Earth and Space Science Semester 1 Review

Unit 1: Intro to Science

1. Create a venn diagram using the phrases in the box regarding science and pseudoscience.

2. What is the difference between hypothesis and theory when it comes to science?

3. What is AU and how do we use it when we are measuring space?

4. What is ly and how do we use it when we are measuring space?

Unit 2: Observing the Universe (Energy and matter)

5. How do the states of matter change when you increase the energy/temperature (kinetic theory of matter)? Hint: explain how ice turns into water vapor

6. Define the four fundamental forces. You can use examples if needed

7. What is the difference between Newtonian and Einesteinian theories of gravity?

8. List the seven types of radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum from shortest wave to longest wave.

9. List the elements that are found in star A and star B.

Unit 3: Big Bang

10. What is redshifting?11. What is blueshifting?12. Using the Redshift/Blueshift

Practice image on p. 2:a. Which astronomical body

is red shifted? How do you know?

b. Which astronomical is blue shifted? How do you know?

c. Which astronomical body is traveling the fastest?d. Which is traveling

the slowest?13. Put these 5 events in the

proper sequence regarding the creation of the universe

Uses clear definitions Hostile to criticism

Uses jargon to confuse Not peer reviewed

Changes with new evidence

Considers all evidence/arguments

First galaxies and stars formed Formation of solar system

No particles existed because it was too hot

Protons/neutrons form H/He

Death of stars/galaxies form heavier elements

14. One piece of evidence for the Big Bang is the hydrogen and helium ratios. In five (5) billion years, predict how the hydrogen and helium ratios will change (increase, decrease, stay the same?)

15. How was cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) formed?

16. What 3 pieces of evidence do we have that the big bang occurred?

17. Give at least 2 theories of how the universe will end?

Unit 4: Stars and Galaxies

18. How are galaxies classified?19. What process gives stars’ their energy?20. Explain the nuclear fusion process.21. Over the next few billion years, what will

happen to the amounts of H and He in the Sun?

22. List (in order) the lifecycle of a main sequence star (average). Start with stellar nebula.

23. List (in order) the lifecycle of a massive star. (Start with stellar nebula)

24. What is the difference between a red giant and a blue supergiant (use luminosity and

surface temp)25. Draw the blank HR Diagram in your notebook.

a. Using the “phrase box” put the phrases where they belong on the graph

Unit 5: Planetary Science26. Which of the following statements supports

the nebula theory (write all that apply):a. 98% of the solar systems mass is in the moonsb. The planets revolve around the Sun in the same directionc. More dense objects orbit closer to the Sun than less dense objects

White dwarf Giants Super Giants

Main Sequence High Mass Low Mass

High luminosity Low Luminosity

High Temp Low Temp

27. What are the three rules planets have to follow in order to be considered a planet?28. Which rule does Pluto not follow?

29. The diagram to the left is Kepler’s 2nd law. What is this diagram trying to show you (what is Kepler’s 2nd law)?

30. Draw a diagram showing how mass and distance effect the force of gravity.

31. How do scientist discover exoplanets?

Unit 6: Earth-Sun-Moon32. Draw a diagram showing how the Earth-Sun-Moon

align to create each of the 8 moon phases.33. Explain how the Earth-Sun-Moon align to create a

lunar eclipse34. Explain how the Earth-Sun-Moon align to create

a solar eclipse.35. Draw and label a diagram showing the position

of Earth for each season.36. Which diagram below has the greatest solar

intensity?37. How does the angle of insolation relate to

seasons?

Unit 7: Meteorology

38. Give an example of all three types of heat transfer.

39.

Using the graph, at what time is the relative humidity at its highest?40. At what time is the relative humidity at its lowest?

41. Using the map below, letter A is in the middle of what type of pressure system?42. Letter B is in the middle of what type of pressure system?43. Is letter C experiencing high or low winds?

a. How do you know?44. Is letter D experiencing high or low winds?

a. How do you know?45. Forecast the weather for Phoenix.46. Forecast the weather for letter X.