There are a variety of different types of photographers and photography, from amateur to famous and landscape to portrait and all the different ones in between:

Amateur: this is a photographer who has taken up photography as a hobby and doesn’t run for a profit. The quality of the images an amateur produces may not be as good as professionals and the type of photographs they capture may vary.

Commercial: this can be a range of different photography in one category. Photographers are paid for the images they produce, so the money they get is for the image and not for the work they do like editing to achieve the image. Wholesale, retail and professional photography will be in this category including: Advertising photography: images that illustrate or sell a product

or service take place usually in an advertising agency, design film or a department in a business.

Fashion and glamour photography: models can be used as part of advertising photography. Fashion photography shows of clothes and other product for a business like a designer clothing business e.g. Prada. Glamour photography shows off the model and the body (sometimes nude) of the model and is again common in advertising photography and in men’s magazines.

Crime Scene: photography of crime scenes like a robbery or a murder which is usually done in black and white or on an infared camera to capture a certain detail that may help in investigating.

Still life photography: photographing a lifeless object which can be natural or manmade. The category of food and some natural photography can be included in this to advertise.

Food photography: this type of photography is usually used for editorial, packaging or advertising of food, it is similar to still life photography however more skills are involved.

Editorial photography: this shows off a story or idea in a magazine, the magazine usually asks a photographer to capture the image if they need one and involves fashion and glamour photography.

Photojournalism: this may also be seen as editorial photography and these images are accepted to be used for documentation for a news story.

Portrait and wedding photography: these photographs are usually purposely taken to be sold to the person who is requesting the photos to be taken.

Landscape photography: this is a photograph that is taken of a location.

Wildlife photography: this shows the life of animals living in the wild.

Paparazzi: this is similar to photojournalism however the photographer captures open/natural images of athletes, celebrities, politicians and other important and famous people.

Animal/Pet photography: this can show pets and their relationship with humans or their owners.

Large format photography: images taken for posters/billboards etc…

Macro: photographing very small/close up objects blurring the background to make the subject stand out.

Aerial photography: images that can be taken from a plane, helicopter or balloon.

Black and white photography: photography that has no colour however it’s helpful for defining shapes, tones and textures and brings out the shadows and highlights in an image.

Another type of photographer are famous photographers who have managed to work their way up the hierarchy to be known nationally and possibly even internationally. I have researched about a few Photographers:

Doug Allan Doug Allan is a freelance wildlife and documentary photographer who films above and underwater, he uses all film and video formats and he uses two types of equipment; Sony Ex-1 with a wide angle lens and convergent design nanoflash, gates underwater housing for Ex-1R and nanoflash with fathom w/a lens and HD monitor, HDV kit, sachtler and ronford baker tripods, baby, medium and tall legs and 2 filming blinds and Canon 1Ds cameras and

housings. He also has a Canon 5D2, Canon 14mm lens, 17-40mm lens, 24-105mm, 100-400mm stabilized lens, 2 telconverters, digital time lapse, seacam housing and wide angle dome for Canon 1Ds and seascam strobe. Doug has a range of 35mm transparencies that he has captured from a range of places around the world especially strong animals, scenery and life in the north and south polar areas. His stock movie footage conists of a wide variety of humpback and calf material from Tonga and materials from around the Antarctic Penisula; Emperor Penguins at each stage fo their life cycle even underwater, Underwater Belugas from Arctic Canada, nearly every seal from the Arctic and Antarctic underwater and on land, and icebergs and snow. Doug Allan has a variety of skills and qualifications like; Hi Def filming with Sony and Panansonic cameras, SSI Platinum Diver Certification, UK Health and Safety Executive Class 4 Scuba Diver, UK Health and Safety Executive Registered Diving Contractor, BBC Approved Diving Contractor, Blue screen underwater, In date Diving Medical and First Aid Training, Excess of 8000 hours underwater, including more than 500 hours under the ice, Experienced handing small boats and inflatables, climber on snows and ice which includes rope and rescue techniques, Cineflex mount experience, Reasonable French and Spanish and amFull clean UK Driving License. He currently lives in Bristol with his wife Sue who is a wildlife documentary producer who has previously worked in the BBC Natural History Unit; he also has a 15-year-old son from a previous marriage. Doug and Sue set up their own company, Tartan Dragon Ltd in 2003, and they now create their own films, capture stock footage as well as work with the BBC and others.

He was born in Scotland in 1951 and graduated from Stirling University with an honors degree in marine biology in 1973, after finishing his degree he though that science wasn’t what he wanted to be, he decided he wanted to be underwater so spent 3 years after completing his degree in

diving jobs searching and finding freshwater pearls in the Scotland rivers, he commercially dived in Germany and had an involvement in video work and reconstructing canals. Doug took part in marine biological expeditions in the Red Sea with Cambridge University twice then in the summer of 1975 he was involved in the running of the Bouley Bay Underwater Centre, Jersey in the Channel Islands.

In 1976 he visited the Antarctic for the first time to work as a research diver on the British Antarctic Survey station, Signy Island, South Orkneys. He helped scientists carry out underwater investigations from boats in the summer and under the ice in the winter, it was the beginning of the concern of the remaining ice around today. Over the next 10 years up until 1985 Doug and the British Antarctic Survey formed a good relationship, during this period Doug spent 4 winters and 9 summers in the Antarctic, and was awarded the Fuchs Medal and the Polar Medal. 3 of his winter were as a diver at Signy and 1 was at Halley Station at 75A S as the Base Commander, however Halley didn’t need a biologist, Emperor Penguins were around in the winter for Doug Allan, this was hist first opportunity to create a cine film instead of a Kodachrome, some of his still photographs and stock footage were prize winning and are in catalogues of worldwide leading agencies.

The BBC bought the Emperor Penguins recording to use in ‘Bird for All Seasons’, and this was the time when Doug went through a career change, he used his own knowledge of ice diving and close Signy through the winter to produce two films to Survival Anglia in 1987 spending 10 months in the Antarctic making them. Since this time, he often returns to both of the poles receiving a series of high profile award winning films and series for some main worldwide TV networks, he has contributed to ‘The Blue Planet’, ‘Planet Earth’ and ‘Life’, he went on more than 50 filming trips which included an orcas attacking gray whales of California, polar bears attempting to capture belugas in an Arctic Canada frozen whole, eider ducks eating mussels under the Hudson Bay sea ice and a recent time lapse of starfish activity under the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica ice. Doug Allan also enjoys the challenges of filming humans as well as animals, he has made a sound synch shooting documentary for a wide range of programmes which included Discovery assignments and the Andes length, African deserts and upper Mount Everest. Mr Allan has helped a number of radio shows as his audio diary footages in the making of ‘Wildlife Special – Polar Bear’ which became a popular radio programme. As the years went on , Doug as written a number of articles on wildlife and his involvements as well as two childrens books too. Some of Doug Allan’s photographs are below:

Yousuf Karsh Yousuf Karsh was born in 1908 and died in 2002, he is a master of the 20th Century Photography producing portaits of statesmen, artists, musicians, authors, scientist and men and women who has made an achievement, his portfolio of photographs are amazing and unique. Yousuf Karsh is famous for his human portraiture, the reason why I have chosen to research about Yousuf. Yousuf was born in the city of Mardin in Eastern Turkey, he grew up in the Armenian Genocide so he saw his sister die of starvation, himself and his family escaped to Syria when he was 14, at 16, his parents sent him to live with his

uncle who was a photographer in Sherbrooke, Quebec in Canada. Yousuf went to school there and helped out in his uncles studio, his uncle thought that Yousuf possibly could go further in the world of photography so organized Yousuf an apprenticeship with a portrait photographer in 1928, John Garo who lived the US. Yousuf’s had a brother, Malak Karsh who was a photographer too, famous for the photo of the logs downt he river on Canada’s one dollar note. In 1931, Yousuf began working for John Powls who was a photographer in his studio, when he retired, Yousuf took over his studio, his first exhibition one his own was in 1936. Mackenzie King who was the current Canadian Prime Minister at the time noticed Yousuf, he introduced and arranged visits to celebrities for portraiture, celebrities were fascinated in Karsh’s work, Karsh managed to photograph Winston Churchill on 30th December 1941 which is one of his most historical moments. Yousuf was the first Canadian to make the list in the International Who’s Who in the year 2000 in the top 100 most memorable people the century.

When Karsh first began photographing, he showed various experimentation and improvisation using artificial light and developed technically and creatively. Throughout his photography career he participated in assignments, many shoots, produced more tan 150,000 negative images and showed the men and women of the 20th century. He received many awards and honour degrees; he reached the top 100 in the International Who’s Who in 1999, he got the Jerusalem Prize for Arts and Letters in 1997 from Bezalel Academy, he was presented to the Combined House of the Canadian Parliament by the speaker of the House of Commons in 1995, he received the Gold Medal of Merit from the USA’s National Society of Arts and Letters in 1991, Companion of the Order of Canada in 1990, Master of Photography Award from the International Centre of Photography in New York in 1990, Medal of Merit from New Yorks Lotos Club in 1989, , Gold Medal of the Americas Society for furthering Canadian-American understanding in 1989, he achieved the Creative Edge Award by the New York University and TIME Inc in 1989, Doctor of Human Letters from Yeshiva University in New York and the Doctor of Fine Arts

from Syracuse University in 1986. Karsh’s famous photograph is the Winston Churchill photograph, he was an expert at studio lighting, he captured images of famous and historical people from his generation. Yousuf Karsh had a flair for photographing the spirit of the subject in a portrait.

The exhibitions for Karsh’s images have all interested passionate audiences globally. His work is shown in the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Museum of Modern Art in the city of New York, Philadelphia Art Museum, Art Institute of Chicago, National Gallery of Canada and National Portrait Gallery in London as well as other top museums.

Sally Anne Thompson

Sally is known to be a true discoverer or art as she has put together highly developed photography skills with an amazing ability to get the best out of her subjects so that she can create unique, outstanding, and elegant images of animals. Her career conists of over 50 years, developing her skills to achieve the highest standard every time, photographing the spirit of every animal she photographs, her work will

inspire us now and in the future.

Sally Anne Thompson was born into a photography business as her dad, John de Forest Thompson was head of Scaioni’s Studio, a fashion photography studio located in Marylebone in London which was known for it’s advanced and high quality photoshoots. Sally refused to finish school and instead got her dad to educate her in photography, allowing her to possibly follow her fathers footsteps. She participated in an apprenticeship in photography beginning in the darkroom meaning she was able to be a fashion photographer and work in her fathers studio, however she wasn’t interested in this type of photography, she preferred photographing dogs, cars and horses which was known to be a waste of time and lacking in talent, Sally carried out photographing dogs, horses, cats and other animals in her spare time which allowed her to develop her photography skills as well as developing a special way to photograph animals so she could capture them at their best.

Sally was able to make a career out of her passion of photography when French publisher of Editions Larousse asked Scaioni’s Studio to provide them with photographs of English dogs, Sally was very enthusiastic about helping out with the job and began capturing subjects like Windswift Salukis, the owner, Vera Watkins adored Thompsons images and advised

her that she could be a dog photographer which Sally listened to and gained a reputation fast producing a high quality and finish to her images. In 1962, the chairman of The Kennel Club, Colonel Sir Richard Glyn was in the process of Champion Dogs of the World which was an illustrated book on different breeds of dogs. The publishers of the book came to Sally to travel around Europe and America photographing top breeds of dogs that Sir Richard Glyn chose. This book very good reviews breaking record sales of a dog book at Crufts, this meant that 2 more books were published with Sally photographing the illustrations; The World’s Finest Horses and Ponies and Champion Cats of the World.

Sally Anne Thompson produced ensured each image was perfect during her photography training with her knowledge of breeds of dogs and her special gift for capturing the best of her subjects. She produced the first book in 1989 called Photographing Dogs, where she told her secrets of her techniques she uses to capture the photos of dogs; she explained how to start a relationship between the photographer and the subject, how to position it, the problems of different backgrounds and perspectives, she gave tips on lighting, film, exposure and darkroom techniques. Her book, photographing dogs, as inspired a lot of people and there is a demand of the copy of the book. Sally’s photographs have been used globally in publications, calendars, books and advertising and they are all respected and appreciated.

Today, Sally is still an active animal photographer, she now works with her husband Ron who is also a photographer, with highly developed skills in handling animals. She has previously been president of the Norfolk Terrier Clu, Great Britain and she was a co-editor of the club’s website and in rescuing greyhounds. Herself and her husband now live on the Isle of Wight owning two greyhounds that they have rescued and their highly loved Norfolk Terrier they have named Kevin.Some of her images are below:

For my extended project qualification I have chosen to either to Human Portrait Photography or Animal Portrait Photography so here’s a brief description of each one:

Human Portrait Photography: these photographs are often taken on purpose to be given or sold to the person/subject of the images being taken. Human Portraiture is used in studios and to capture weddings, special events, graduations or family memories, and Human Portrait Photography allows the photographer to capture the feelings and facial expressions of a human at a specific moment, this can be confused, happy, excited, sad, crying, looking interested etc… a human portrait can be for commercial portraiture or a promotional portraiture, a book cover of an image of the author will

be taken in a studio where light can be controlled easily. People Photography is shots of people in their comfortable environment or groups of people, street photographers could capture an image of someone walking past a window where you can see their reflection, or they would capture the image in an interesting scenery/setting, a bust street will give and ‘buzz’ to the image. This is a popular type of photography that photographers choose to do. This type of photography is usually taken as portrait with the camera being held vertically this was purely because this angle evenly fitted in hair and the neckline of the subject, however over the years the positioning of the camera has changed and now the portraits can be horizontally or even on an angle. Now some photographers tend to cut off a little bit of the chin, ears or the hair and doesn’t really matter too much and it’s very useful if there’s a busy background and can improve the image in some ways making the photograph more interesting to look at. The horizontal image allows he photographer to catch someone when they’re least expecting it creating a ‘natural’ photo. When taking a portrait shot he background can often ruin it, it’s important to either have nothing in the background which is usual for a studio photo shoot which usually have a white or black backdrop/background. A natural/outdoors shot is best to be taken in an area where the subject represents or if the background reflects the theme or point you are trying to make. If you are aiming for a shot that is natural but pretty then go for a countryside background as this is a natural set that doesn’t really cost anything. Also having a subject like children playing in the park or with toys in an empty green/forest area or even in a studio can be very effective as it catches them when they are having fun creating a happy and natural image. An image where the background is the sky can create an effective image too, it allows for more natural light meaning less editing and perfect if it’s taken on a sunny/bright day. However this type of shot, it’s important that much subject isn’t looking straight at the camera, you should get them to look straight or on an angle in the distance so the image is successful. Using a camera flash can create various shadows and highlights making the lighting interesting in an image. Using light that’s coming from an angle can contrast the light and shade bringing out the subjects face in dark shadows and bright lights. Harsh lighting doesn’t always work for a female image because we think of female photographs to be more soft and subtle where as a male photograph may show more strength and drama occurring in the image. A Femme Fatale-style will require the harsh lighting to produce an exciting and interesting image. Dark/black areas in portrait images can show off the shape of the light areas in the image structuring the whole image and balancing the image out between the light and dark which composes the photograph. Black and white photography is very popular still as it shows different lights and shadows without even editing. Yousaf Karsh produces classic black and white images, and black and white photography is still used for commercial photography which defines the shadows of an image. The advantage of black and white is that you can shoot a photo in colour and change the colour to black and white in post-editing of the image, however if the photographer wishes they can shoot in mono mode on the camera which shoots in black and white

which older photographers never had the chance to do. If you are capturing an image where you want to create a natural effect so you need to capture someone off guard the best camera setting would be a wide aperture, fast shutter speed and a low ISO number, for example f/2.8 aperture which will bring out the subject from the background, or f/8 if you wish to have all of the image including the background viewable and focus the image better. A high ISO number will need to be used in a darker environment to make it lighter. If the subject is standing still then a slow shutter speed will do which will allow for low ISO number. Portraits that you are able to take time over that require someone to pose you are able to spend more time adjusting the lighting to create a well composed image. Lenses ideal for portrait photography are: prime lenses which have a fixed focal length and usually produce a high quality image, creating a sharp photo, the aperture can be opened very wide too, examples of prime lenses are; 50mm which have a medium focal length, 85mm produce a closer view of the subject and a popular for portraiture. Zoom lenses have a focal length that can be varied and wider apertures but produce almost the same high quality image like Prime lenses.

Animal Portrait Photography: this can involve animal/pet photography which can portray the relationship between an animal/pet and a human which can be their owner or it can be farm animals or even zoo animals etc… or wildlife photography can come into this which portrays the life of animals living in the wild like a bird, fox, swan, duck, insect, butterfly etc… this type of photography is the hardest form of photography with a few photographers making a career out of it like John Daniels who is a well known photographer with some of his images published in books, magazines, on posters, advertising, calendars, post cards and greeting cards. He specializes in animals in action photography and in their natural environment. Wildlife, Animal and Pet Photography involves a photographer with patience, determination and skills. When photographer animals it’s important to know the subject, the behavior of the subject and the environment. The crucial point is to know roughly what their movements are to allow you to set the camera correctly to enable you to produce a good, decent image, this photography is a good way to put long lens and zooming skills into practice. I have found a chart below which will help to capture an image of an animal in the wildlife or a pet: