Your test will be __________________ and consists of 11 MC, 6 practicum questions and 2 BCRS. This study guide is due _______________________ and will count as a grade.

CHROMATOGRAPHY:1. Chromatography is a lab technique used to separate Molecules

Paper chromatography2. Paper chromatography uses a mobile phase water or alcohol and a

stationary phase paper .

3. Paper chromatography is used to separate dyes/pigments. In paper

chromatography, inks separate according to their size and

___ solubility ___

4. In the diagram to the right:

a. Which ink color is most soluble? blue

b. Which ink color is least soluble? black

5. We used paper chromatography in the forensics unit to:determine which factory in Sligo Town processed the salad contaminated

with Salmonella .

Name: _____________________

black

pink

blue

Gel Electrophoresis: 6. The process of gel electrophoresis is used to separates molecules by their

size and charge

7. Electrophoresis is a process that uses electricity to pull

molecules from one place to another.

8. Smaller molecules will move further from the wells.

9. Larger molecules will move very little away from the wells.

10. Negatively charged molecules will move towards the positive (red)

electrode.

11. Positively charged molecules will move toward the negative (black)

electrode.

12. We used gel electrophoresis chromatography in the forensics unit to:

verify our results from the paper chromatography lab to determine

which factory processed the salad contaminated with Salmonella .

(-) electrode

(+) electrode

A

BC

DE

wells

13. Look at the chromatography results to the right. a. Which molecule/s (letters) were negatively charged?

B, C, D, E b. Which molecules (letters) were positively charged? A

14. Which laboratory process revealed the DNA results below? DNA Fingerprinting

15. Which number to the left shows the largest piece(s) of DNA molecule(s)?

Molecules 1

16. How do you know?

Molecules 1 have not moved that far from the starting point and larger molecules take more time to travel through the gel.

1

1

3

-

2

17. What is the polarity (charge) of the molecules?All of the molecules have a negative charge.

18. How do you know?All the molecules have a negative charge because they are moving towards the positive electrode and in electrophoresis, oppositely charged molecules attract.

19. What should you do to check the validity (accuracy) of your lab results?In order to verify your results you should always redo the test or experiment.

DNA Fingerprinting (Gel Electrophoresis)

20. __DNA Fingerprinting is the unique banded pattern that results from gel electrophoresis with DNA samples.

1 2 3 4 5 6

21. In the DNA fingerprint result to the left, which two wells have matching DNA samples? Wells 2 and 4 .

22. We used DNA fingerprinting in the forensics unit to:

+

determine which farm’s DNA sample matched the DNA sample from the

contaminated salad package to determine which farm produced the contaminated

salad green .

Urinalysis

23. The kidneys function to filter out toxins and excess water to create the waste product known as urine.

24. Normal urine should test between 4.6 and 8.0 on the pH scale. Identify as acid/base/neutral:

8.0 Base

7.0 Neutral

4.6 Acid

25. Protein in the urine makes it turn cloudy and can indicate what kind of health

problems for the person? Protein in the urine usually indicates kidney failure.

26. Glucose in the urine is tested using Benedicts solution and turns brick red

color and can indicate what kind of health problems for the person? Diabetes

Use the following table to answer question 27.

Campylobacter jejuni

S.aureus

V. parahaemol

yticusSypmtoms

Nausea X X xVomiting X X x

Fever XDiarrhea X X x

Chills xCramps x x x

Bacteria in Stool x x

27. Which bacteria would cause nausea, vomiting, fever and diarrhea?Campylobacter jejuni

28. How is the muscular system involved with the symptoms of chills and cramps?

The muscular system is triggered when the body tries to increase the body’s temperature (chills) and move food through the digestive system quickly (cramps).

Microarray LAB TECHNIQUE

Red blood cells carry oxygen and Neurons transmit messages carbon dioxide around the body. throughout the body.

29. Different types of cells (like red blood cells and neurons) look different and

carry out different functions because different genes are expressed or turned on in

different cells.

red blood cells

neuron

30. DNA is made up of the four nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Thymine (T),

Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

31. mRNA is made up of the four nitrogen bases Adenine (A), Uracil (U),

Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C)

31. What would the complementary mRNA sequence be for the DNA sequence shown below: UUACCG

AATGGC

DNA sequence

-+

control slide from microarray lab

32. The purpose of a positive control is to show what a positive results should look like to use as a comparison.

33. The purpose of a negative control is to show what a negative result should look like to use as a comparison.

34. We used the microarray lab technique in the forensics unit to:determine which ingredient in the contaminated salad tested positive for the

expression of the Salmonella gene which indicates the green has come in contact

with salmonella .

BACTERIA STREAKING

35. Bacteria are uni-celled organisms that reproduce

asexually .

36. This type of reproduction results in bacteria that is an

exact copy of the bacteria it was produced from.

37. Salmonella bacteria is commonly found in eggs, poultry, fruits,

vegetables, and reptile skin.

bacteria streaking

38. We used bacteria streaking in the forensics unit to: determine which

animal farm is responsible for contaminating the spinach farm with animal

waste containing salmonella transferred by runoff.

Use the following diagram to answer questions 40 and 41.

40. How does the animal waste from the pig farm effect the lettuce farm?

The runoff from the pig farm runs to the pond which is used to water the lettuce farm.

41. How does the fence affect the runoff from the cattle farm? The cattle farm is surrounded by a fence and remote warning system that warns when animal waste is added to runoff and may contaminate surrounding farms .

Black Electrode (-)

Red Electrode (+)

Performance Assessment

1)How would you test the pH of a liquid? You would test the pH of a liquid using either pH paper or a SPARKS probe. With a SPARKS probe you would place the probe into the sample and wait for the digital readout to stop changing .

2)Describe a urine sample that contains protein. A urine sample that contains protein would have a cloudy appearance .

3)You have just completed an investigation to check for the presence of glucose in a urine sample. What would a positive result look like? A sample that contains glucose would turn brick red when heated in the presence of Benedict’s solution .

4)Look at the picture below. Which PATTERN contains negatively charged molecules? The pattern that contains negatively charged

molecules are the stripped ones because they are traveling towards the positive electrode .

5) Using the follow results, explain why we include a positive control. In any experiment a positive and negative control are used as a visual representation of what a positive result will look like and to be used as comparison against the unknown sample .

6) Using the following DNA fingerprint, identify which deer has a common ancestor. Well 3 contains a deer DNA sample that has the same pattern as the common ancestor .

BCR #2: Salmonella Salami

Salami (also spelled “salame”) is a type of dried meat made of sausage, wheat, salt, cornstarch, and several spices, including black pepper. Recently, an outbreak of food poisoning caused by bacteria called Salmonella was traced to contaminated salami.

After figuring out the brand of salami that was contaminated, how would you go about identifying the specific ingredient(s) that carried the bacteria?

Consider the following in your answer : The process used to identify the contaminated ingredient(s) How the process would identify the contaminated ingredient(s) The next steps to be done after identifying the contaminated ingredient(s)

Use this graphic organizer to help you formulate your response to BCR prompt 2:

BCR #2: Salmonella Salami

Salami (also spelled “salame”) is a type of dried meat made of sausage, wheat, salt, cornstarch, and several spices, including black pepper. Recently, an outbreak of food poisoning caused by bacteria called Salmonella was traced to contaminated salami. After figuring out the brand of salami that was contaminated, how would you go about identifying the specific ingredient(s) that carried the bacteria?

Topic Sentence:

Evidence piece 1: The process used to identify the contaminated ingredient(s)

Evidence piece 2: How the process would identify the contaminated ingredient(s)

Evidence piece 3: The next steps to be done after identifying the contaminated ingredient(s)

Concluding Sentence: