Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons Worksheet 3A How the Danelaw was … · 2021. 1. 25. · converted to...
Transcript of Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons Worksheet 3A How the Danelaw was … · 2021. 1. 25. · converted to...
Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons Worksheet 3A
Copyright © PlanBee Resources Ltd 2014 www.planbee.com
How the Danelaw was established in England
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Vikings vs Anglo-Saxons Information Sheet
Copyright © PlanBee Resources Ltd 2014 www.planbee.com
How the Danelaw was established in England
In the years following the Viking raid at Lindisfarne on Holy Island in 793,
the Vikings continued to attack, plunder and destroy monasteries
around the coastal areas of the north of England, Scotland and
Ireland. The island of Iona in Scotland was attacked three times. In the
final attack in 806, 68 monks were massacred.
Until 852, the Vikings only ever raided England and sailed away again in their
longboats to Scandinavia. In this year, the Vikings stayed in England for a long
period of time for the first time. They camped on the Isle of Thanet in Kent over the
winter.
The Vikings were starting to think about colonising England. They had already settled in some of the
islands off the coast of Scotland. In 865, the Danish ‘Grand Army’ landed on the east coast of
England, led by King Ivan ‘the Boneless’ and King Halfdan. Over the coming years, there were a
series of attacks further inland in Mercia, East Anglia and Northumberland.
In 869, King Edmund raised an army to defend the East Anglians from the
latest Viking attacks. However, his army was defeated and King Edmund
was killed and decapitated. This prevented him from having a proper
Christian burial. Many years later, his head was reunited with his body
and returned to the royal residence where he was finally buried. The
town was then renamed Bury St Edmund.
After their success in East Anglia, the Vikings next turned their attention to Wessex which was by
then the most powerful of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. In 871, there were a series of battles
between the Vikings and the Wessex army, led by King Ethelred and his brother Alfred. However,
Ethelred became ill and died, passing the crown to his brother as his children were too young to
reign.
A month after he became king, Alfred suffered a humiliating defeat in yet another Viking battle. By
this time, the men were war-weary and many had deserted or gone back to their farms to harvest
the crops. Alfred decided that he would offer the Vikings money on the condition that they would
stay out of Wessex. The Vikings agreed and a ‘Danegeld’ payment was made which kept the
peace for a number of years.
The peace was not to last. In 878, the Vikings once more attacked Wessex but this time, King Alfred
and his army were able to defeat them. Both sides agreed that a peace needed to be reached.
King Alfred offered the Vikings the northeast of England on the condition that they leave the rest of
England to the Anglo-Saxons. The Vikings agreed and King Guthrum, the Viking leader, even
converted to Christianity and was christened by King Alfred to further enhance the peace
between the two sides.
In 886, the Treaty of Wedmore was signed. This
officially granted the Vikings the northeast of
England, now known as the Danelaw, and
leaving the rest of the country to King Alfred. It
was agreed that Alfred would now control
Wessex and English Mercia, being named ‘King of
all England’ and uniting the kingdoms for the first
time. Alfred himself was the first
person to call the Anglo-Saxons
‘Angelcynn’ or ‘English people’.
Northumberland
Mercia
East Anglia
Essex
Kent
Sussex
Wessex
Map of England
793
Danelaw
English Mercia
Wessex
Map of England
886
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