 19. Percentage of Villages without Schools: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan – Payam

Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between December 2007 and April 2009. This map shows the percentage of villages without schools, calculated at the payam level. Payams where the ratio of villages with schools to those without is good, is shown in light shading. Where the ratio of villages with or without schools is poor, darker shading is used. 20. Average Walking Time to Nearest School: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan –

Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the average walking time to the nearest school calculated at the payam level. Light shaded payams indicate where walking time to the nearest school is short, darker shades indicate longer average walking times to the nearest school. 21. Average Walking Time to Nearest Health Facility: Southern Sudan & Southern Kordofan

– Payam Level This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the average walking time to nearest health facility calculated at the payam level. Light shaded payams indicate where walking time to the nearest health facility is short, darker shades indicate longer average walking times to the nearest health facility. The following series of maps aim at showing the vulnerability of the village by sector and are based on an estimated average walking speed of 3 km per hour. The calculations and representations are founded on a construct of 3 levels of vulnerability as 1). 3km = acceptable distance; 2). up to 5km = “medium” distance ; 3). up to 10km= critical distance. Above 10 km, all villages should be considered as priority.

22. Access to Education – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Southern Kordofan This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to education facilities in the villages assessed in Southern Kordofan. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with primary schools. The proximity of villages without a facility is estimated according to their distance to the nearest primary school, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 23. Access to Education – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Northern Bahr El

Ghazal This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to education facilities in the villages assessed in Northern Bahr El Ghazal. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with primary schools. The proximity of villages without facility is estimated according to their distance to the nearest primary school, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 24. Access to Education – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Warrab This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to education facilities in the villages assessed in Warrab. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with primary schools. The proximity of villages without facility is estimated according to their distance to the nearest primary school, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 25. Access to Health Facilities – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Southern

Kordofan This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to health facilities in the villages assessed in Southern Kordofan. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with a health facility. The proximity of villages without a facility is estimated according to their distance to the nearest health facility, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 26. Access to Health Facilities – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Northern

Bahr El Ghazal This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to health facilities in the villages assessed in Northern Bahr El Ghazal. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with a health facility. The proximity of villages without a facility is estimated according

to their distance to the nearest health facility, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 27. Access to Health Facilities – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Warrab This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. This map shows the level of access to health facilities in the villages assessed in Warrab. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with a health facility. The proximity of villages without a facility is estimated according to their distance to the nearest health facility, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 28. Access to Water – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Southern Kordofan This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. These maps show the level of access to water in the villages assessed in Southern Kordofan. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with improved water sources. The proximity of villages without improved water sources is estimated according to their distance to the nearest improved water source, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 29. Access to Water – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Northern Bahr El

Ghazal This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. These maps show the level of access to water in the villages assessed in Northern Bahr El Ghazal. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with improved water sources. The proximity of villages without improved water sources is estimated according to their distance to the nearest improved water source, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas. 30. Access to Water – time/distance correlation in Assessed Villages – Warrab This map is based on data from IOM’s Village Assessment Project gathered between June 2008 and April 2009. These maps show the level of access to water in the villages assessed in Warrab. It presents a proximity analysis where distance buffers are applied around the villages with improved water sources. The proximity of villages without improved water sources is estimated according to their distance to the nearest improved water source, ranging between acceptable (3 km) to critical (10 km maximum). Villages located outside these buffers should be considered as high priority areas.

PART III: STATISTICAL TABLES AND FORM SAMPLE

ANNEXES

Annex 1: Correlation between functioning and non-functioning hand pumps , IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009...............................................................................................66 Annex 2: Reasons for non-functioning schools in percentages, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009 ...............................................................................................................................66 Annex 3: Average walking distance to access education in percentage, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009...................................................................................................................66 Annex 4: Gender disaggregated school enrolment, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009....................................................................................................................................................66 Annex 5: Construction Materials of schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009 .67 Annex 6: Percentage of education assistance provided to supported schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009...............................................................................................67 Annex 7: Average walking distance to health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009 ..........................................................................................................................................67 Annex 8: External assistance for health facilities per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009 ..........................................................................................................................................67 Annex 9: Average walking distance to health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009 ..........................................................................................................................................68 Annex 10: Percentage of pre-conflict sources of food clustered by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009...................................................................................................................68 Annex 11: Food assistance per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009..............68 Annex 12: Modified Village Assessment Form, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009............................................................................................................................................................69 Annex 13: GPS Coordinates for village facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009....................................................................................................................................................74

Annex 1: Correlation between functioning and non-functioning hand pumps , IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Hand pump functioning

Hand pump not functioning Total

% functioning hand pump

% not functioning hand pump

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 879 233 1,112 79% 21% Southern Kordofan 1,824 1,455 3,279 56% 44% Warrab 726 193 919 79% 21% Total 3,429 1,881 5,310 Percentage 65% 35%

Annex 2: Reasons for non-functioning schools in percentages, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Destroyed Lack of teachers Lack of funds Other

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 16 27 31 4 Southern Kordofan 31 39 56 28 Warrab 19 20 17 8

Total 66 86 104 40 Percentage 22% 29% 35% 14%

Annex 3: Average walking distance to access education in percentage, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Less than 15 Min 15 to 30 Min 31Min to 1

Hour More than

1 Hour

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 450 277 323 529 Southern Kordofan 70 10 6 14 Warrab 400 324 346 774 Total 920 611 675 1,317 Percentage 26% 17% 19% 37%

Annex 4: Gender disaggregated school enrolment, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Girls % of Girls Boys % of Boys Total Northern Bahr El Ghazal 46,052 26% 129,330 74% 175,382 Southern Kordofan 48,202 41% 69,050 59% 117,252 Warrab 30,080 25% 90,567 75% 120,647 Total 124,334 288,947 413,281 Percentage 30% 70% 100%

Annex 5: Construction Materials of schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Under a Tree Thatch/Grass/ Mud Brick Other

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 247 237 77 16 Southern Kordofan 78 484 23 36 Warrab 119 223 48 7 Total 444 944 148 59 Percentage 28% 59% 9% 4%

Annex 6: Percentage of education assistance provided to supported schools, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009


No of villages with some Education assistance

% of villages with Some Education assistance

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1,740 336 19% Southern Kordofan 1,164 248 21% Warrab 2,001 224 11% Total 4,905 808 16%

Annex 7: Average walking distance to health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Less than 15 min 15 to 30 min 31 to 60 min More than 1houre

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 142 148 301 510 Southern Kordofan 58 121 162 551 Warrab 281 179 310 670 Total 481 448 773 1,731 Percentage 14% 13% 23% 50%

Annex 8: External assistance for health facilities per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Government International Community

No external assistance Total

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 14% 50% 36% 43% Southern Kordofan 18% 58% 24% 50% Warrab 29% 38% 33% 6% Percentage 17% 53% 30% 100%

Annex 9: Average walking distance to health facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Doctor Medical Assistant Nurse Midwife TBA Community

Health Worker

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 9% 15% 26% 13% 20% 17% Southern Kordofan 1% 32% 25% 24% 17% 0% Warrab 5% 20% 26% 14% 20% 16% Percentage 4% 23% 26% 18% 19% 9%

Annex 10: Percentage of pre-conflict sources of food clustered by state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State Food Credit

Market Purchase

Own Production Relatives WFP Wild

Foods Other

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 0% 15% 46% 19% 4% 15% 1% Southern Kordofan 2% 31% 53% 1% 1% 10% 2% Warrab 5% 6% 50% 9% 1% 28% 1% Total 2% 17% 50% 10% 2% 18% 1%

Annex 11: Food assistance per state, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

State No. of village assessed

No. of villages with Food Assistance

% of villages with Food Assistance

Northern Bahr El Ghazal 1740 919 53% Southern Kordofan 1164 357 31% Warrab 2001 805 40% Total 4905 2,081 42%

Annex 12: Modified Village Assessment Form, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Annex 13: GPS Coordinates for village facilities, IOM Village Assessment Report, Sudan April 2009

Village Assessment Report Volume I April 2009...and Risk Mapping Analysis (TRMA). This project is...

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