· Web viewCOURSE CODE: SFM 301 (S) Course Title: FOREST EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATION. FULL MARKS:...

COURSE CODE: SFM 301 (S)COURSE TITLE: FOREST EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATIONFULL MARKS: 50 Theory: 50GENERAL OBJECTIVE: On completion of this course, the students will be able to

work confidently in rural development activities.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand concepts and principles of forestry extension.2. Communicate and work with rural communities.3. Design and evaluate specific programs for the rural setting.4. Conduct a meeting in a community.5. Plan and produce simple extension materials.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO EXTENSION EDUCATION (6)1.1 Definition, concept of extension education1.2 Importance of extension education1.3 The basic principles and objectives of extension education

UNIT 2 COMMUNICATION (6)2.1 Basic concept and principles2.2 Types of communications2.3 One way communication2.4 Two way communication2.5 Barriers of communication2.6 Solutions to communication barriers

UNIT 3 MOTIVATION (6)3.1 Definition and concept of motivation3.2 Maslow's hierarchy of human needs3.3 Theories of motivation

3.3.1McGregor's theory of X and Y3.3.2Contingency theory (Z)3.3.3Hygiene maintenance theory of Herzberg

3.4 Role and qualities of extension workers

UNIT 4 EXTENSION TEACHING METHODS (6)4.1 Individual methods4.2 Group methods4.3 Mass methods

UNIT 5 TEACHING AIDS (6)5.1 Definition and importance of teaching aids5.2 Types of teaching aids:5.3 Audio5.4 Visual5.5 Audio-visual5.6 Written and printed materials5.7 Evaluation of teaching aids

B.Sc. Course 2008 Modified Final 1

UNIT 6 EXTENSION PROGRAM PLANNING (8)6.1 Introduction to extension planning6.2 Extension planning process6.3 Situation analysis6.4 Developing questionnaires6.5 Conducting interviews and surveys6.6 Work plan / calendar of operation6.7 Implementation of plan6.8 Monitoring and evaluation6.9 Review and formation of another plan

UNIT 7 MONITORING AND EVALUATION7.1 Objective and types of evaluation7.2 Criteria for evaluation

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Gerlach, Vernon S. and Donald P. Ely. 1980. Teaching and Media. Englewood cliffs, N.J., Prentice Hall

2. Jamias, J.F. (ed). 1975. Readings in Development Communication, UP Los Banos; Department of Development Communications.

3. Ortigas, Carmela D. 1990. Long Process and Inductive Method, March, Atenev de Manila University Press.

4. Plopino R., Martinez V. and Valbera J. 1987. An Introduction to Extension Delivery Systems. Manila; Cachs Publishing House.

5. Quebral, N.C. and E.D. Gomez, 1977. Development Communications Process, UP Los Banos; Department of Development Communications.

6. Schramm, W. Process and Effects of Communication.7. Wayne, P. et.al., 1979. Techniques for Effective Communicatuion Reading,

Mass; Addison-Wesley.8. Shrestha R. Handbook of Forest Extension and Communication.


Course Code: BSH 302 (SF)Course Title: ENGLISH FOR FORESTRYFull Marks: 75

General Objective: To equip students with knowledge and skills of communication by providing them access to the world of scholarship through intensive and extensive reading materials and by introducing them to various modes of writing through a mini rhetoric.

Specific Objectives:

1. To expose the students to a variety of subjects written in English to give them examples of English in context, and to give them opportunities to read and use English for education and communication.

2. To give the students enough materials of common interest and of interdisciplinary nature so that they will be exposed to the world of knowledge and scholarship

3. To teach the students new language items and reading and writing skills. 4. To develop writing skills in the students.5. To prepare the students to pursue their regular courses in English6. To develop in the students a take-off level of proficiency in reading and

writing.

UNIT 1 INTENSIVE READING (Adventures in English)1.1 Piano1.2 Yudhisthir's Wisdom1.3 Phaedo1.4 Library Card1.5 Why go to University1.6 A fight between lion and crocodile1.7 Shep's Hobby1.8 Marriage is a private affair1.9 How sane are we?1.10 Mr. Know all1.11 The lady with the dog1.12 Stopping by woods on an snowing evening

UNIT 2 EXTENSIVE READING (Joys of Reading)2.1 Essays

2.1.1 T.H. Huxley. "We are all Scientists"2.1.2 Moorehead. "A Most Forgiving Ape"2.1.3 V. Wolf. "Death of the Moth"

2.2 Short Stories2.2.1 E. Costworth. "The Buddha"2.2.2 R. Dahl. "Hitch-Hiker"2.2.3 Oscar Wilde. "The Selfish Giant"

2.3 Poems2.3.1 Roethke. "My Papa's Waltz"2.3.2 Housman. "Eight O'clock"2.3.3 L. Hughes. "Ballad of the Landlord"


2.4 One Act Play2.4.1 R.N. Tagore. "Chandalika"

UNIT 3 PATTERS OF COLLEGE WRITING

THE WRITING PROCESS: INVENTION, ARRANGEMENT, DRAFTING AND REVISION

3.1 Narration3.1.1 Sandra Sisneros, Only Daughter

3.2 Description3.2.1 Mark Twain, Reading the River

3.3 Exemplification3.3.1 Richard Lederer, English is a Crazy Language

3.4 Process3.4.1 Alexander Petrunkevitch, The Spider and the Wasp

3.5 Cause and Effect3.5.1 Marie Winn, Television: the Plug-In Drug

3.6 Comparison and Contrast3.6.1 Deborah Tannen, Sex Lies and Conversation

3.7 Classification and Division3.7.1 Allen Pace Nilsen, Sexism in English: A 1990s Update

3.8 Definition3.8.1 Judy Brady, I want a Wife

3.9 Argumentation3.9.1 Debate Casebook Multicultural Education

3.10 Cobining the Patterns3.10.1 Lars Eighner, On Dumpster Driving

3.11 Using and Documenting Sources3.11.1 Paraphrasing, Summarising, and Using Quatations, Avoiding

Plagiarism, Using APA Style to Cite and Document Sources.

UNIT 4 ENGLISH USAGE 4.1 Sentences

4.1.1 Identification of sentences, their types and transformation4.2 Agreement

4.2.1 Subject Verb Agreement4.2.2 Pronoun Agreement

4.3 Writing Effective Sentences4.4 Sentences That Send Unclear Messages


1. Adventure in English.2. Joys of Reading3. Kirszner, G Laurie & Stephen R. Mandell. Patterns of College Writing: A

Rhetorical Reader and Guide, 7th ed. New York, St. Martin's Press.


Course Code: FPE 303 (S)Course Title: SURVEY AND ENGINEERINGFull Marks: 75 Theory: 50 Practical: 25

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: After the completion of this course the student will be able to prepare and interpret different types of maps and plans correctly. In addition they will be able to prepare drawing and estimate of simple engineering structures.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the student will be:

1. Record filed data systematically in standard form2. Prepare various maps and plan by chain , compass and plane table surveying3. Understand terminology, methods and operation of surveying instrument

(chain, compass, plane table, leveling)4. Understand the principle and process of cost estimation5. Understand the different parts of building, roads and conservation structures.

PART - AUNIT 1 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS (4)

1.1 Definition, scope and objectives of forest survey, classification of survey.1.2 Measurements: Linear, Angular and units of measurement.1.3 Scale - Representative Fraction, Graphical scale, shrunk scale (with numerical

examples).1.4 Work of a surveyor - fieldwork, office work, care of instruments

UNIT 2 CHAIN SURVEY (5)2.1 Different methods for linear measurement, instruments for chaining2.2 Different types of chains/tapes2.3 Ranging - direct, indirect, chaining/taping on sloping ground2.4 Chain surveying: survey station, survey line, locating the ground features with

the help of offsets.2.5 Chain surveying, fieldwork & office work

UNIT 3 COMPASS SURVEY (6)3.1 Definition: Meridian - true, magnetic , arbitrary; Bearing - true, magnetic,

arbitrary; Magnetic declination, and Traverse 3.2 System of bearing - whole circle bearing, reduced bearing, fore bearing, and

back bearing, conversion from one system to another. Angles from the bearing and vice versa.

3.3 Types of compass (prismatic, surveyor and sylva compass). Local attraction with numerical problems

3.4 Plotting of compass survey (Parallel meridian method in detail).UNIT 4 PLANE TABLE SURVEY (4)

4.1 Definition, general accessories of P.T., operations of P.T.4.2 Orientation - by compass, by back sighting4.3 Methods of plane tabling - Radiation, Intersection, and Traversing.4.4 Advantages & Disadvantages of plane table surveying.4.5 Errors in P. T. surveying

UNIT 5 LEVELLING (4)5.1. Definitions, terms related to spirit leveling, instruments for leveling


5.2 Simple leveling (HI method).

UNIT 6 CONTOURING (3)6.1 Basic definitions6.2 Characteristics of contour lines

PRACTICAL (Note: 1 practical class of 2 hrs)1. Linear measurement & chain surveying = 4 x 2 = 4 hrs.2. Compass surveying = 2 x 2 = 6 hrs.3. Plane Tabling = 2 x 2 = 4 hrs.4. Leveling = 3 x 2 = 6 hrs.

-------------------- Total = 20 hrs.

PART - BUNIT 1 FOREST ROAD, TRAILS AND DRAINAGE

CONSTRUCTION (8)1.1 Definition of forest roads and its purpose1.2 Road Standards:

1.2.1 Requirements of a good forest road1.2.2 Road structures (cross section of road)1.2.3 Road alignment (plain and hill)1.2.4 Gradient vs. super elevation1.2.5 Extra-widening of road1.2.6 Sight distance

1.3 Types of Forest Roads (Earthen, Graveled, WB Macadam road, Black top road, Bridal path, Inspection path).

1.4 Road Drainage

UNIT 2 FOREST BRIDGES AND CULVERTS (5)2.1 Bridge, Types of Bridges used in Forest Roads (temporary, suspension,

wooden beam and girder, wooden cantilever bridge)2.2 Culvert, Types of Culverts and Causeways used in Forest Roads

UNIT 3 MASONRY STRUCTURES (DEFINITIONS TYPES & SKETCH) (4)

3.1 Stone Masonry and its types3.2 Mortar and its types3.3 Definitions: PCC, RCC, Pointing, Plastering, Scaffolding, Shuttering3.4 Check dam and its types 3.5 Retaining / Breast wall and their types3.6 Embankment

UNIT 4 COST ESTIMATION AND RATE ANALYSIS OF MASONRY STRUCTURES (8)

4.1 Check dam4.2 Retaining / Breast wall4.3 Embankment4.4 Road side drainage

PRACTICAL (Note: 1 practical class of 2 hrs)


1. Road alignment = 3 x 2 = 6 hrs.2. Cost estimation and rate analysis of masonry structures = 5 x 2 = 10 hrs.

-------------------- Total = 16 hrs.


1. Surveying – Dr. B.C. Punmia Vol. 12. Forest Surveying – Ram Prakash3. Surveying and Leveling – T.P. Kanetkar Vol., I4. Forest Engineering without tears – N.J. Masani5. Estimating and costing – B.N. Datta6. Building Construction – Sushil Kumar7. Building Construction – Sharma and Kaul8. Standard Norms (HMG)9. Nepal Road Standards (NRS), Department of Road, Nepal


COURSE CODE: SFM 304 (S)COURSE TITLE: FOREST MENSURATIONFULL MARKS: 50 Theory: 40 Practical: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course students will gain general knowledge about principles and practices of forest measurement.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1 Take the measurements of standing and felled trees.2 Prepare local volume table and use different V.T.S.3 Execute different methods of sampling enumeration of the forest.4 Demonstrate an understanding of increment.5 Calculate the weight and volume of different forest products.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1. Definition of forest mensuration1.2 Scope of forest mensuration

UNIT 2 MEASUREMENT OF STANDING TREES (13)2.1 Diameter measurement and its importance (3)

2.1.1 Diameter at breast height & Rules of dbh measurement2.1.2 Diameter caliper and diameter tape, their use, advantages and

disadvantages2.2 Height measurement and its importance (6)

2.2.1 Hypsometer and clinometer2.2.2 Abney's level and its use2.2.3 Measurement of height of trees on plane areas2.2.4 Measurement of height of tree on sloped areas2.2.5 Sources of error in height measurement

2.3 Forms of trees and Metzger's theory (4)2.3.1 Form factors2.3.2 Form quotients

UNIT 3 MEASUREMENT OF FELLED TREES & FUELWOOD (4)3.1 Measurement of logs

3.1.1 Measurement of length, diameter and sectional areas of logs.a. Different formulae for the calculation of volume (Newton's,

Huber's, Smalian's, and Quarter Girth) of logs.b. Calculation of volume of sawn timber

3.2 Measurement of fuelwood3.2.1 Dimensions and volume of a chatta (stacked fuelwood and solide volume

percentage)

UNIT 4 VOLUME TABLE (5)4.1 General volume table: Use of Govts.4.2 Local volume table: Preparation of LVT (graphical method)4.3 Differences between LVT & GVT


UNIT 5 SAMPLING AND ENUMERATION (6)5.1 Definition and scope of sampling5.2 Types of sampling

5.2.1 Random sampling5.2.2 Systematic sampling

a. Line plot sampling b. Strip sampling c. Stratified sampling

5.3. Computation of volume & crop density5.4 Inventory of commercially important five NTFPs

UNIT 6 INCREMENT (3)6.1 Definition and types of increment

6.1.1 Basic concept of DBH, height and volume increment 6.1.2 Concept of CAI and MAI6.1.3 Estimation of increment e.g. diameter growth percentage, volume

growth percentage

UNIT 7 WEIGHT AND VOLUME CALCULATION (2)7.1 Weight and volume calculation of seed, and other forest products

PRACTICAL1. DBH measurement of standing trees.2. Height measurement of standing tree.3. Preparation of LVT Graphical method.4. Line plot sampling5. Strip sampling6. Log volume calculation.


1. Forest Mensuration – L.S. Khanna and A.N. Chaturvedi


COURSE CODE: SFM 305 (S)COURSE TITLE: FOREST LAW AND OFFICE MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The students will gain general Knowledge about the principles and practices of forest policy, forest law and policy of Government of Nepal.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand the legal procedures of forest protection and conservation.2. Understand the implementation and procedures of forest rules and regulations.

PART - A FOREST LAW AND POLICY

UNIT 1 SALIENT FEATURES OF FOREST LAW (10)1.1 Private forest nationalization act 2013 1.2 Forest act 2049 1.3 National park and wildlife conservation act 2029 & 2050 1.4 Plant protection act 2029 and 2050 1.5 Soil and water conservation act 1.6 Environment Act; 2053 1.7 Constitution of Kingdom of Nepal; 2047

UNIT 2 SALIENT FEATURES OF FOREST POLICY RULES AND REGULATIONS (15)

2.1 Introduction, concept, History 2.2 Sales and distribution rules of forest produce 2.3 Wild life rules and regulations 2.4 Legal procedures and charge sheets 2.5 Buffer zone regulation; 2052 2.6 Environment Regulation; 2054

PART - B OFFICE MANAGEMENT

UNIT 3 OFFICE MANAGEMENT (4)3.1 Meaning and objectives management3.2 Meaning of Office3.3 Office lay-out

UNIT 4 GOVERNMENTACCOUNTING (4)4.1 Government accounting system4.2 Objectives4.3 District treasury and Account controller's office

UNIT 5 GOVERNMENT BUDGET (3)5.1 Meaning and Objectives5.2 Budget Estimation and Formulation

UNIT 6 INVENTORY ACCOUNTING (4)6.1 Meaning and Objectives 6.2 Classification6.3 Procurement system


UNIT 7 OFFICIAL PROCEDURES (7)7.1 Correspondence 7.2 Filing and Indexing 7.3 Authority-letter7.4 Benefits (Leave, retirement, pension & gratuity)

TEXT AND REFERENCES BOOKS

1. Government Budget and Accounting System (with Audit)--B. G. Bista and S. N. Shrestha

2. Government Accounting System and Budgetary System in Nepal--M. M. Shrestha & M. Bajimaya

3. Byabasayik Siddhanta Tatha Karyalaya Bysthapan--Kul Nar Singh 4. Byabasayik Siddhanta Tatha Karyalaya Karyabidhi , Amuda Shrestha (Publisher:

Educational Enterprises).5. Nepal Ain Sangrah, Volume 7, revised.6. Forest Act 2049.7. Muluki Ain 2049. 8. Nepal Niyam Sangrah, volume 7, revised.

* Case study-at least two regarding with forest.


COURSE CODE: BSH 306 (S)COURSE TITLE: SOCIOLOGY FOR FORESTRY FULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of this course, the students will be able to analyze and comprehend the social factors those play role in effective management of natural resources in the country.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, students will be able to develop basic understanding of Sociology/Anthropology. Understand the value of group dynamics in natural resource management. Analyze the role of Social system/Structure on natural resource management.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY/ ANTHROPOLOGY (4)1.1 Definition, nature, scope, and branches of sociology and anthropology.

Historical development of sociology/anthropology in Nepal. 1.2 Demography. 1.3 Transhumance

UNIT 2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY (8)2.1 Society, Culture, Group, Community, Institutions, Class, Caste, Status and

Roles 2.2 Norms and Values, Family and Kinships, Ethnicity, Assimilation,

Socialization, and Sanskitization.2.3 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism2.4 Religion2.5 Holism, System Approach2.6 Gender and Feminism

UNIT 3 GROUP AND COMMUNITY (5)3.1 Definition, Features, and types of groups3.2 Basic Component of a group:

3.2.1 Insider/Outsider (emic, etic perspective), 3.2.2 Primary and Secondary group3.2.3 Users Group3.2.4 Interest group3.2.5 Group vs community3.2.6 Basic Elements of a Community3.2.7 Society vs Community3.2.8 Ethnicity3.2.9 Tribe

UNIT 4 VALUES AND NORMS (5)4.1. Values

4.1.1 Characteristics 4.1.2 Values orientation (Local vs. Govt.)

4.2. Norms4.2.1 Decision-Making4.2.2 Politics and power, distribution and equity


4.2.3 Good Governance: Definition, types and application in Forestry.4.2.4 Role of Caste, Class, Gender and Age in decision making

UNIT 5 SOCIAL SYSTEMS, ORGANIZATION AND CHANGE (5)5.1 Social Structure5.2 Social system: Feudalism, Capitalism and Socialism5.3 Social organization5.4 Social change5.5 Some General Aspects of social change5.6 Social change and Development

UNIT 6 SOCIAL PROCESSES AND INTERACTION (5)6.1 Basic Concepts of Social Process6.2 Conflict resolution/Group cohesion6.3 Causes of Conflicts6.4 Conflict resolution6.5 Social control6.6 Social Stratification and inequality: Caste, Class, Gender and Ethnicity6.7 The forms of accommodation

UNIT 7 THEORETICAL APPROACH TO SOCIAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT (6)

7.1 Modernization theory7.2 Dependency theory7.3 World system theory7.4 Human Ecology

UNIT 8 INTRODUCTIONS TO NEPALI SOCIETY AND CULTURE (5)8.1 Cultural Diversity – mountain, hill, Terai8.2 Economic structure of Nepalese society8.3 Ethnic/Caste & class structure and change8.4 Gender structure and change

UNIT 9 SOCIAL PROCESS IN NEPAL (3)9.1 Acculturation 9.2 Process of Nepalization & Sanskritization 9.3 Regionalism and National Integration9.4 Westernization and Modernization

UNIT 10 INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT (4)

10.1 Indigenous Vs Traditional.10.2 Resource management through indigenous knowledge and practice.10.3 Importance and relationship of social sciences in resource management


1. Readings in Social Forestry: Edited by Don Messerschmidt and N.K. Rai. Winrock International Kathmandu.

2. Introduction to Sociology: Sadhu and Singh


3. Forest, Tree and People of Nepal; Gilmour and Fisher4. Proceedings of International training on participatory process, tools, Techniques

in Community Forestry organized by RECOFTC/DOF/IOF5. An Introduction to Sociology by Vaidhya Bhusan Sachdeva, Kitab Mahal, India.6. Rural Sociology by K. Singh, Prakashan Kendra, Lucknow, India.7. Modern Sociological Theory by M. Francis Abraham, Oxford University press,

1992.8. The Structure of Sociological Theory by H.Jonathan Turne, Rawat Publication,

Jaipur, 2002.


Course Code: SFB 307 (S)Course Title: INTRODUCTORY AGROFORESTRYFull Marks: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the students will know the general concepts and practices of agroforestry and its production and management systems.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course, the students will be able to:1. Define and classify agroforestry systems.2. Select species suitable for different agroforestry practices.3. Identify suitable species for horticulture and animal farming along with tree

crops.

UNIT 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION (4)1.1 Definition and basic concepts of agroforestry 1.2 Scope and importance of agroforestry in Nepal 1.3 Components of agroforestry and their interactions

UNIT 2 AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS (9)2.1 Criteria for classification

2.1.1 Structural basis2.1.2 Functional basis 2.1.3 Ecological basis2.1.4 Commercial basis

2.2 Agro-forestry systems2.2.1 Agro-silviculture 2.2.2 Horto-silviculture 2.2.3 Silvipasture 2.2.4 Agri-silvi-pasture 2.2.5 Sericulture and aqua-silviculture 2.2.6 Taungya & Shifting cultivation

UNIT 3 AGROFORESTRY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN NEPAL (14)3.1 Cereal-based production systems (4)3.2 Fruit and vegetable-based production systems (4)3.3 Animal-based (6)

3.3.1 Management of livestock (3)3.3.2 Management of forest resources (3)

UNIT 4 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF AGROFORESTRY TREE SPECIES IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC ZONES (8)

4.1 Timber 4.2 Fuel wood4.3 Food-fruit-vegetables4.4 Fodder & forage4.5 Shade4.6 Green manuring4.7 Windbreak and shelter belts


UNIT 5 DESIGN OF SMALL AGRORESTRY PROJECTS (7)5.1 Description of agroforestry5.2 Biophysical consideration5.3 Socio economic consideration 5.4 Case study (Hills and Terai )5.5 Preparation of agroforestry projects

FIELD EXERCISE:

1. Visit nearby agroforestry projects and farm activities. (1)2. Collection and identification of agroforestry species and crops. (1)3. Rapid collection methods of socio-economics and bio-physical information. (2)4. Study of Agroforestry Systems, Windbreak, and shelterbelts should be done

during the field visit (1).5. Design and drawing of simple agroforestry models


1. Agroforestry Principles and Practices A.P. Dwivedi2. Hand Book of Agroforestry S.P. Singh3. Agroforestry in india K.G. Tejwani4. Text Book of Agroforestry Dr. B.S. Chundwat & Mr. S.K. Gautam5. Agroforestry – Classification & management Edited by Kenneth G. Mac Dicken

Napoleon T. Vergera6. Agroforestry Land use Systems NFTA Special Publication 90-02-19907. Agroforestry Practices in Nepal Dr. S.M. Amatya8. Tree Fodder & Fodder Tree in Nepal K.K. Pandey


COURSE CODE: BSH 321 (F)COURSE TITLE: PHYSICS FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 75 THEORY: 50PRACTICAL: 25GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Upon completion of this course, the students will gain in-

depth knowledge and skill of physical concepts applied in forestry.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to demonstrate understanding:

1. To acquire sufficient knowledge in Physics2. Heat as sources of energy.3. Laws of thermodynamics used in ecology.4. Shrinking and swelling of wood.5. Thermal and electrical conductivity of wood.6. Modulus of elasticity of a wooden beam.7. To solve mathematical problem in related topics.8. To deduce mathematical equations and formulas.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTORY COURSES IN APPLIED PHYSICS (3)1.1 Motion in straight line:

1.1.1 Displacement, velocity, acceleration, Scalars and Vectors, Equation of motion in a straight line,

1.1.2 Newton's laws of motion.1.1.3 Circular Motion:1.1.4 Angular Velocity, Time period, Acceleration, Centripetal and Centrifugal

force.UNIT 2 MECHANICS (15)

2.1 Harmonic motion (3)2.1.1 Simple harmonic motion and its characteristics2.1.2 Energy in simple harmonic motion2.1.3 Phase of vibration2.1.4 Simple pendulum

2.2 Gravitation (4)2.2.1 Newton's law of gravitation2.2.2 Gravitation and variation of g with altitude2.2.3 Depth2.2.4 Gravitational and inertial mass2.2.5 Gravitational potential energy

2.3 Motion (4)2.3.1 Motion of a projectile2.3.2 Motion of a satellite2.3.3 Escape velocity2.3.4 P.E. and K.E. of a satellite

2.4 Rotation of rigid bodies (4)2.4.1 Moment of inertia2.4.2 Torque on a body2.4.3 Angular momentum and its conservation

UNIT 3 ELASTICITY (4)3.1 Particle nature of matter (4)

3.1.1 Intermolecular forces3.1.2 Elasticity of metals3.1.3 Proportional and elastic limits


3.1.4 Hook's law and its verification3.1.5 Young's modules and its determination3.1.6 Energy stored in a wire3.1.7 Bulk modules

UNIT 4 VISCOSITY (4)4.1 Definition

4.1.1 Newton's formula4.1.2 Coefficient of viscosity4.1.3 Unit and dimension4.1.4 Streamline and turbulent motion4.1.5 Stoke's law4.1.6 Terminal Velocity

UNIT 5 SURFACE TENSION (4)5.1 Surface tension phenomenon

5.1.1 Molecular theory5.1.2 Capillarity5.1.3 Angle of contact5.1.4 Measurement of surface tension by capillary tube method

UNIT 6 HEAT AND THERMODYNAMICS (13)6.1 Change of Phase (2)

6.1.1 Latent heat of fusion of ice and latent heat of steam6.2 Gases (5)

6.2.1 Gas laws and the equation of state (Boyles law, Charles law)6.2.2 Work done by a gas6.2.3 Internal energy of a gas6.2.4 First law of thermodynamics6.2.5 Molar and specific heat capacity6.2.6 cp & cv, cp - cv = R

6.3 Kinetic theory of gases (1)6.3.1 Postulates of Kinetic Theory of gaseous

6.4 Saturated and unsaturated vapors (2)6.4.1 Behavior of saturated vapor (Definition)6.4.2 The equilibrium of solid, liquid and vapor (Triple point)

6.5 Hygrometry (3)6.5.1 Dew point6.5.2 Absolute humidity6.5.3 Dryness and dampness6.5.4 Relative humidity and its determination6.5.5 Wet and dry bulb hygrometers6.5.6 Humidity control

UNIT 7 ENERGY PHYSICS (7)7.1 Forms of Energy7.2 Mechanical Energy, Heat Energy, Light Energy, Nuclear Energy (Concept of

fission and fusion), Wood Energy 7.3 Alternative sources of wood energy in context of Nepal (Biogas, solar battery,

hydroelectricity).



1. Advanced Level Physics, M. Nelkon & P. Parker.2. Principles of Physics, Brij Lal & N. Subramanyam.3. A Text book of Physics, S.K. Gupta & J.M. Pradhan4. Physics Practical Guide, U.P. Shrestha 5. A Text Book of Practical Physics, Prakash & Ramakrishna.

PRACTICAL

1. Using a simple pendulum to determine the length of second pendulum and the value of 'g' in the laboratory.

2. Determining the modulus of elasticity of a wire by vernier apparatus.3. Determining the coefficient of viscosity of a liquid using the Stoke's method.4. Determining the moment of inertia of a fly wheel.5. Determining the % of R.H. by dry and wet hygrometer6. Determination of surface tension of a given liquid by capillarity rise method.


COURSE CODE: BSH 322 (F)COURSE TITLE: FOREST BOTANYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The students will be able to describe the lower plants, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms and their importance.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course the students will be able to understand:

1. General characteristic, economic importance of lower as well as higher plants. 2. Familiarize with the commonly used systems of classifications of plants.

UNIT 1 CRYPTOGRAMS (16)1.1 General characteristics classification and economic importance of virus bacteria,

algae, fungi, bryophyta, pteridophyta.1.2 Brief Life Cycles of Spirogyra, Mucor, Marchantia and Fern

UNIT 2 GYMNOSPERMS (8)2.1 General characteristics and classification, distribution and economic importance

of gymnosperms2.2 Life Cycle of Pinus

UNIT 3 TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS (14)3.1 A brief history of classification of angiosperms.3.2 Systems of classification – Bentham and Hooker, and Engler and Prantle's

Systems.3.3.Study of systematic positions, distribution, general characters, floral formula,

floral diagram and economic importance of plant members of following families:1. Magnoliaceae 6. Fagaceae2. Rosaceae 7. Betulaceae3. Verbenaceae 8. Combretceae4. Dipterocarpaceae 9. Leguminosae5. Ericaceae

UNIT 4 PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF NEPAL (2)

PRACTICAL (12)

1. Study of the structures of the following representative plant members.a. Bacteria - any bacterial cellb. Algae - Volvox, Spirogyra, Nostocc. Fungi -Mucor , Puccinia & Agaricus

d. Bryophyta - Marchantia, Mosse. Pteridophyta - Lycopodium, and Fern

2. Gymnosperm: Structure of male and female cone of Pinus.3. Herbarium preparation, Identification, nomenclature and classification of

representative plants from the above mentioned families.

TEXT AND ERENCES BOOKS


1. Modern Approach to Botany -KN Bhatia and Khanna2. Text Book of Botany (for Degree students) - A.C. Dutta3. Forest Botany --Dr. MP Shiva4. Taxonomy of Angiospermic plants –V.S.Lawrence5 .Flora of British India Vol-I-VII- Sir Josheph D.Hooker6 .Flowers Of Himalayas –JDA Stainton7. Nepal's Nature Paradise-T.C. Majpuria


COURSE CODE: BSH 323 (F)COURSE TITLE: FOREST ZOOLOGYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: his course has been designed to familiarize students with the vital roles and activities of forest dwelling animals.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the students will be able to:

1. Classify different animals in different groups2. Understand the different parts of cell and their functions3. Familiarize with the principle of organic evolution and its theories and the

process of Fossilization4. Familiarize with major Zoo-geographical regions5. Familiarize with some of the common forest pests & their control.

UNIT 1 CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMAL KINGDOM (25)

1.1 Animal phylogeny 1.2 General characteristics & classification of following

Phylum Anthropoda with special reference to Insecta (upto order)Class – Pisces (upto order)Amphibia (upto order)Reptilia ( upto order )Aves (upto important families)Mammals (upto important families)

UNIT 2 CELL BIOLOGY (10)2.1 Organization of an animal cell2.2 Structure & functions of cell organelles: Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic

reticulum, Golgi complex, Lysosome, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Nucleus and Chromosome.

UNIT 3 PALEONTOLOGY (9)3.1 Zoological time scale3.2 Fossils, fossilization & its significance

UNIT 4 ZOOGEOGRAPHIC REGIONS (4)4.1 Boundary, Climatic condition and common and peculiar faunas of

following regions: Palaeartic region Oriental region Ethiopian region Australian region Neartic region Neotropical region Dispersal and its barriers Discontinuous distribution

UNIT 5 CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION (6)


5.1 Principle of organic evolution5.2 Evidences of organic evolution5.3 Origin and evolution of Man5.4 Origin of species & speciation5.5 Adaptive radiation (Diversification)

UNIT 6 FOREST PEST AND THEIR CONTROL (4)6.1 Forest Pests and their types6.2 Host parasite relationship6.3 Pest control:

Mechanical control Biological control: Use of pathogenes, sterilization,

Pheromones, Insect hormones. Silvicultural Control Pesticide control Chemicals Bio-pesticides

6.4 Integrated Pest management

PRACTICAL (12)

1. Museum specimens & collections2. Study Mouth parts of insects - Grasshoppers3. Slide preparation

- Cockroach- Bee- Housefly (Diptera)- Moth/Butterfly

4. Study of adaptational characteristics found in birds and mammals (At least two from each group).


Hickman, cleveland and P., Sr., C. P. Hickman, Jr., F. M. Hickman. Latest edition. Integrated Principles of Zoology. The C. V. Mosby Company St. Louis

Chordate Zoology by Prof. T. C. MajupuriaEntomology by Metcalf and FlintKotpal, R. L. (Latest edition) Arthropoda. Rastogi Publications, Meerut, India.Cell Biology By De Robertis


COURSE CODE: BSH 324 (F)COURSE TITLE: MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 75

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The students will gain general knowledge about different branches of mathematics applicable to forestry and natural resource management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1 Understand mathematical procedures and basic principles in preparation for studying statistics, forest economics, forest engineering etc.

2 Understand general concepts about algebra, trigonometry and relation and mapping.

ALGEBRA

UNIT 1 SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS (5) 1.1 Solution of system of linear equations1.2 Application of matrix and determinant

UNIT 2 SYSTEMS OF LINEAR INEQUALITIES (5)2.1 Linear inequalities2.2 Elementary properties of simple inequalities2.3 System of inequalities2.4 Linear programming with convex polygonal region

UNIT 3 SEQUENCE AND SERIES (6)3.1 Definition, concept of A.P, G.P., H.P & means (Revision)3.2 Infinite series.3.3 Sum of the natural numbers.3.4 Use of ∑ notation.

UNIT 4 MATRICES AND DETERMINANT (9)4.1 Definition of Matrix4.2 Addition, subtraction and multiplication of matrices4.3 Trans pose, Adjoint Inverse of a matrix 4.4 Rank of matrix4.5 Definition of determinant 4.6 Minors and cofactors4.7 Properties of 3x3 determinant

UNIT 5 COMPLEX NUMBER (5)5.1 Introduction5.2 Algebra of complex numbers5.3 Imaginary units5.4 Conjugate and Modulus of a complex number5.5 Polar form of a complex number5.6 De Moivre’s Theorem (without proof)


5.7 Square roots of a complex number5.8 Cube roots of unity

UNIT 6 SIMPLE PARTIAL FRACTION (4)6.1 Introduction6.2 Partial fractions6.3 Determination of partial fraction

UNIT 7 PERMUATION AND COMBINATION (7)7.1 Definition7.2 Formulas on Permutation and Combination (without proof)7.3 Solution of problems

UNIT 8 BINOMIAL THEOREM (7) 8.1 Expansion of Binomial expression for any index (Positive, negative, fraction)8.2 General term 8.3 Middle terms8.4 Properties of Binomial Coefficients

UNIT 9 LOGARITHM (5)9.1 Definitions9.2 Properties of logarithms9.3 Study of characteristic and mantisa9.4 Study of log and antilog table

TRIGONOMETRY, RELATION AND MAPPING

UNIT 10 RELATION AND MAPPING (5)10.1 Ordered pairs and cartesian product of sets (Revision)10.2 Symmetric, Reflexive and Transitive relation 10.3 Equivalence relation 10.4 Definition of Mapping10.5 Types of Mapping10.6 Inverse Mapping 10.7 Composite Mapping

UNIT 11 PROPERTIES OF TRIANGLES (10)11.1 The Cosine Law 11.2 Sine law11.3 Projection law11.4 Half angle formula11.5 Tangent law11.6 The area of triangle

UNIT 12 SOLUTION OF TRAINGLE (5)12.1 Solution of triangle12.2 Use of logarithm in solution of triangle

UNIT 13 HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES (5)13.1 Solution of problems



1. Basic Mathematics Vol. I & II by B.R. Bajracharya, R.M. Shrestha & others2. Intermediate Algebra by Ganguli & Mukherji3. Intermediate Trigonometry by Das and Mukherji4. College Algebra by Raymond


COURSE CODE: BSH 325 (F)COURSE TITLE: CHEMISTRY FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 75 THEORY: 60 PRACTICAL: 15

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:

1. To understand the basic theory of physical chemistry2. To understand inorganic and organic chemistry.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course the students will be able to:1. Understand the role of Chemistry in natural resources.2. Explain the structure of atom; combining nature of elements and bond

formation in a compound focused in Forest plants.3. Write a chemical equation and explain its importance in a chemical reaction 4. Find out the strength of solution of acids, bases and salts 5. Explain electrochemistry, solution, colloids and suspensions.6. Understand Hybridization and the system of naming of organic compounds

UNIT 1 BASIC CONCEPTS (6)1.1 Chemistry and its importance1.2 Atomic structure.

1.2.1 Rutherford Model & its Defects,1.2.2 Bohr's Model & Idea about Summerfield modification.1.2.3 Quantum Numbers1.2.4 Hund's rule, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Auf bau Principle and electronic

configuration of elements (Atomic Number from 1-30).1.3 Isotopes and the uses of Labeled Isotopes (N, P, C, H, Fe) in forest.

UNIT 2 BONDINGS (4)2.1 Dipole moment and its applications2.2 Hydrogen bonding, types and its significance2.3 Resonance

UNIT 3 PERIODIC TABLE AND IT's PROPERTIES (5)3.1 Modern periodic table and its significance.3.2 Long form of periodic table, Periodicity3.3 Electro-negativity3.4 Atomic size3.5 Ionization potential3.6 Electron-affinity3.7 Metallic character

UNIT 4 ACIDS, BASES, SALTS AND ACIDIMETRY/ALKALIMETRY(8)4.1 Theories of acids and bases

i. Arrhenius theoryii. Bronsted-Lowry conceptiii. Lewis concept

4.2 Types of salts - simple salts, double salts and complex salts 4.3 Strength of acids and bases, pH & pH scale and its uses in the determination of

different type of solutions.


4.4 Normality, molarity, molality, gram per litre, %(W/W), % (W/V), Mole fraction

4.5 Acid base titration: 4.6 Indicators4.7 Normality equation, simple problems related to normality, molarity gram per

litre of acids & bases

UNIT 5 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION (6)5.1 Old concept5.2 Electronic concept5.3 Oxidation number and its counting5.4 Redox reactions5.5 Balancing of redox reactions by oxidation number method or ion electron

method (only in acidic medium)5.6 Some common oxidizing and reducing agents, e.g. KMnO4. K2Cr2O7, SO2, H2S.

HNO3 etc.

UNIT 6 SOLUTION, COLLIDES AND SUSPENSION (3)6.1 Difference between solution, colloids & suspension6.2 Vapor pressure & boiling point6.3 Introduction to colligative properties of solution

UNIT 7 CHEMICAL KINETICS AND CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM (5)7.1 Concept of rate law, order and molecularity7.2 The law of mass action7.3 Common ion effect7.4 Solubility product7.5 LeChatelier's principle and its applications

UNIT 8 ELECTROCHEMISTRY (4)8.1 Electrolytes and non-electrolytes8.2 Electrolysis

8.2.1 Arrhenius theory of electrolysis8.2.2 Faraday's law of electrolysis8.2.3 Problems related to electrolysis

UNIT 9 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (10)9.1 Introduction: Source of organic compounds9.2 Classification of organic compounds9.3 Functional groups, Homologous series 9.4 Nomenclature of organic compounds by common and IUPAC systems9.5 Isomerisms9.6 Role of organic chemistry in forestry

UNIT 10 HYBRIDIZATION, ORGANIC REACTIONS AND THEIR MECHANISMS (6)

10.1 Hybridization (Sp, Sp2, Sp3) & formation of sigma & pi-bonds10.2 Inductive effect and its applications10.3 Mechanism of Substitution, Elimination and Addition reactions


PRACTICAL (18)

1. Titration (alkalimetry & Acidimetry)1.1 Preparation of Standard solution of Na2CO3, Oxalic Acid (N, N/5, N/10

etc)1.2 Preparation of approx. solns. Of NaOH, H2SO4, KOH, HCl, (N, N/5, N/10

etc.)1.3 Determination of strength of Acids/bases by titration methods.

2. Determine Acidity of various types of soils by using pH meter universal indicator.

3. Salt Test (at least 6 practical)3.1 Simple salt analysis

4. Detection of elements (N, S, Cl, Br and I) present in the organic compounds.

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS1. Essential of Physical Chemistry by B.S. Bahl2. Advance Inorganic chemistry by Satya Prakash3. Text Book of Physical Chemistry by K.K. Sharma4. Text Book of Physical Chemistry by Sharma and Puri5. Text Book of Physical Chemistry by P.C. Rakshit6. Text Book of Inorganic Chemistry by R.C. Agarwal7. Basic Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis by P.N. Yadav8. Basic Qualitative Analysis by K.R. Palak9. A Hand Book of Practical Chemistry by K.R. Palak or K.K. Vaidya10. Foundation of Chemistry vol I & II, by R.R. Pradhananya & M.K.Sthapit.


COURSE CODE: SFB 350 (S)COURSE CODE: INTRODUCTORY SILVICULTUREFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course, the students will:

1. Have gained a general understanding of silviculture.2. Have learned skills which will enable them to work in the national, community

and private forestry sectors.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Students will understand silviculture, locality factors, succession, forest types based on ecological basis and management objectives, silvicultural systems and nursery management.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Definition and objectives of silviculture1.2 Common terms in silviculture1.3 Relation of silviculture with other branches of forestry

UNIT 2 ENVIRONMENTAL (LOCALITY) FACTORS (10)2.1 Definition, importance and classification2.2 Climatic factors2.3 Topographical factors2.4 Edaphic factors2.5 Biotic factors2.6 Other factors (Pollution, stress)

UNIT 3 CONCEPT OF SUCCESSION (5)3.1 Introduction 3.2 Kinds of succession (Primary, Secondary)3.3 Causes of succession3.4 concept of climax

UNIT 4 FOREST TYPE OF NEPAL ON ECOLOGICAL BASIS (5)4.1 Tropical4.2 Sub tropical 4.3 Temperate4.4 sub Alpine4.5 Alpine

UNIT 5 FOREST CLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVE AND OWNERSHIPS (5)

5.1.Types of forests5.1.1 National forest

5.1.1.1 Protection forest5.1.1.2 Production forest5.1.1.3 National parks, reserves, conservation area and buffer zone forest.

5.2 Community forest5.3 Private forest


5.4 Lease forest5.5 Religious forest5.6.Urban forest

UNIT 6 INTRODUCTION TO NURSERY (5)6.1 Types of nursery (Permanent, Temporary)6.2 Nursery tools and equipments 6.3 Construction of nursery6.4 Preparation of nursery beds6.5 Seed treatment & seedling production

UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION TO PLANTATION FOREST (6)7.1 Introduction to plantation activities in Nepal7.2 Artificial regeneration and its imporatance7.3 Seed production, extraction and storage 7.4 Plantation techniques

7.4.1 Pitting7.4.2 Spacing

7.5 Silvicultural operations 7. 5.1Wedning, cleaning7..5.2Casuality replacement 7..5.3Thinning 7..5.4Prunning

UNIT 8 INTRODUCTION TO SILVICULTURAL SYSTEM (5)8.1 Natural regeneration and its importance 8.2 Factors effecting natural regeneration8.3 Methods of natural regeneration

8.3.1 Classification of silvicultural system8.3.2 Clear felling system8.3.3 Shelter wood system8.3.4 Selection system8.3.5 Coppice system

UNIT 9 CONCEPT OF FOREST PROTECTION (4)9.1 Delimitation and important 9.2 Factors causing damages to forest9.3 Principles of forest protections

FIELD EXERCISE

1 Study of primary and secondary successions and the concept of climax (excursions and field visits).

2 Study of forest types (three days field trip to show tropical, sub-tropical and temperate forests)

3 Study of silvicultural systems.4 Nursery practices (during practical hours and excursions)

- Preparations of beds- Seed treatments, germination percentage- Sowing & mulching


- Polybag filling and transplanting of seedlings in polybags- Root pruning, grading etc.- Weeding

5 Study of damages caused by pests and pathogens (excursion)


1. Principles and Practice of Silviculture, L.S. Khanna.2. Silvics of Trees of Nepal, Baban Prasad Kayastha.3. Handbook of Silviculture, Champion and Trevor.4. Manual of Afforestation in Nepal, Vol I, J.K. Jackson.5. Forest Act of Nepal 1993, HMG.6. Elements of general silviculture - Dr. S.S. Negi.7. Forest protection by: Dr. S.S. Negi


COURSE CODE: BSH 351 (SF)COURSE TITLE: BASIC ECONOMICSFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to understand and apply the theories and principles of micro and macro economics to planning, management and decision- making schemes at various levels in the natural resources sector.


1. Apply knowledge of microeconomic theories in analyzing the behavior of individuals and organizations.

2. Analyze the relationships among theories of microeconomic and macroeconomics.

3. Demonstrate an understanding of basic Nepalese economic systems and the role of natural resources in the economic development of Nepal.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Economic problem - problem of scarcity and choice1.2 Concept of microeconomics and macroeconomics

UNIT 2 THEORY OF DEMAND (4)

2.1 The demand function, demand schedule and demand curve (law of demand)E2.2 Exception to the law of demand2.3 Change in demand and causes of change in demand.

UNIT 3 ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (3)3.1 Meaning3.2 Types – price3.3 Income and cross elasticity3.4 Degrees of price elasticity3.5 Measurement of price elasticity

UNIT 4 THEORIES OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR (13) 4.1 Cardinal utility analysis – concept of total and marginal utility4.2 Law of diminishing marginal utility4.3 Law of substitution4.4 Derivation of demand curve04.5 Criticism4.6 Concept of consumer surplus4.7 Ordinal utility analysis (indifference curve approach) – indifference schedule4.8 Indifference curve and indifference map4.9 Properties of IC4.10Budget lines4.11Equilibrium of the consumers, income4.12Substitution and price effect4.13Derivation of the demand curve


UNIT 5 THEORY OF PRODUCTION (7)5.1 Meaning of production5.2 Production functions – long run and short run5.3 Concept of TP, AP and MP5.4 Law of variable proportions5.5 Concept of isoquant and iso-cost curves5.6 Laws of returns to scale5.7 Conditions for equilibrium of the firm with profit maximisation objective,

single and multiple commodities (production possibility curve)

UNIT 6 COSTS (5)6.1 Concept of money cost, real cost, social cost, implicit and explicit cost and

opportunity cost6.2 Short run costs and cost curves (conventional) - total fixed and variable costs6.3 Average costs and marginal costs6.4 long run cost curves (conventional) – derivation of LRAC and LRMC

UNIT 7 REVENUE AND REVENUE CURVES (1) 7.1 Concept and forms of market including duopoly and oligopoly7.2 Concept of total, average and marginal revenues7.3 Revenue curves – under perfect competition and monopoly.

UNIT 8 SUPPLY (2)8.1 Supply schedules and supply curves (law of supply)8.2 Change in supply 8.3 Factors determining supply.

UNIT 9 MARKET EQUILIBRIUM (8) 9.1 Equilibrium of firms and industry9.2 Price and output determination under perfect competition9.3 Monopoly and monopolistic competition

UNIT 10 NATIONAL INCOME (5)10.1Concept of national income including GDP, GNP, NNP, PI, DPI10.2Per capita income10.3GDP deflator10.4Real income10.5Methods of measuring national income10.6Difficulties in estimating national income


1. Modern Microeconomics, A. Koutsoyiannis2. Price Theory and its Uses, Donald Stevenson Watson and Malcolm Getz3. Modern Economic Theory, K.K. Dewette4. Principles of Economics, P.N. Chopra5. Advanced Economic Theory, H.L. Ahuja6. Macroeconomic Theory, M.C. Vaish7. Macroeconomic Theory, M.L. Jhingan


8. Microeconomics: Theory and Policy, D. N. Dwivedi9. Economic survey, HMG Nepal10. Micro and Macroeconomics: Mankiew and N. Gregory11. www.cbs.org12. www.npc.org


COURSE CODE: SFM 352(S)COURSE TITLE: REGULAR FIELD TRAINING 7 DAYS THEORY AND PRACTICAL FULL MARKS: 25

Practical field observation training related to forestry, soil conservation and wildlife management for one week will be conducted in and around Gorkha, Sauraha, Daman, or any suitable area closer to that. The respective campuses will provide the field visit program. At the end of filed training students' evaluation will be done by the supervising faculty.

COURSE CODE: SFM 353 (S)COURSE TILTLE: FOREST MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course, the students will gain knowledge and skills in forest management techniques.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explain the definition scope, logic and principles of forest management.2. Understand and explain the interactions and interdependence between humans,

forest resources, and the environment.3. Estimate the growing stock of a given forest.4. Prepare an operational plan of a given forest area.5. Understand and explain the concept and importance of multiple use forest

management.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (4)1.1 Definition & scope of forest management1.2 Goal and objectives of forest management1.3 History of forest management in Nepal

UNIT 2 INTERACTION OF MAN AND FOREST (6)2.1 Human dependence on forest resources in Nepal (historical); food, fuelwood,

and fodder.2.2 Human impact on the forest of an area

2.2.1 Wood/ fuelwood collection2.2.2 Grazing systems2.2.3 Agriculture cultivation

2.3 Scarcity of forest products and its impact and human response.

UNIT 3 CLASSIFICATION OF FORESTS (6)3.1 Purpose and Classification of forest on the basis of

3.1.1 Geographical and climatic factors3.1.2 Functional factors (Protective and productive)


3.1.3 Legal factors.

UNIT 4 NORMAL FOREST (Protective & Productive) (4)4.1 Definition and concepts4.2 Implication of the concepts to forest management

UNIT 5 GROWING STOCK, INCREMENT AND ROTATION (10)5.1 Growing stock and Increment

5.1.1 Introduction and definition of growing stock, determination of growing stock by various methods.

5.1.2 Importance and determination of site quality5.2 Rotation

5.2.1 Definition and concept of rotation5.2.2 Rotation in regular and irregular forest5.2.3 Types of rotation

5.2.3.1 Physical and silvicultural5.2.3.2 Rotation of max volume production5.2.3.3 Rotation of high income

5.2.4 Choice of rotation5.2.5 Rotation and conversion period (8)

UNIT 6 YIELD REGULATION (5)6.1 Introduction to yield regulation6.2 Concept of yield regulation (by volume and area)6.3 Sustained yield6.4 Yield table

UNIT 7 FOREST PLANNING/ OPERATIONAL PLAN (5)7.1 Definition, objectives, need and scope of operational plan7.2 Steps in preparation of Operational Plan.7.3 Write up of operational plan

UNIT 8 CONCEPTS OF MULTIPLE USE MANAGEMENT (3)8.1 Concept8.2 Its scope and practicality.

PRACTICAL

1. Study of traditional and C.F. (Indicator, effectiveness practicality analysis & reporting) management

2. Study of human response to FR scarcity 3. Observation and classification of forests and forest land 4. Normal forest analysis 5. Preparation of operational plan (including steps and methods)


Course Code: FPE 354 (S) Course Title: INTRODUCTORY FOREST PRODUCTS UTILIZATIONFull Marks: 50 Theory: 40 Practical: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this course is to provide the knowledge and skills regarding the proper utilization of wood, and apply appropriate technology for economical harvesting and logging in Nepal.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of the course student will be able to:

1. Apply the appropriate techniques of harvesting and logging.2. Identify the wood through physical features.3. Know & explain about the structure of wood and uses, wood defects, wood

based industries.

UNIT 1 HARVESTING AND CONVERSION (6)1.1 Harvesting tools- Axes, saws, power chain-saw, bill hooks, cant hook, debarking

spade, ropes, stem tightener and wedges.1.2 Season of felling, 1.3 General rules of felling1.4 Felling with different tools1.5 Conversion of felled trees

UNIT 2 TRANSPORTATION (3)2.1 Animal, carts, men2.2 Sliding and skidding2.3 Trucks, tractor, railways2.4 Loading and unloading by manual and mechanical systems2.5 Transportation by water: floating & rafting

UNIT 3 STRUCTURE OF WOOD (4)3.1 Gross structure of wood e.g. bark, pith, sapwood/heartwood, growth

rings (annual rings), early wood and late wood, grain and texture.3.2 Minute (Fine) structure of wood e.g. pores (Vessels), fibers, tracheids, wood

parenchyma (soft tissue), pith flecks, rays, ripple marks.

UNIT 4 DENSITY AND MOISTURE OF WOOD (4)4.1 Introduction4.2 Density and specific gravity4.3 Variation of density in wood4.4 Moisture content and its variation and measurement4.5 Factors affecting strength of wood

UNIT 5 WOOD SEASONING (3)5.1 Introduction, Importance and objectives5.2 Methods of seasoning

UNIT 6 WOOD DEFECTS (4)


6.1 Natural defects 6.2 Other than natural defects

UNIT 7 USES OF WOOD (3)7.1 Structural 7.2 Decorative7.3 Specialized

UNIT 8 INTRODUCTION OF WOOD BASED INDUSTRIES (4)8.1 Sawmilling8.2 Composite Board Industry8.3 Wood Preservation8.4 Pulp and paper industries

UNIT 9 WOOD ENERGY (3)9.1 Wood as fuel energy9.2 Importance of fuel wood9.3 Methods of efficient use of fuel wood energy, Improved Cook Stoves, Charcoal

& Briquettes

UNIT 10 NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (NTFPs) (6)10.1 Medicinal plants10.2 Resin tapping10.3 Bamboos and cane products10.4 Lac, silk and Bee keeping10.5 Tans, Dyes, Oil seeds, fiber, and flosses

PRACTICAL: 1. Wood identification at least 10 important species. 2 x 2 = 4 hrs.2. Visit wood based and NTFP based Industries.3. Introduction to power chain saw, tools, other equipments etc. 1 x 2 = 2

hrs.4. Harvesting exercise. 2 x 2 = 4 hrs.


1. Forest Utilization FRI, Vol. I and II, Deharadun, 19702. Forest Utilization by Tribhuvan Mehta3. Hand Book on Appropriate technology for Forestry operation in developing

countries (by Mikko Kantola and Klaus Virtanen)4. Logging and Pulpwood production by J. Denneth Pearce and George Stenzel5. Wood Energy News (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme in Asia,

Bangkok)6. Forest Products Journals7. Manual of Forest Utilization by S. Chowdhury, 20038. Manual of Important Woods of Nepal by D. Parajuli, S. Chowdhury, A.R.

Gyawali and B.M. Shrestha, 1998.9. A Manual of Forest harvesting and logging by A.R. Gyawali 1999.


COURSE CODE: WME 355 (S)COURSE TITLE: INTRODUCTORY SOIL CONSERVATION AND

WATERSHED MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The students will gain knowledge and skills regarding the concepts and practices of soil and soil conservation management in the context of Nepal.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand the basic concept of soil and identify physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in the field.

2. Define a watershed and understand interactions among watershed components.3. Understand the various kinds of erosion processes contributing to soil erosion

and their control measures.4. Understand the basic concept of hydrological cycle and its relationship to

watershed management.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL (4)1.1 Definition and concept of soil1.2 Introduction to rocks and minerals1.3 Introduction to weathering

UNIT 2 FACTORS OF SOIL FORMATION AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT (3)

2.1 Climate2.2 Living organisms2.3 Relief2.4 Parent material2.5 Time

UNIT 3 PHYSICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS (6)

3.1 Soil texture3.2 Soil structure3.3 Soil Density3.4 Soil porosity3.5 Soil moisture3.6 Soil organic matter3.7 Soil color3.8 Soil organisms3.9 Soil PH

UNIT 4 BASIC IDEA OF FOREST SOILS (3)4.1 Definition of Forest Soil4.2 Difference between cultivated and forest soil.4.3 Effect of vegetation on soil.

UNIT 5 LAND DEGRADATION (6)


5.1 Types and concept of land degradation (Erosion, desertification, water logging, acidity, salinity & alkalinity)

5.2 Definition of erosion, types and causes of soil erosion.5.3 Consequences of land degradation on productivity and infrastructure

UNIT 6 SOIL CONSERVATION MEASURES (10)6.1 Introduction and definition of biological, engineering and Bioengineering

measures6.2 Types of Biological measures: Plantation, Seeding, Manuring, Fertilization,

Mulching, Controlled Grazing, Cropping pattern Wattling, Jute netting, Conservation tillage

6.3 Types of Engineering Measures: Check dams, Retaining wall, Water ways Terraces, Embankments,

UNIT 7 INTRODUCTION AND CONCEPTS OF WATERSHED (4)7.1 Definition of watershed/sub watershed7.2 Delineation of watershed boundary7.3 Definition of watershed management/sub watershed management7.4 Watershed Characteristics

7.4.1 Physiographic characteristics (relief, climate, types of streams) 7.4.2 Land use characteristics7.4.3 Socio-economic characteristics

UNIT 8 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT MEASURES (4)8.1 Concept of Rehabilitation, Preventive, and Conservation Extension

measures8.2 Land use and land capability classification8.3 Concept of land use planning

UNIT 9 INTRODUCTION TO HYDROLOGY (3)9.1 Definition of Hydrology, and concept of hydrological cycle9.2 Human effects on the hydrological cycle.

FIELD EXERCISE

1. Study of Soil Profile.2. Soil Texture and color identification in the field.3. Collection of soil samples.4. Field visit in eroded area and observe conservation practices.


1. Nature and Property of soils, N.C. Brady.2. Soil conservation, R.P.C. Morgan.3. Soil Conservation, Hudson. N. 4. FAO and DSCWM/Nepal Documents5. Low cost technology


COURSE CODE: PWM 356 (S)COURSE TITLE: WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AND ECO-TOURISM FULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Students will gain the general knowledge about wildlife and Eco-tourism management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course, the students will be familiar with:

1. Definitions of important technical terms;2. Basic concepts of wildlife and eco-tourism management;3. Present status of wildlife and protected areas and needs for their conservation;4. Basic concepts of population dynamics and techniques of population estimation;5. Park-people conflict;6. Status and importance of eco-tourism;7. Impact of tourism; and8. Management activities related to development of recreational areas

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION/ DEFINITIONS (6)1.1 Definition of important technical terms: Conservation / management,

endangered species, habitat, niche, home ranges and territory, migration, dispersion, edge and ecotone, carrying capacity, buffer zone, corridors and connectivity, biodiversity, conservation, hot spot, etc

UNIT 2 VALUES AND STATUS OF WILDLIFE (6)2.1 Positive values (consumptive and non-consumptive)2.2 Negative values (Wildlife damage depredation, disease reservoir)2.3 Introduction of protected areas of Nepal2.4 Important & protected wildlife status of Nepal (Brief)2.5 Wildlife people conflict

UNIT 3 CONCEPT OF WILDLIFE POPULATIONS AND SURVEY TECHNIQUES (6)

3.1 Population dynamics: natality, mortality, age-structure, sex ratio.3.2 Population estimation techniques: mark and recapture, transect surveys pellet

group counts (cervids), call counts (birds)

UNIT 4 TOURISM & ECO-TOURISM (8)4.1 Tourism: Introduction/definition, travel and tourism, dimensions of travel,

growth of tourism in Nepal and world.4.2 Eco-tourism: definition, principles & role & limitations4.3 Eco-tourism activities in natural environment, backpacking and hiking, camping,

rafting, fishing, hunting, bird watching, jungle walk, elephant and horseback ride.

UNIT 5 ATTRACTION AND SERVICES (6)5.1 Attraction,5.2 Type of attraction

5.2.1 Natural: hills, forests, lakes, wildlife


5.2.2 Man-made: Infrastructural and super-structure facilities & services5.2.3 Socio-cultural: hospitality, socio-cultural practices, languages, historical,

religious, ethnic groups (ex. Sherpas, Gurungs, Tharus)

UNIT 6 IMPACTS OF TOURISM (5)6.1 Socio-cultural impacts6.2 Economic impacts6.3 Physical impacts6.4 Impacts of natural resource

FIELD EXERCISE

1. Tour accompanied by wild life expert: Identification and survey of wildlife.2. Excursions to locally available tourism & wildlife related facilities.


1. Raymond F. Dasman, Wildlife Biology2. James H. Shah, Introduction to Wildlife Management3. Allan collier, Principles of Tourism4. Matheison and G. Wall ,Tourism's Economic, Physical and Social Impacts5. Mill and Morrison , The tourism System6. T.C. Manapuria, National parks & Wildlife of Nepal.7. Katel, Heinen and Mehta National Parks and administration


COURSE CODE: SFM 357 (S)COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of the course, the students will have gained depth knowledge in Community Forestry as well as an awareness of the roles and responsibilities of forestry technicians.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon the completion of this course the students will be able to:

1. Comprehend an overview of community forestry programs in Nepal2. Demonstrate awareness of the roles and responsibilities of technicians.3. Monitor and evaluate community forestry programs in Nepal.4. Provide suitable advice and tools for making forestry, C.F. programs

successful5. Develop skills required to form Community Forestry.6. Learn skill and knowledge of C.F. for rural development.7. Learn about the Governance and its impact on C.F.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY FORESTRY (5) 1.1 Definition and concept of Community Forestry, 1.2 Evolution of Community Forestry in Nepal (historical background) 1.3 Aims and Objectives of Community Forestry Program in Nepal

UNIT 2 ROLE OF FORESTERS IN A RURAL COMMUNITY (5)2.1 Job description and responsibilities2.2 Qualities of a community worker2.3 Art of building rapport in the village

UNIT 3 COMMUNITY FORESTRY PLANNING PROCESS (8)3.1 Identification of users groups3.2 Investigation, Negotiation, Details of RRA & PRA tools & techniques and its

applications.3.3 Planning & process for Registration, Operational plan preparation, hand over

community forestry and certification. 3.4 Development of an operational plan including livelihood assets and its

implementation. 3.5 Second generation issues & gender equity.

UNIT 4 PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN COMMUNITY FORESTRY (5)

4.1 Indigenous knowledge for forest management 4.2 Protection, production, harvesting/Silvicultural operation and

distribution and fund mobilization systems. 4.3 Income generation and community capital formation.4.4 Characteristics in each stages of development4.5 SWOT analysis in each stage.


UNIT 5 ROLE OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT (5)5.1 Fulfillment of basic needs of fuel wood, fodder and timber.5.2 Community Forestry for rural people livelihood.5.3 Concept of livelihood and relation with C.F. & Livelihood. 5.4 Forest User Group and local resource management.

UNIT 6 ROLE OF DIFFERENT STAKE HOLDERS IN COMMUNITY FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT (5)

6.1 Department of Forest and District Forest Office (DFO), 6.2 Forest User Group, NGOs, INGOs, Other Donors and Federation of C.F. users

Nepal (FECOFUN)6.3 Nature of conflict and its resolutions/management.

UNIT 7 PROBLEMS, CONSTRAINTS AND PROSPECTS OF C.F. PROGRAM IN NEPAL (5)

7.1 Resource (Budget & Manpower) Problems & constraints in the implementation of C.F.

7.2 Post formation support and Institutional Strengthening7.3 Forest User Group as a local development institution

UNIT 8 GOVERNANCE (5)8.1 Concept and definition, principles need and process. 8.2 Exercise of good governance in local organization (based on C.F.)8.3 Elements of good governance.

UNIT 9 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY PROGRAMS (6)

9.1 Basic concepts of Monitoring and Evaluation9.2 Objectives and principles9.3 Checklist for Monitoring and Evaluation of user group activities9.4 Participatory approach of Monitoring and Evaluation in Community Forestry9.5 Comparative study of livelihood forestry and C.F.

EXERCISE:

1. Exercise on Community Resource Mapping and Rapid Vegetation Assess-ment.

2. Exercise on operational plan preparation and community forestry handing over process.

3. Exercise on developing of monitoring & evaluation checklist.4. Exercise on participatory tools and techniques in community forestry by

showing video film related to C.F.


1. Community Forestry Guidelines 1995. Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation. Department of Forest. Community and Private Forest Division, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu.

2. The Community and Private Forestry Program in Nepal. Ministry of Forests


and Soil Conservation. Department of Forest. Community and Private Forest Division, Babar Mahal, Kathmandu.

3. Villagers, Forests and Foresters. The Philosophy, Process and Practice of Community Forestry in Nepal. D. A. Gilmour and R. J. Fisher. Sahayogi Press, Kathamndu.

4. Readings in Social Forestry and Natural Resource Management for Nepal. HMG, Ministry of Agriculture-Winrock International/IOF Project, Nepal.

5. Forest User Groups in Nepal. Messerschmidt, Richard and Shrestha, IOFP Technical Paper.

6. Elements of Community Forestry by B. P. Kayastha.7. Field Manuals in Community Forestry. Nepal Australia Community Resource

Management Project, Katmandu.


COURSE CODE: BSH 358 (F)COURSE TITLE: FOREST BOTANYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The students will be able to understand a general concept of plant anatomy, genetics as well as developments of plants.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the students will be able to understand

1 The Plant anatomy and the phenomenon of secondary growth 2 The importance of genetics in tree improvement 3 The phenomenon of development of plants. 4 Familiarize with Biotechnology

UNIT 1 PLANT ANATOMY (15)1.1 Types of plant tissues:

1.1.1 Meritematic tissue.1.1.2 Permanent tissue: simple, complex and secretary.

1.2 Internal structure of monocot root, stem and leaf.1.3 Internal structure of dicot root, stem and leaf1.4 Normal secondary growth.1.5 Concept of abnormal secondary growth.1.6 Ecological anatomy:

1.6.1 Hydrophytes1.6.2 Mesophytes1.6.3 Xerophytes

UNIT 2 GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING (12)2.1 Genetics

2.1.1 Introduction2.1.2 Concept of Mendelism2.1.3 Mutation: Chromosomal aberration and Gene mutation 2.1.4 Polyploidy

2.2 Plant breeding: Selection, Mutation and hybridization techniques.

UNIT 3 GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECNOLOGY (5)3.1 Introduction of genetic engineering.3.2 Biotechnology:

3.2.1 Tissue culture: Introduction,general process and its application.3.2.2 Bio-fertilizer.

UNIT 4 EMBRYOLOGY (6)4.1 Micro and Mega sporogenesis and gametogenesis4.2 Pollination and Fertilization4.3 Embryology of typical Monocotyledon and Dicotyledons Plants.

PRACTICAL1. Anatomy

a. Preparation of temporary slide of root, stem and leaf of dicot plant.b. Preparatipn of temporary slide of root, stem and leaf of monocot plant.


c. Preparation of permanent slidesd. Ecological anatomy of hydrophytes, mesophytes and xerophytes.

2. Study of internal structure of anther and ovary.TEXT AND REFERENCES BOOKS

1 Test Book of Botany-A.C.Dutta2 Principles of Genetics- Saxena3 Cytogenetics- Sinnot, Dunn and Dobzhansky4 Embryology of Angiosperms - P. Maheswori5 Biology of Nepal- S. R. Shakya6 Elements of Plant Breeding- H. D. Choudhary7 Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology-P.S. Verma

and V.K. Agrawal.


COURSE CODE: BSH 359 (F)COURSE TITLE: PHYSICS FOR FORESTRY FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course the students will have gained in depth knowledge and skills of physical concepts applied in forestry.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able to demonstrate understanding of:

1. Light as sources of energy.2. Basic principles used in prism binoculars, telescope, radar etc.3. Electrical circuits used in electric fencing.4. Modern theory of physics, applied in forestry.5. Thermal and electrical conductivity of wood

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTORY COURSE (3)1.1 Light as a source of energy, Refraction through lenses, Converging and

diverging lens, lens formula.1.2 Electrostatics, Induction, Conduction, Coulomb's law, Electric intensity, Electric

potential, potential difference.

UNIT 2 OPTICS (8)2.1.Refraction through lenses (2)

2.1.2.Lens maker's formula2.1.3.Power of a lens2.1.4.Combined focal length

2.2.Dispersion (2)2.2.1.Spectrum of white light2.2.2.Achromatic combination of lenses

2.3.Optical instruments (4)2.3.1.Telescopes - astronomical2.3.2.Terrestrial and Galilean2.3.3.Prism binoculars

UNIT 3 SOUND (OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES) (7)3.1.Sound

3.1.1.Damped vibrations3.1.2.Forced oscillation3.1.3.Resonances3.1.4.Waves and wave motion3.1.5.Transverse and longitudinal wave3.1.6.Progressive waves3.1.7.Principle of superposition3.1.8.Stationary waves3.1.9.Wave equation3.1.10. Waves in pipes and strings

UNIT 4 ELECTRICITY (10)4.1.Capacitors (3)


4.1.1.Charging and discharging of a capacitor4.1.2.Types of capacitors- Spherical and parallel plate capacitor

4.2.D.C. Circuits (3)4.2.1.Current density, drift velocity4.2.2.Ohm's law (Statement and verification)4.2.3.Combination of resistors4.2.4.Shunt and its principle

4.3.Heat and Power (4)4.3.1.Electrical heating4.3.2.Joule's law4.3.3.Potential differences4.3.4.E.M.F.4.3.5.Electrical power4.3.6.High tension transmission4.3.7.Internal resistance of battery4.3.8.Potentiometer4.3.9.Wheatstone bridge and its principle

UNIT 5 MODERN PHYSICS (7)5.1.Basic unit of charge particle.5.2.Discharge of electricity through gas.5.3.Cathode rays and it's properties.5.4.Deflection in electric and magnetic field.5.5.Nature and production of x-rays5.6.Properties and uses of x-rays.5.7 Radar5.8 Radioactivity (, & r) rays, properties, half-life, mean life, Age of earth,

radiation hazard.

UNIT 6 ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS (10)6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Spectra of electromagnetic radiation (Definition)6.1.2 Stratification of atmosphere6.1.3 Ozone layer and its importance6.1.4 Green house effect, its cause and control6.1.5 Heat balance of earth6.1.6 Atmospheric electricity (Introduction)6.1.7 Lightening

PRACTICAL

1. Determining the focal length of a convex lens by u-v method.2. Determining optically the angle of a given prism and the angle of minimum

deviation by symmetry method, hence calculating the refractive index.3. Verifying of Ohm's law.4. Using a P.O. Box to determine the resistance of the given wire and hence

calculate its resistivity.5. Determination of Absorption coefficient of B. particle.6. Determination of Frequency of A.C. mains by using a sonometer.



1. Advance Level Physics by M. Nelkon and P. Parker2. Properties of Physics by Brijlal and N. Subramanyam.3. A Text Book of Physics II Part by S. K Gupta and J. M. Pradhan4. Physics Practical Guide by U. P. Shreastha5. A Text Book of Practical Physics by Prakash and Ramakrishna.


COURSE CODE: BSH 360 (F)COURSE TITLE: CHEMISTRY FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: To understand organic chemistry and Bio –Molecules and their occurrence in nature.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the student will be able to:

1. Explain the preparation and properties of cyclic and aliphatic organic compounds and their uses

2. Understand the structure of bio-molecules 3. Understand structure and importance of resins, dyes, drugs, pesticides,

herbicides & weedicides

UNIT 1 HYDROCARBONS (5)1.1 Alkane, alkene and alkynes1.2 Laboratory preparation of methane, ethene and ethyne1.3 Properties and uses of methane, ethene and ethyne

UNIT 2 ALKYL HALIDES (5)2.1 Concept of mono, di, tri and poly halides2.2 General methods of preparation of alkyl halides (at least three methods) and

their properties2.3 Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of chloroform.

UNIT 3 ALCOHOLS (4)3.1 Classification of alcohols3.2 Distinction between 10, 20 and 30 alcohols by Victor Meyer's method. 3.3 General methods of preparation of 10 alcohols (at least three methods)

and their properties3.4 Test and uses of ethanol

UNIT 4 ALDEHYDES & KETONES (5)4.1 General methods of preparation of aldehydes & ketones (at least three

methods)4.2 Chemical properties & uses of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone.4.3 Distinction between acetaldehyde and acetone.

UNIT 5 CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (4)5.1 Classification of acids5.2 General methods of preparation of mono carboxylic acids (at least three

methods)5.3 Laboratory preparation of Formic acid5.4 General properties and uses of formic acid & acetic acid.

UNIT 6 AMINES AND AMIDES (4)6.1 Classification of amines, basicity of amines6.2 Separation of mixture of amines by Hoffman's method


6.3 General methods of preparation of primary amine (at least three methods)6.4 Structure and physiological importance of urea

UNIT 7 CYCLIC COMPOUNDS (6)7.1 Cyclo-alkanes & their preparation (at least three methods)7.2 Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of benzene, aniline, Nitrobenzene,

phenol.

UNIT 8 MOLECULES OF LIFE (7)8.1 Introduction, general structure and properties of carbohydrate, amino

acids & proteins8.2 Role of carbohydrates in plant metabolism8.3 General idea about nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), Fatty acids (fats and oils),

lipids

UNIT 9 APPLIED CHEMISTRY (3)9.1 Introduction, structure and importance of resins (natural and other than

natural, dyes, drugs, pesticides, herbicides & weedicides.

UNIT 10 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF PLANTS & THEIR IMPORTANCE (4)

10.1 General chemical concept and applications of Hormones and Enzymes10.2 General structure, biological importance of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavanoids,

and steroids.

PRACTICAL (10)1. Determination of M.P. and B.P. of organic substance.2. Identification of organic compounds: alcohol, glycerin, acetone, oxalate,

formate, acetate, etc.3. Preparation of organic compounds: Nitrobenzene, Phenol etc. 4. Preparations of plant extract in different solvent systems.5. Test for alkaloid, terpenoid, flavanoid, steroid, tanins & coumarins


1. Advanced Organic Chemistry, B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.2. A Text book of Organic Chemistry, K.S. Tiwari & others. 3. Foundation of Chemistry, vol. 3 by R.R. Pradhanaga & M.K. Sthapit.4. Chemistry of Organic Natural Products Vol I & II, O.P. Agarwal5. Advanced Practical Chemistry for B.Sc. by R. R. Pradhanagha


COURSE CODE: BSH 361 (F)COURSE TITLE: MATHEMATICS FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 75

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: The students will gain general knowledge about different branches of mathematics applicable to forestry and natural resource management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: After the completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand mathematical procedures and basic principles in the study of statistics, forest mensuration, forest economics, forest engineering etc.

2. Find the solution of differential equation as applied in different tradition of forestry.

3. Understand the general concepts about coordinate geometry, limit and continuity, differential calculus, integral calculus, and vectors.

4. Calculate maximum and minimum values of different functions applied in forestry and natural resource management.

5. Calculate area of different geometrical plane figures by the method of integration.

CALCULUS

UNIT 1 LIMIT AND CONTINUITY (6)1.1.Limit of algebraic function (Revision)1.2.Limit of trigonometric function1.3.Limit of exponential and logarithmic function.1.4.Definition of continuity1.5.Properties of continuous function

UNIT 2 DIFFERENTIATION (8)2.1.Differentiation of algebraic and trigonometric function2.2.Derivative of inverse circular function2.3 Differentiation of logarithmic and exponential function

UNIT 3 APPLICATION OF DERIVATIVES (6)3.1.Rates and increments3.2.Maxima and minima3.3 Tangent & normal3.4 Equation of tangent and normal3.5 Angle of intersection of two curves

UNIT 4 HIGHER ORDER DERIVATIVE AND PARTIAL DERIVATIVES (7)

4.1 Successive differentiation 4.2 Successive derivative of type eax +b, (ax +b)m Sin (ax +b), Cos(ax+b), log (ax+b)

etc.4.3 Partial derivative (Simple problems only)


UNIT 5 INTEGRATION (8)5.1.Integration of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic function5.2.Integration by parts5.3 Definite integral

UNIT 6 APPLICATION OF ANTI-DERIVATIVE (5)6.1 Area between two plane curves

UNIT 7 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION (10)7.1 Ordinary differential equation7.2 Equations of the first order and the first degree

Separation of variables Homogeneous equation Exact equation Linear equation

VECTOR ANALYSIS

UNIT 8 ELEMENTS OF VECTORS (5)8.1 Scalars and vectors8.2 Notation8.3 Modulus of vectors8.4 types of vectors8.5 Algebra of vectors

UNIT 9 PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS (5)9.1.Scalar or dot product9.2.Angle between two vectors9.3 Properties of scalar product9.4 Coplanar and non coplanar vectors9.5 Vector or cross product of two vectors9.6 Properties of vector product vectors

CO-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

UNIT 10 PAIR OF STRAIGHT LINES (5)10.1 Introduction10.2 Homogeneous equation of second degree10.3 Angle between two lines10.4 Bisectors of the angle between two lines10.5 Condition of a general equation to represent a pair of lines

UNIT 11 CIRCLE (5)11.1 Equation of circle11.2 Equation of tangent and normal11.3 Condition of Tangency

UNIT 12 PARABOLA (5)12.1 Equation of parabola12.2 Equation of tangent & normal


12.3 Condition of tangency

UNIT 13 COORDINATE IN SPACE (5)13.1 Introduction13.2 Distance & section formula13.3 Direction cosines


1. Basic Mathematics Vol. I & II by B. C. Bajracharya, R. M. Shrestha & others, Sukunda Pustak Bhawan

2. Differential Calculus by M. B. Singh and B. C. Bajracharya3. Integral Calculus by G. D. Pant & G. S. Shrestha4. Coordinate Geometry by G.D. pant5. Vector Analysis by M. B. Singh , B. C. Bajracharya6. Three Dimensional Geometry by Y. R. Sthapit & 7. Mathematics for Biological Sciences by Arya/Lardner


COURSE CODE: BSH 362 (F)COURSE TITLE: FOREST ZOOLOGY FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: This course has been designed to familiarize students with the general principle of animal physiology

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of this course the students will be able to:

1. Familiarize with digestive system, Circulatory system and sense organs.2. Familiarize with the genetics and endocrinology in animals3. Familiarize with adaptive system in animals.

UNIT 1 PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION OF ANIMALS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIRDS & MAMMALS (28)

1.1 Nutrition- Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation1.2 Respiration1.3 Circulation - Structure and function of heart, origin & conduction of heart

beat controlling factors, Functions of blood, blood groups, Rh-factor, Blood pressure and blood coagulation.

1.4 Osmoregulation & Excretion1.5 Reproduction - Gametogenesis (spermatogenesis & oogenesis) Male &

female reproductive system, menstruation cycle.1.6 Nervous System: The central and peripheral nervous system, types of

nerves (Afferent, efferent and mixed), Nerve cells and their types (uni coagulation polar, bipolar and multipolar), origin & conduction of nerve impulses and saltatory conduction.

1.7 Sense organ – Eye and Ear

UNIT 2 STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS IN BIRDS (10)2.1 Types & structure of typical feather2.2 Flight muscles & flight mechanism2.3 Perching mechanism2.4 Types of beak & legs

UNIT 3. ENDOCRINOLOGY (8) 2.1 Structure & functions of following endocrine glands2.2 Pituitary2.3 Thyroid2.4 Adrenal

UNIT 4 GENETICS (10) 4.1 Structure & functions of genetic materials (DNA and RNA)4.2 Population & gene pool4.3 Eugenics4.4 Inbreeding, out breeding and cross breeding

PRACTICAL- Histological slide study of birds & mammals


- Test of carbohydrate, protein & lipid- Dissection of pigeon, rat/squirrel- Structural Adaptation - Mammal, bird, reptile, Pisces


1. Hickman, Cleveland P, Sr., C.P. Hickman, Jr., F. M. Hickman. (Latest Edition). Integrated Principles of Zoology. The C.V. Mosby Company, St. Louis

2. Animal physiology by Hurkat and Mathur3. Evolutionary Biology by prof T. C. Majupuria4. Genetics & Evolution by S.S. Khanna. Central book Depot Allahabad - Latest

Edition.COURSE CODE: SFM 363 (F)COURSE TITLE: FIELD TRAININGFULL MARKS: 25 Days: 7

Practical field observation training for one week related to Botanical/Zoological aspects will be conducted in Kathmandu. The field visit program will be provided by respective campus. At the end of field training students, the supervising faculty will do evaluation of students.


COURSE CODE: SFM 401COURSE TITLE: FOREST EXTENSION AND COMMUNICATIONFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: After completing this course, the students will be able to manage and work confidently in rural development activities.


1. Manage successful dealings with persons of various backgrounds.2. Design and manage programs appropriate for rural settings.3. Give advice and make appropriate decisions quickly.4. Provide good leadership and coordinate with different line agencies.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO EXTENSION EDUCATION (5)1.1 Philosophy of Extension Education1.2 Principles and Objectives of Extension Education

UNIT 2 COMMUNICATION PROCESS (5)2.1 Definition and Importance of Communication in Extension2.2 Interpersonal Communication2.3 Barriers to Interpersonal Communication2.4 Strategies for effective interpersonal communication

UNIT 3 MOTIVATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION (10)3.1 Definition and concept of Perception and Motivation3.2 Theories of Motivation (X, Y, Z)3.1 Elements and Strategies to enhance motivation3.2 Group dynamics

3.2.1 Strategy to involve all the members of community (Gender, Class, Ethnicity)3.2.1.1 Appreciative approach3.2.1.2 Right based approach

UNIT 4 TEACHING METHODS IN EXTENSION EDUCATION (5)4.1 Extension Teaching Methods4.2 Selection of Appropriate Teaching Methods in Forestry Extension4.3 Integrated Approach in Extension

UNIT 5 TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS (5)5.1 Principles of Teaching and Learning5.2 Adult learning process5.3 Organizing learning process

UNIT 6 DIFFUSION AND INNOVATION PROCESS (7)6.1 Diffusion and Adoption6.2 Characteristics of Innovation6.3 Adoption Process6.4 Innovativeness and Adopter Categories


UNIT 7 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAM (7)

7.1 Definition and Importance of Planning7.2 Extension Planning Process

UNIT 8 EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAM (7)8.1 Definition and purpose of Extension Evaluation8.2 Objectives-based Evaluation models8.3 Basis of Evaluation Process

8.3.1 Questionnaire8.3.2 Focus Group discussion8.3.3 Observation8.3.4 Sampling methods

8.4 Analysis of the findings and lesson learnt8.5 Reporting and recommendation of findings

EXERCISE1 Development and preparation of Extension materials

Audio Visual Audio Visual Printed

2 Use of Extension materials.3 Simulation exercise


1. B. B. Singh Dongol and N. N. Joshi. A Textbook of Extension Education. Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Rampur Campus, Chitwan, Nepal.

2. O. S. Rathore, M. S. Chauhan, S. D. Dhaker, and S. N. Ojha. Handbook of Extension Education. Agrotech Publishing Academy, Udaipur, India.

3. S. V. Supe. An Introduction to Extension Education. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., India.

4. K. Singh, and A. K. Nayak. Extension Education. Commonwealth Publishers, India.

5. R. K. Samanta and S. K. Arora. Management of Agricultural Extension in Global Perspectives. B. R. Publication, Delhi, India.

6. A.S. Sadhu. Extension Program Planning. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. India.

7. G. L. Roy. Extension, Communication and Management. Naya Prakash, Culcutta, India.

8. O. P. Dahama. Extension and Rural Welfare. Ramprasad and sons, Agra, India.9. RWEDP. Planning Forestry Extension Programs. Report, Field Document No.

8. FAO, Bangkok.10. B.B. Basnyat. Extension Education. Trainers Manual No. 13. Department of

Agriculture. Central Agricultural and Training Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.11. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education. A publication of

AIAEE.


12. Forestry Extension Organization. FAO Forestry Paper 66. FAO, Rome.


Course Code: FPE 402Course Title: FOREST SURVEYINGFULL MARKS:75 THEORY: 50 PRACTICAL: 25

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the students will be able

to prepare and interpret different types of maps and plans correctly. In addition, they will be able to estimate the quantities of earthwork and areas of community and natural forests.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1 Record field data in a clear and standard form.2. Prepare various maps and plans from field data, which are necessary in natural

resource management.3. Understand terminology, methods and operation of instruments.4. Apply standard survey methods in carrying out survey in horizontal and vertical

planes, angular and linear measurements, traversing and Triangulation.5. Demarcate/check forest boundaries & detect encroachment areas.6. Work effectively with user groups in mapping and estimating forest resources

areas.

UNIT 1 FUNDAMENTAL DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS (4)1.1 Early history of surveying1.2 Surveying defined: Plane and geodetic surveys (Review)1.3 Classifications of survey (Review)1.4 Importance of forest surveying and its objective (Review)1.5 Principles of surveying (Review)1.6 Units of measurements (Review)1.7 Scale, methods of denoting scale and shrunk scale (Review)

UNIT 2 ERRORS AND ACCURACY (4)2.1 Necessity for accurate surveys2.2 Accuracy and precision2.3 Errors and mistakes2.4 Sources of errors2.5 Systematic and accidental errors2.6 Theory of probability2.7 Probable errors2.8 Accuracy in surveying and permissible errors

UNIT 3 METHODS OF LINEAR MEASUREMENT & TAPE CORRECTION IN LENEAR MEASUREMENT (6)

3.1 Distance corrections with numerical3.1.1 Type of distance corrections and slope corrections3.1.2 Wrong length of tape3.1.3 Temperature variation3.1.4 Sag3.1.5 Tension correction3.1.6 Combined correction


3.2 Common mistakes made in taping3.2.1 Errors in chaining/taping3.2.2 Suggestions for good chaining/taping and chaining/taping precision

UNIT 4 COMPASS TRAVERSING AND TRAVERSE COMPUTATION (7)

4.1 Meridian, bearing and azimuths (Review)4.2 The compass, system of bearings, conversion from one system to another.

Calculation of angles from bearing and vice versa. (Review) 4.3 Magnetic declination and dip, variation in magnetic declination, relation between

T.B, M.B. and declination.4.4 Errors in compass survey (Local attraction and observational error)4.5 Compass and chain traversing: Types of traverse & traverse, definition4.6 Fieldwork and field book4.7 Computation and plotting a traverse

4.7.1 Methods of balancing the closing error4.7.2 Co-ordinate method in detail (Latitude and departure method)

UNIT 5 CALCULATION OF AREA AND VOLUME (7)5.1 Methods of calculating the area5.2 Area computed by subdividing in triangles5.3 Area by coordinates5.4 Area within the irregular boundaries

5.4.1 Trapezoidal rule5.4.2 Simpson's 1/3 rules

5.5 Area by using planimeter5.6 Measurement of volume

5.6.1 Measurement of volume from cross sections5.6.2 Use of trapezoidal formula & prismoidal formula for computation of

volume5.6.3 Volume by spot levelling5.6.4 Volume by contour plan

UNIT 6 LEVELLING (8)6.1 Importance of leveling6.2 Basic definitions6.3 Methods of leveling6.4 Levels and level rods (name its type)6.5 Setting up the level and care of the equipment6.6 Theory of direct leveling6.7 Methods of direct leveling

6.7.2 Height of instrument (HI)6.7.3 Rise and fall method

6.8 Balancing the back and foresight6.9 Curvature and refraction6.10 Reciprocal leveling6.11 Adjustment of level circuits and computation of most probable elevations6.12 Profile leveling and cross sectioning: Plotting a profile 6.13 Common leveling mistakes6.14 Suggestions for good leveling


6.15 Precision of differential leveling

UNIT 7 TRANSIT AND THEODOLITE (4)7.1 Basic definitions7.2 Parts of transit and Theodolite7.3 Care of the instrument7.4 Temporary adjustment of transit and Theodolite7.5 Reading the transit and Theodolite vernier7.6 Sighting7.7 Measurement of horizontal angles7.8 Closing the horizon7.9 Measuring the angle by repetition7.10 Measurement of vertical angles7.11 Sources of errors and mistakes in angle measurement 7.12 Angle distance relationship

UNIT 8 TACHEOMETRY (3)8.1 Definition8.2 Introduction to stadia8.3 Principles of stadia method 8.4 Distance and elevation formula derivation for staff vertical and related

numericals.8.5 The anallatic lens

UNIT 9 CONTOURING (6)9.1 Basic definitions9.2 Contour interval and characteristics of the contour9.3 Methods of locating the contours9.4 Interpolation of the contours9.5 Contour gradient9.6 Uses of the contour maps

UNIT 10 MAP PROJECTION SYSTEM (3)10.1 Map Coordinate System10.2 Real world Coordinate system10.3 Map Projection with examples (Nepal)

UNIT 11 INTRODUCTIONS TO GPS IN FOREST SURVEYING (3)11.1 Introduction11.2 Types of Equipments11.3 Absolute GPS11.4 Differential GPS11.5 Real Time Kinematic GPS11.6 Data acquisition and Processing (Point Data & Navigation)11.7 Errors & Accuracy


1. Compass and chain traversing =3 x 2 = 6 hrs.2. Drafting techniques and map reading =1 x 2 = 2 hrs.


3. Leveling =4 x 2 = 8 hrs.4. Transit and Theodolite =3 x 2 = 6 hrs.5. Tacheometry =1 x 2 = 2 hrs.6. Contouring and calculation of volume =3 x 2 = 6 hrs.7. Preparation of resource map using GPS =2 x 2 = 4 hrs8. Student presentation =3 x 2 = 6 hrs

-------------------- Total = 40 hrs.


1. Surveying, Jack C. McCormack 2. Surveying, Vol 1 & 2, Dr. B.C. Punmia.3. Forest Surveying, Ram Prakash.4. Surveying and Leveling, Vol. 1 & 2, T. P. Kanetkar.5. Class Lessons in Surveying and Leveling, Dr. P. B. Sahani.6. Surveying Theory and Practice, Davis, Food and Kelly.7. Principles of Surveying and Its Application. Barry F. Kavanagh and S. J. Glenn

Bird8. Surveying – Francis H. Moffitt and Harry Bouchard9. Text Book of Surveying – S. K. Hussain and M. S. Nagraj10. Surveying – A. K. Arora11. Mapping and Compliation Methods and Technique – Rampal K.K., 1993,

Concept Publishing House, New Delhi12. GIS for Beginers, ICIMOD Maual


COURSE CODE: BSH 403COURSE TITLE: FOREST STATISTICSFULL MARKS:50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate the basic concepts and limitations of standard statistical procedures.

2. Compute the different central values and measures of dispersion and demonstrate their uses and importance.

3. Understand the basic probabilistic concepts and calculate probability of different events.

4. Demonstrate the concepts of probability distribution and their application.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate the concepts of averages, values of dispersion, concept of probability in the applied field of forestry research.

2. Demonstrate basic concepts of hypothesis testing, interval estimation, probability distributions, regression, and analysis of variance in practical works or research activities.

3. Be prepared for the forthcoming course of statistical methods and experimental design of B. Sc. III year.

UNIT 1 BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPTS (2)1.1 Origin, definition, scope and limitation of statistics1.2 Use of statistics in forestry1.3 Definition of standard terms: 1.4 Statistical notation, population and sample, parameter and statistic, variables.

UNIT 2 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS (18)2.1 Introduction 2.2 Frequency distribution: discrete, continuous2.3 Diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data:

2.3.1 Simple, sub-divided, percentage and multiple bar diagrams, pie diagram.

2.3.2 Histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve and ogive2.4 Measure of central tendency: Introduction, types, properties, merits, demerits

and uses of mean, median and mode.2.5 Measure of dispersion: Introduction, types, properties, merits, demerits and

uses of range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and Lorenz curve.

2.6 Measure of skewness2.7 Measure of Kurtosis2.8 Moments and their uses2.9 Correlation: Introduction, simple linear correlation(scatter diagram,

Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank), properties of correlation coefficients.2.10 Regression: Introduction, simple linear regression, properties of

regression coefficients, coefficient of determination.


UNIT 3 PROBABILITY (4)3.1 Terminology used in probability3.2 Introduction and definition of probability 3.3 Theorems of probability: Addition and multiplication theorems

UNIT 4 RANDOM VARIABLE AND MATHEMATICAL EXPECTATION (4)

4.1 Definition of a random variable (discrete and continuous)4.2 Probability mass function and probability density function4.3 Distribution function4.4 Mathematical expectation

UNIT 5 PROBABILTY DISTRIBUTION (10)5.1 Introduction5.2 Discrete and continuous probability distribution5.3 Binomial distribution 5.4 Normal distribution5.5 Normal probability curve and area calculation

UNIT 6 STATISTICAL INFERENCE (12)6.1 Estimation: Introduction, types of estimation (point and interval), confidence

interval for mean.6.2 Hypothesis testing: Introduction, definition of different terms (statistical

hypothesis, types of errors, level of significance, critical region, degrees of freedom), procedure of testing of hypothesis.

6.3 Types of tests: z-test, t-test, F-test

PRACTICAL:

1. Computer applications in statistics2. Frequency distributions, diagrams and graphs3. Computation of mean, median, mode, quartile deviation, mean deviation,

standard deviation, comparisons of distributions by using coefficient of variation

4. Computation of correlation and regression and its test of significance5. Probability and probability distribution (binomial and Normal)6. Computation of confidence interval, hypothesis testing, Z –test, t –test and F-

test


1. David V. Huntsberger & Patric Billingsley, Elements of Statistics2. Statistical Inference, Allyn and Baccon INC. Statistics.3. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Prornetrval Approach, R.G.D. Steel

and J.H Torrie4. R. G. Kruchokoff, Biometry.5. Mendenhall, Scheaffer & Wacherly, Mathametical Statistics with

Applications.6. Helen M. Walker & Joseph Lev; Elementary Statistical Methods.


7. Frank Freese, Elementary Statistical Methods, USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 232

8. V.E. Chacko, Manual on Sampling Techniques of Forest Survey, The manager of publication, Delhi, 1964.

9. S. C. Gupta & V.K. Kapoor, Fundamentals of Mathematical Statistics, Sultan Chand & Sons; 23, Daryagunj, Delhi-110002


COURSE CODE: WME 404COURSE TITLE: FOREST GEOLOGYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course, the students will have a basic understanding of geology.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: On completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand theories regarding the origin and modification of the earth and its various landforms throughout the geological time scale.

2. Name the major rocks and minerals and understand their origin and composition.

3. Describe weathering of rocks and influence of geologic processes in soil formation and composition.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY (3)1.1 Definition and concept of geology1.2 Components of geology1.3 The interior of the earth1.4 Origin of the Earth

UNIT 2 GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE ON LANDFORM / OUTCROPS (5)

2.1 Attitude of beds2.2 Joint

2.2.1 General introduction of Joint2.2.2 Classification of Joint (geometric classification)2.2.3 Significance of Joints on out croups

2.3 Fold2.3.1 General introduction of fault2.3.2 Classification of Fold (based on cross section)2.3.3 Significance of Fold on out croups

2.4 Fault2.4.1 General introduction of Fault2.4.2 Classification of Fault (geometric classification)2.4.3 Significance of Fault on land from / out croups

UNIT 3 PLATE TECTONICS (3)3.1 Features of plate tectonics3.2 Plate boundaries3.3 Importance of plate tectonics

UNIT 4 MINERALS (3)4.1 Physical properties of minerals4.2 Chemical composition of Rocks forming minerals

UNIT 5 TYPES OF ROCKS (10)5.1 Igneous rocks and volcanism


5.1.1 Definition5.1.2 Origin of magma5.1.3 Volcanism5.1.4 General texture (on the basis of fabrics) and structure of Igneous rocks

5.1.5 Forms of igneous rocks5.1.6 Classification of Igneous rocks (on the basis of mode of origin and

SiO2 content)5.2 Sedimentary rocks

5.2.1 Definition5.2.2 Mode of formation of sedimentary Rocks.5.2.3 Sedimentary textures and structures5.2.4 Classification of sedimentary Rocks.

5.3 Metamorphic rocks5.3.1 Definition5.3.2 Agents of metamorphism5.3.3 Types of metamorphism5.3.4. Structure of metamorphic rock

5.4 Relations among rocks, soils and plant growth

UNIT 6 STRATIGRAPHY AND FOSSILS (4)6.1 Principles of Stratigraphy6.2 General introduction to Chronostratigraphy, Lithostratigraphy and

Biostratigraphy6.3 Fossils and conditions of fossilization6.4 Index fossils6.5 Importance of fossils in forestry science6.6 Geological Time scale.

UNIT 7 WEATHERING OF ROCKS (5)7.1 Processes of weathering7.2 Types of weathering7.3 Controlling factors on weathering7.4 Significance of weathering

UNIT 8 INTRODUCTORY GEOMORPHIC PROCESSES (5)8.1 Exogenous processes

8.1.1 Effect of erosion on land stability8.1.2 Mass wasting

8.1.2.1 Types of landslides8.1.2.2 Causes of land slides8.1.2.3 Mechanism of landslides8.1.2.4 Investigation of landslides8.1.2.5 Treatment of landslides

8.2 Endogenous processes

UNIT 9 GLACIATION (2)9.1 Types of glaciers9.2 Glacial deposition and its relation to plant growth9.3 Introduction to glacial landforms.


UNIT 10 GEOLOGY OF NEPAL (5)10.1 Geological Framework of Nepal10.2 Tectonics of Nepal Himalayas (HFT, MBT, MCT, STDFS)10.3 Geological History of Nepal Himalayas

PRACTICALS1. Study and identification of minerals and rocks2. Familiarization of geological maps 3. Regional geomorphic features4. (Excursion)

Instead of excursions (day trips), arrange for 3 day’s trip for geological filed work (may be during management tour?)

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS1. Geology Made Simple, William H. Matthews.2. A Text Book of Geology, P.K. Mukharjee.3. Introduction to geology, R.K. Sinha.4. Introduction to geology, Watson & Read.5. Geology of Nepal, C.K. Sharma6. Landslides studies and Management in Nepal, B.N. Upreti, and M.R. Dhital

(ICIMOD)7. A text book of geology: G. B. Mahapatro8. Physical geology: G. B. Mahapatro9. Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock: ….. Blatt


COURSE CODE: PWM 405COURSE TITLE: WILDLIFE BIOLOGY FULL MARKS: 50GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Students will gain the general knowledge about wildlife

habitat, wildlife population, animal behavior etc.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: After completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts of wildlife biology upon which the art of wildlife management is based.

2. Comprehend the components of and concepts related to wildlife habitat.3. Understand the principles of wildlife populations. 4. Demonstrate understanding of the concepts of animal behavior.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS (6)1.1 Terms such as indigenous, endemic, exotic, endangered, vulnerable, rare,

depleted, intermediate, buffer species, edge and ecotone, niche, home range and territory, dispersion, carrying capacity, corridor & connectivity nomadism biodiversity & conservation hot spot buffer zone, Snag & den habitat fragmentation.

1.2 Interspersion and juxtaposition1.3 Translocation & relocation

UNIT 2 WILDLIFE HABITAT (8)2.1 Habitat components: food, cover, space and water2.2 Concepts related to wildlife habitat tropic levels

2.2.1 Energy transfer2.2.2 Carrying capacity2.2.3 Succession & habitat change.2.2.4 The edge effect2.2.5 Allien & invasive species (Lantana , Mikenia , Water Hycanth)

UNIT 3 WILDLIFE POPULATIONS (8)3.1 Population dynamics

3.1.1 Population growth models 3.1.2 Natality and Mortality3.1.3 Age structure and sex-ratio3.1.4 Dispersal, population fluctuations3.1.5 Population patterns (r-selected and k-selected)

3.2 Population genetics related problems3.2.1 Severe reduction in gene pool3.2.2 Genetic swamping

3.3 consumptive & non consumptive values of wildlife

UNIT 4 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (9)4.1 Habitat selection4.2 Territorial behavior4.3 Mate & courtship behavior


4.4 Reproductive physiology and behavior4.5 Aggressive behavior4.6 Circadian and circannual rhythms 4.7 Imprinting4.8 Parental care in wildlife4.9 Migration – Definition, type, causes

4.9.1 Waterfowl4.9.2 Mammals4.9.3 Reptiles4.9.4 Fishes

UNIT 5 FOOD AND COVER (8)5.1 Food

5.1.1 Carbohydrates5.1.2 Fats5.1.3 Proteins5.1.4 Vitamins5.1.5 Macro-nutrients5.1.6 Micro-nutrients

5.2 Feeding behavior, food & defense5.2.1 Quality of food5.2.2 Quantity of food5.2.3 Prey predator relationship types of cover & its uses5.2.4 Food management for wildlife5.2.5 Phenols (toxins) & repellent

5.3 Types of cover & its uses5.3.1 Forage, Browse, Grass cover estimation 5.3.2 Phenology & wildlife use

UNIT 6 THE BIOSPHERE AND ANIMAL DISTRIBUTION (6)6.1 The biosphere6.2 Animal distribution

6.2.1 Ecology of dispersal6.2.2 Pathways of dispersal 6.2.3 Major faunal realms

6.3 The diversity of biomes6.3.1 Terrestrial biomes6.3.2 Freshwater biomes

UNIT 7 WILDLIFE DISEASES (6)7.1 Wildlife diseases & postmortem examination

7.1.1 Infection diseases, contagious disease & non contagious diseases epidemiology surveillance of diseases

7.1.2 Bacteria, virus, protozoa, parasites, fungi, non infection diseases7.1.3 Causes of diseases

Inflammation, fever, morbidity, mortality7.1.4 Bacterial diseases : Anthrax, Brucellosis, tuberculosis, Salmonellosis7.1.5 Viral diseases: foot & mouth diseases, rabis, rhinderpest7.1.6 Protozons & Helminthes



1. Wildlife Biology, Raymond F. Dasman (University of California)2. Introduction to wildlife, management James H. Shaw (Imp.)3. Principles of Wildlife Management by J.H. Bailey 4. Ecology and Field Biology by Robert L. Smith (1990)5. Animal Behaviors by John Alcock (1975)6. An Introduction to behavioral ecology by J.R. Kseb & N.B. Davies, 1987.

Blackweel scientific publication, oxford, London, Edinburgh.7. Arrival world by Morica & Robert Burton, 1977, Macmillan, London Ltd.


COURSE CODE: SFB 406COURSE TITLE: PLANTATION SILVICULTUREFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course, the students are expected to understand the concepts and practices of plantation silviculture.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: The course specifically will prepare the student to:

1. Understand nursery operation/management techniques, planting as well as re-production methods.

2. Understand the role of silvicultural treatments in forest management.3. Learn the technique of plantation in different types of areas

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Plantation Forests1.2 Methods of artificial regeneration

1.2.1 Regeneration from seed1.2.2 Regeneration from vegetative parts (sprouting, root suckers, and coppice

etc.)

UNIT 2 NURSERY OPERATIONS (8)2.1 Objectives and importance of nursery2.2 Types of nursery 2.3 Site selection for nursery2.4 Design and layout of nursery2.5 Nursery construction2.5 Types of nursery beds and their preparation2.6 Methods of seed treatments2.7 Seed testing and seed certification2.8 Seedling production and management

UNIT 3 PLANTATION TECHNIQUES (10) 3.1 Appraisal of planting sites and its protection, 3.2 Plantation design3.3 Choice of species 3.4 Methods of Site/ ground preparation,3.5 Pitting 3.6 Spacing3.7 Handling seedlings,3.8 Plantation versus direct sowing.3.9 Concept of Forest Fertilization3.10 Concept of irrigation in plantations

UNIT 4 SILVICULTURAL TREATMENTS (10)4.1 Thinning (basis, types, effects of thinning, methods of thinning, regulation of

thinning)4.2 Pruning and lopping (type and effects)


4.3 Release operations (weeding & cleaning, liberation cutting of herbicides4.4 Improvement cuttings (T.S.I.)4.5 Salvage and sanitation cutting4.6 Effects of prescribed burning and fire on regeneration 4.8 Relationship of silvicultural treatment with biodiversity conservation

UNIT 5 AFFORESTATION/REFORESTATION OF DIFFERENT

TYPES OF AREAS (10)5.1 Objectives and importance of afforestation and reforestation.5.2 Locality factors, choice of species and methods of plantation in following

areas. 5.2.1 Denuded Hill Slopes5.2.2 Abandoned Cultivated Lands5.2.3 Grasslands5.2.4 Ravine Lands5.2.5 Dry Area with or without Irrigation5.2.6 Canal Banks5.2.7 Road Side Plantation5.2.8 Farm Forestry/on-farm Trees5.2.9 Urban Forestry

PRACTICAL

1. Nursery Visit, preparation of nursery design and layout 2. Study of Germination Percentage and survival in the lab/nursery3. Planting exercises: Digging pits and plantation (excursions)4. Pruning, lopping, and thinning exercises (excursions)5. Burning and effects of fire on forest regeneration (field visit) 6. Visit to demonstration plots to study silvicultural treatment (Exertion)


1. Principle and practice of silviculture: L.S.Khanna.2. Manual of afforestation, Ist ed., 1987, JK Jackson3. Manual of afforestation, 2nd ed., Vol. 2, 1994, JK Jackson4. The practice of silviculture: D.M. Smith5. Principles of silviculture: J.W. Daniels, J. Helms and F.S. Baker.6. Manual on Reforestation Techniques: R.C. Ghosh.7. Thinning guidelines for Pinus Patula and Pinus roxburghii Plantations in

Nepal NACRMLP Publication.8. Plantation Forestry by R. K. Loona.


COURSE CODE: SFB 451COURSE TITLE: TREE IMPROVEMENT AND SILVICULTUREFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course the students are expected to learn about silvics of important trees and tree improvement.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: The course will prepare the students to

1. Gain a basic silvicultural and ecological understanding of some important for-est species of Nepal.

2. Learn about the tree improvement techniques.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Introduction to Tree Improvement (objective and important)1.2 Silvics and its importance

UNIT 2 TREE IMPROVEMENT (8)2.1 Provenance tests2.2 Sources of variation (Biological and others).2.3 Seed production areas and seed stands 2.4 Plus and elite tree selection2.5 Seed Orchards (types establishment and management)2.6 BSO's in Nepal 2.7 Hybrids and Hybridization techniques 2.8 Vegetative propagation & Tree Improvement

UNIT 3 SILVICULTURE OF INDIGENOUS SPECIES (25)3.1 Terai: Shorea robusta, Dalbergia spp. (D. sissoo and D. latifolia), Acacia

catechu, Bombax ceiba, Adina cordifolia, Gmelina arborea, Terminalia spp. (T. tomentosa, T. belerica, T. chebula), Albizzia spp. (A. procera and A. lebbek), Anthocephalus chinensis,Azadirachta indica, Melia azadirach, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Ougenia dalbergoides, Cederella toona, Diospyros melanoxylon.

3.2 Mid Hills: Castanopsis spp. (C. indica, C. hystrix, C.tribuloides), Schima wallichii, Alnus nepalensis, Michelia champaca, Pinus roxburghi,i Quercus spp.,(Q. incana, Q. lamellose)

3.3 High Hills: P. wallichiana,, Juglans regia, Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana, Cedrus deodara, Taxus bacata, Juniperus sps., Cupressus spp. Tsuga dumosa, Betula utilis, Rhododendron spp. Q. semicarpifolia

3.4 Silviculture of Bamboo and rattan.

UNIT 4 SILVICULTURE OF EXOTIC SPECIES: (6)Eucalyptus spp., Tectona grandis, Populus spp. (P.deltoidea and P. ciliata), Acacia auriculiformis, Cassia Siamea, Cinnamomum camphora, Grevillea


robusta, Pinus spp. (Pinus patula and P. caribea), Casurina spp., Leucaena leucocephala.

UNIT 5 SILVICULTURE OF IMPORTANT FODDER SPECIES ( 9)Acacia nilotica, Artocarpus lakoocha, Bauninia Variegata, B. purpurea, Morus alba, Sesbania grandiflora, Ficus spps.( F. nemoralis and F. cunia), Garuga pinnata, Litsea monopetala

FIELD EXERCISE:

1. Plus tree selection (Excursion)2. Visit to BSO's (Excursion)3. Tissue culture (Field visit)4. Plant identification and preparation of herbaria of above mentioned tree

species will be done during excursions and field visits.


1. Silvics of the Trees of Nepal-B.P. Kayastha2. Manual of Afforestation in Nepal, Ist ed., 1987-J.K. Jackson3. Manual of Afforestation in Nepal, Ist ed., vol. 2, 1994-J.K. Jackson4. Silviculture of Indian Trees-R.S. Troup5. Applied Forest Tree Improvement: Bruce Zobel and John Talbort.


COURSE CODE: SFB 452COURSE TITLE: TREE PHYSIOLOGYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of this course, the students will:

1. Possess and be able to utilize a general knowledge of various physiological pro-cesses, which govern the growth and development of trees and forests in the re-generation and management of both natural and manmade forests.

2. Develop a stronger sense of curiosity through investigation.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course, the students will:

1. Be familiarized with the physiological processes i.e. photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, mineral nutrition, translocation, growth and development.

2. Demonstrate understanding of the mechanism and role of various physiological processes governing growth and development of trees.

3. Be able to apply their knowledge of tree physiology in silviculture and forest management.

4. Be exposed to procedures used to study physiological processes.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 The science of plant physiology1.2 Principles of plant physiology

UNIT 2 PHENOMENON OF WATER LOSS (4)2.1 Transpiration

2.1.1 Mechanism of transpiration2.1.2 Types of transpiration2.1.3 Mechanism of stomatal movement2.1.4 Role of transpiration2.1.5 Factors affecting the rate of transpiration

2.2 Guttation and bleeding

UNIT 3 ABSORPTION OF MINERAL SALTS (5)3.1 Root Hairs and Mycorrhizae3.2 Mechanims of passive absorption 3.3 Mechanism of active absorption3.4 Factors affecting salt absorption.

UNIT 4 TRANSLOCATION (8)4.1 Ascent of sap

4.1.1 Vital theories4.1.2 Physical force theories4.1.3 Root pressure and atmospheric pressure theories4.1.4 Cohesion tension theory

4.2 Translocation of mineral salts4.3 Translocation of organic food

(Phloem transport theories)


UNIT 5 PHOTOSYNTHESIS (5)5.1 Mechanism of photosynthesis5.2 Light reaction (Hill reaction)5.3 Dark reaction (Calvin's cycle or C-3 cycle)5.4 C-4 cycle5.5 CAM pathway

UNIT 6 RESPIRATION (5)6.1 Mechanism of respiration6.2 Glycolysis6.3 Fermentation6.4 Krbs' cycle6.5 Electron transport chain6.6 Pentose phosphate shunt

UNIT 7 NITROGEN METABOLISM (3)7.1 Concept of nitrogen fixation (Physical and Biological)7.2 Metabolism of Nitrite and Nitrate ions7.3 Transamination reaction

UNIT 8 PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT (5)8.1 Concept of growth and development8.2 Photoperiodism8.3 Vernalization8.4 Properties and role of Phytochrome8.5 The florigen concept

UNIT 9 SEED PHYSIOLOGY (3)9.1 Physiology of seed germination9.2 Seed dormancy and viability9.3 Methods of breaking seed dormancy

PRACTICAL

1. Measurement of rate of transpiration- Ganong's Potometer- Whole Plant weighing method

2. Experiments on photosynthesis- Experiments on respiration- Aerobic- Anaerobic

3. Effect of different pre-treatments on the rate of seed germination


1. Devlin, R.M., 1975. Plant Physiology, 3rd ed. Affiliated East West Press, New Delhi.

2. Leopold, A.C. and P.B. Krideman, 1975. Plant Growth and Development, 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, N.Y.


3. Noggle, G.R. and G.I. Fritz, 1976. Introductory Plant Physiology.4. Pandey, S.N. and B.K. Sinha, 1981. Plant Physiology, 3rd ed. Vikash Publishing

House, New Delhi.5. Salisbury, F.B. and C.W. Ross, 1978. Plant Physiology, 2nd ed. Wadsworth

Publishing Co., Belmont, California.6. Wilkins, M.B., 1967. Physiology of Plant Growth and Development. Tata

McGraw Hill, New Delhi.7. Wilkins, M.B., 1987. Advanced Plant Physiology, 1st ed. ELBS Longman

Group, UK.8. Tree Physiology by Kramer and Kozolosky


COURSE CODE: SFB 453COURSE TITLE: FOREST ECOLOGYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Students will gain the general knowledge about ecosystem plant- variability and diversities, forest environment etc.


1. Understand the fundamentals of ecology. 2. Describe the interactions and interrelationships between biotic and abiotic factors

and their relation to vegetation/forest growth.3. Apply this knowledge in the management of natural resources.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 General Introduction concept and application of forest ecology.

UNIT 2 ECOSYSTEM (8)2.1 Attributes of Ecosystem (Structure, function)2.2 Type of Ecosystems (Terrestrial, aquatic and deserts)2.3 Analysis of Ecosystem2.4 Ecosystem Productivity: Gross and net primary production2.5 Quantities assessment of biodiversity

UNIT 3 PLANT VARIABILITY AND DIVERSITY (6) 3.1 Phenotypic variation3.2 Genetics and the evolutionary sequence3.3 Gynecology: concept of the ecotype, ecophene and types of ecotype3.4 Ecological considerations at the species level

UNIT 4 AUTECOLOGY (WITH EMPHASIS ON THE FOREST ENVIRONMENT) (15)

5.1 Introduction to concept of site productivity and law of minimum5.2 Factors affecting ecosystems

5.2.1 The light5.2.2 The temperature5.2.3 The water: Evapo-transpiration, and Forests and water yield.5.2.4 Climate: General concepts and its role in vegetation development.5.2.5 The soil and its importance on vegetation5.2.6 The nutrient cycle

5.2.6.1 Nutrient input, accumulation and return5.2.6.2 Mineral cycling (N,P,K,C cycle) in the ecosystem

5.2.7 Fire: adaptations to it and wildlife habitat and fire5.2.8 The atmosphere5.2.9 The role of animals in ecosystems

5.2.9.1 Plant defense adaptation5.2.9.2 Damage in forest stands.


UNIT 5 SYNECOLOGY: THE STRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT FUNCTIONS AND CAUSE OF DISTRIBUTION OF PLANT COMMUNITIES (10)

5.1 Site5.1.1 Direct measurement of productivity5.1.2 Site index5.1.3 Plant indicators of site5.1.4 Environmental factors as a measure of site5.1.5 Multiple factor methods of site classification

5.2 Concepts of competition and survival5.2.1 Forest and grass communities, structure and diversity5.2.2 Plant communities and changes in the ecosystem5.2.3 Competition5.2.4 Tolerance5.2.5 Forest stand structure

5.3 Forest succession5.3.1 Stages of succession and causes of succession 5.3.2 Primary and secondary succession5.3.3 Natural succession within the forest5.3.4 The concept and type of climax5.3.5 Retrogation5.3.6 Mono, poly and climax pattern theories

5.4 Natural and artificial disturbances and their effects

UNIT 6 CARBON SEQUESTRATION (4) 6.1 Introduction, scope & importance6.2 Methods of measurement of carbon sequestration6.3 Basic concept of Kyoto protocol (carbon trade)

PRACTICAL

1. Estimation of biomass (leaf litter fodder, fuelwood- Production accumulation and decomposition)

2. Demonstration of intra and inter specific competition3. Observation of forest site – Terai and Hills forest.4. Observation of impact of abiotic factors on distribution of plants5. Ecological analysis of a forest stand: determination of sampling size, density,

frequency, dominance, IVI and biodiversity index6. Survey of forest structure and environment


1. S. Spurr and B.V. Barnes, Forest Ecology, 3rd ed. 1980. 2. Verma, P.S. and V.K. Agrawal, Cell Biology, Genetics and Ecology. 3rd ed.,

1976.3. Daubermire, Plants and Environment. 3rd ed. 4. Dept. of Medicinal Plants, Nepal: Flora of Langtang and Cross Section

Vegetation Survey (Central Zone). 1976. 5. Echerinyton, T.T., Environment and Plant Ecology, 1st ed., 1976.6. Kershaw K.A., Quantitative and Dynamic Plant Ecology, 3rd ed., 1973.


7. Kormondy E.J., Concepts of Ecology, 3rd ed., 1978. Prentice Hall.8. Myers W.L. and Ronald L.S. Wurvey, Methods for Ecosystem Management.

1981. 9. Odum E.P., Fundamentals of Ecology, 3rd ed., 1971. 10. Smith, R.L., Ecology and Field Biology, 2nd ed., 1972.11. Stainton, J.D.A., Forests of Nepal, 1st ed., 1972.


COURSE CODE: SFM 454COURSE TITLE: FOREST ECONOMICSFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to apply useful economic theories in the collection of quantitative information for analysis and use in the decision-making process regarding natural resource management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate familiarity with applied economic theories for the functioning of economic systems and assessing natural resource-related projects.

2. Apply economic evaluation techniques to be effective natural resource managers.

3. Utilize skills in market analysis and market management for forest products.4. Use quantitative valuation techniques of non-market goods. 5. Analyze forest product demands and consumption trends.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Concept and Scope of Forest resource economics1.2 Economic history of forest management and conservation

UNIT 2 THEORY OF OPTIMIZATION (15)2.1 Treatment of time on production

2.1.1 Time value of money: Interest rate, (market and real) and discount rate2.1.3 Social interest rates and its effects on production

2.2 Production of renewable natural resources2.3 Economic method of multiple production2.4 Linear programming (graphical + simplex method with duality)2.5 Management planning for the firm

2.5.1 Forecasting parameters of a firm (input-output & products)2.5.2 Planning method for firm

UNIT 3 MARKETING FOR FOREST PRODUCTS (7)3.1 Determinants of demand for forest product3.2 Measuring elasticity of forest product demand 3.3 Derived demand by a firm3.4 Measuring demand for non market goods3.5 Approaches to marketing (functional institutional and commodity)

UNIT 4 VALUATION OF FOREST & RELATED NON-MARKET RESOURCES (10)

4.1 Recreation valuation4.2 Valuation of environmental quality including biological diversity 4.3 Forest stumpage 4.4 Concept of shadow pricing and shadow wages rate4.5 Non-market valuation


4.5.1 Option value4.5.2 Existence value4.5.3 Use value

UNIT 5 PROJECT FORMULATION AND EVALUATION (11)5.1 Stages of project formulation

5.1.1 Pre-investment stage5.1.1.1 Identification5.1.1.2 Preparation & feasibility5.1.1.3 Market, technical, financial, economic, operational aspect5.1.1.4 Appraisal: NPV, Benefit cost ratio, land expectation value, IRR –

economic rate of return and financial rate of return5.1.1.5 Financing

5.1.2 Investment and design5.1.2.1 Project implementation

5.1.3 Post investment stage5.1.3.1 Operation and evaluation

5.2 Project evaluation5.2.1 Meaning and methods5.2.2 Cost effectiveness analysis5.2.3 Planning programming and budgeting5.2.4 Benefit cost analysis its use and limitation5.2.5 Socio-economic and political impact5.2.6 Risk and Uncertainty in forest investment: Risk management, decision

making with uncertainty

UNIT 6 WELFARE ECONOMICS (5)6.1 Externalities 6.2 Public goods6.3 Pegouvian theory6.4 Pareto optimality6.5 Investment in natural resources and its development in Nepal

CASE STUDIES

1. Working on compounding and discounting.2. Profit maximization with linear programming.3. Planning of a forest products producing firm.4. Non-market goods demand analysis.5. Market study-functional, institutional and commodity approaches.6. Formulating a forestry project.7. Evaluation of a forestry project.8. Valuation of forest and stumpage.


1. Duerr, William A., Fundamentals of Forestry Economics. New York: McGraw Hill, 1960.

2. Gregory, R., Forest Resource Economics. New York: Ronald Press, 1972.


3. Randall, Alan, Natural Resource Economics. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1981.

4. Little I.M.D. and J.A. Mirrlees, Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries. Arnold Hunemam Publishers India. Pvt. Ltd., 1974, 388 pp.

5. FAO, 1979. Economic analysis of Forestry Project. Forestry Papers 17-1, 17-2.

6. Price, Colin. The Theory and Application of Forest Economics. Basil Blackwell Ltd., 108 Cowley Road, Oxford, OX4 1JF, UK. 1989, 315 pp.

7. Ahmed V. and Michael Bamberger, 1990. Monitoring and Evaluating Development Projects. The South Asian Experience, The World Bank, Washington D.C. EDI Seminar Series. 91 pp.

8. Nautiyal, J.C., Forest Economics, Principles and Applications. Natras Publishers, Dehra Dun. Published by Upendra Arora for Natras Publishers, 1988. 580 pp.

9. Hufschmidt, Maynard M., D.E.James, A.D. Meister, Blair T. Bower, J.A. Dixon, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, 1983. 328pp. (Title of book??)

10. Master plan for the forestry sector.11. Five years development plan of Nepal (panchbarshiya yojana)12. National conservation strategy.13. Leushner, William A., Introduction to Forest Resource Management, John

Wiley and Sons.


COURSE CODE: WME 455COURSE TITLE: FOREST HYDROLOGYFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to understand the concept of the hydrologic cycle and be able to apply hydrologic knowledge in natural resources planning and management.


1. Demonstrate a working knowledge of the components of hydrologic cycle.2. Understand and use the knowledge and skills of using different hydrologic

variables.3. Understand various meteorological factors affecting the hydrologic cycle.4. Evaluate and understand the effects of forest rangeland, and agricultural lands

in the hydrology of the area.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Hydrology and hydrologic cycle1.2 Other related sciences or branches of hydrology1.3 Man's influence on the hydrologic cycle1.4 Importance of hydrologic knowledge in natural resource planning

UNIT 2 METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE (8)

2.1 Structure and composition of the atmosphere2.2 Weather, climate meteorology and climatology2.3 Solar radiation, and its functions2.4 Absorption and reradiation of energy by land and water2.5 Atmospheric circulation: pressure gradient, coriolis and gravitational

forces2.6 Cyclones, anticyclones, jet streams, fronts, and weather patterns2.7 Weather elements: temperature, humidity, wind, and atmospheric

pressure2.8 Measurement of weather elements: data gathering instruments and

their use

UNIT 3 PRECIPITATION (6)3.1 Atmospheric and topographical factors influencing precipitation types3.2 Measurement of precipitation data (rainfall and snowfall) instruments

and their use.3.3 Methods of computing equivalent uniform depth of precipitation over a

watershed3.4 Rainstorm characteristics3.5 Depth-area-duration analysis

UNIT 4 EVAPORATION AND EVAPOTRANSPIRATION (5)


4.1 Factors affecting evaporation and evapotranspiration4.2 Measurement of evaporation and evapotranspiration-equipment

and techniques: anemometer, evaporation pan, lysimeter etc.4.3 Computational methods for estimating evaporation, and

evapotranspiration: mass transfer, energy, transfer, Thornthwaite and Blaney Criddle formula

4.4 Control of evapotranspiration

UNIT 5 INFILTRATION AND INFILTRATION CAPACITY (3)5.1 Definitions and concepts5.2 Factors affecting infiltration capacity5.3 Measurement and estimation of infiltration capacity: infiltrometer, soil

moisture depletion

UNIT 6 SOIL WATER AND GROUNDWATER (5)6.1 Definition and concepts6.2 Energy of water in soil6.3 Soil moisture and its measurement6.4 Soil water movement6.5 Ground water recharge and discharge6.6 Ground water in Nepal6.7 Ground water flow

UNIT 7 RUNOFF AND STREAM FLOW (8)7.1 Definition and concepts of runoff-process7.2 Variable source area concept7.3 Factors affecting runoff7.4 Measurement of runoff: equipment and techniques7.5 Computational methods of estimating runoff7.6 Hydrographs7.7 Unit hydrograph and S-hydrograph: theory and application7.8 Flood forecasting: flood routing

UNIT 8 WATER QUALITY (3)8.1 Measures of water quality8.2 Natural water quality8.3 Polluted water8.4 Collection of water samples

UNIT 9 HYDROLOGY OF FOREST & RANGELANDS, AGRICULTURAL LANDS (4)

9.1 Effects of forest and rangeland, and agricultural land on soil moisture, infiltration, ground water and stream flow

9.2 Effects of forest rangeland and agricultural land on water quality and stream flow

PROBLEM SOLVING AND FIELD EXERCISE

1. Field trips to visit and understand the meteorological station layout and the equipment.


2. Field trip to visit and understand river gauging stations.3. Exercises in measuring precipitation and other weather elements.4. Exercise in measuring stream flow.5. Problem solving sessions on -

5.1. Time series, moving mean, double mass analysis5.2. Frequency, return period5.3. Average rainfall over a watershed and missing precipitation5.4. Evapotranspiration5.5. Infiltration and soil moisture5.6. Rational formula, Manning-Chezy formula etc.5.7. Unit hydrograph5.8. Ground water


1. Hewlett, John D., Principles of Forest Hydrology. 2. Linsley, Paulhus and Kohler, Hydrology for Engineers. 3. Shultz, Problems in Applied Hydrology.4. Franzini, Water Resources Engineering.5. Dunne and Leopold, Water in Environmental Planning.6. Sharma, A Textbook of Hydrology and Water Resources.7. Garg, Water Resources and Hydrology.8. Varshney, Engineering Hydrology.9. Subramanyam, Engineering Hydrology.10. Barry and Chorley, Atmosphere, Weather and Climate.11. Bruce and Clark, Introduction to Hydrometeorology.


COURSE CODE: SFM 456COURSE TITLE: FOREST MENSURATIONFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the student will have knowledge and skills of measuring forest products and forest area.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Determine the volume of both standing and felled trees.2. Prepare Biomass and volume table and use them.3. Understand and explain the form of trees.4. Execute different methods of sampling and inventory in the field.5. Determine growth of trees as well as stands. 6. Understand and explain growth and yield relationships using different models.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (4)1.1 Definition and scope of forest mensuration. 1.2 Bias, accuracy and precision

UNIT 2 MEASUREMENT OF TREES (8)2.1 Diameter Measurement

2.1.1 DBH measurement and its significance.2.1.2 Rules of DBH measurement and instruments used.

2.2 Height Measurement2.2.1 Principles of the height measurement

2.2.1.1 Trigonometrical principles2.2.1.1.1 Tangent law2.2.1.1.2 Sine Law

2.2.1.2 Principles of Similar Triangle.2.2.2 Measurement of height of (vertical & leaning) tree in plane and slope

areas.2.2.3 Instruments used in height measurement2.2.4 Sources of errors in height measurement

2.3 Measurement of Logs and Fuelwood2.3.1 Measurement of length, diameter and sectional area of logs.2.3.2 Formulae for log volume calculation. 2.3.3 Volume of stacked timber2.3.4 Dimension and volume of chatta (stacked fuelwood)

UNIT 3 MEASUREMENT OF FORM (4)3.1 Form factor and its types3.2 Form quotient and its types3.3 Taper table and formulae

UNIT 4 VOLUME AND BIO-MASS OF TREES AND PRODUCTS (7)4.1 Volume tables

4.1.1 Types of volume tables


4.1.2 Preparation of Local Volume Table (graphical and regression technique)

4.1.3 Preparation of General Volume Table (regression technique)4.1.4 Difference between LVTand GVT.

4.2 Bio-mass table and equation 4.2.1 Root, leaf, stem and branch bio-mass4.2.2 Different bio-mass equations.

UNIT 5 FOREST SAMPLING AND INVENTORY (15)5.1 Definition and scope of sampling5.2 Types of sampling

5.2.1 Simple random sampling5.2.2 Stratified random sampling

a. Proportional allocation of field plotsb. Optimum allocation of field plots

5.2.3 Systematic random sampling5.3 Inventory

5.3.1 Introduction and scope5.3.2 Strip system of cruising5.3.3 Line plot system of cruising5.3.4 Inventory with point sampling (Horizontal & Vertical)5.3.5 Inventory of important NTFP found in Terai, Mid-hills and High

Mountain, in each locality.5.3.6 Use of Aerial photographs in forest inventory

a. Types of aerial photographsb. Photo interpretation & technical termsc. Forest classificationd. Area determination e. Volume estimation

UNIT 6 GROWTH PREDICTION (6)6.1 Diameter growth 6.2 Basal area and volume growth 6.3 Stand growth 6.4 Current Annual Increment (CAI) and Mean Annual Increment (MAI)6.5 Stand structure, site quality and yield6.6 Stump analysis, stem analysis

UNIT 7 GROWTH AND YIELD (7)7.1 Growth and yield of even aged forest7.2 Growth and yield of uneven aged forest7.3 Different growth and yield modeling approaches (introduction only)

7.3.1 Stand table projection7.3.2 Whole stand modeling7.3.3 Individual tree modeling

7.3.3.1 Distance dependent7.3.3.2 Distance independent

7.4 Application of growth and yield models7.5 Yield table


PRACTICAL (Field 2 lab. hrs for each of the two groups).

1. Diameter and height measurement2. Form factor estimation 3. Preparation of Local Volume Table4. Preparation of General Volume Table5. Random sampling6. Stratified random sampling7. Strip system of cruising8. Line plot method of cruising9. Inventory with point sampling10. Growth predictions (CAI and MAI)11. Preparation of site index curves


1. Avery, Thomas Eugene, and Harold E. Burkhart, Forest Measurements.2. Hush, Bertram, Charles I. Miller, and Thomas W. Beers, Forest Mensuration.3. Chaturvedi, A.N., and L.S. Khanna. Forest Mensuration. 4. Davis and Johnson, Forest Management.


COURSE CODE: WME 457 COURSE TITLE: SOIL SCIENCEFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On the completion of this course, the students will have a basic understanding of soil composition, properties, and interpretation of soil as well as effect of manure and fertilizer on soil.


1. Identify physical, biological properties of the soil and understand their effect on soil

2. Understand the effect of manure and fertilizer on soil and plant growth. 3. Understand aerobic and anaerobic process and microbes on soil.4. Understand the soil development and classification.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL SCIENCE (4)1.1 Concept of soil (Edaphological and Pedological)1.2 Soil as a medium for plant growth

UNIT 2 SOIL PROPERTIES (8)2.1 Physical properties: texture, structure, color, moisture, temperature,

porosity, density (Review only).2.2 Chemical Properties

2.2.1 PH and its relationship with nutrients uptake.2.2.2 Buffering of soils, CEC (Cation Exchange Capacity) and anion exchange and absorption2.2.3 Control of soil acidity - liming materials.

2.3. Biological properties2.4 Soil - plant interrelationship

UNIT 3 SOIL ORGANIC MATTER (4)3.1 Humus formation and characteristics3.2 Amount and distribution of organic matter in soil and their function.

UNIT 4 SOIL MACRO AND MICROBIAL SYSTEM (8) 4.1 Microbial population of the soil4.2 Process of aerobic and anaerobic organisms4.3 Role of algae, fungi, actinomycetes, protozoa and bacteria on soil4.4 Role of earthworm, termites, ants, and nematodes on soil

UNIT 5 SOIL GENESIS (3)5.1 Soil forming factors 5.2 Soil Development Process5.3 Development of Soil horizons

UNIT 6 SOIL CLASSIFICATION (8)6.1 Introduction, Purpose and Principles,


6.2 Soil classification systems (including FAO/UNESCO Legend)6.3 Soil Taxonomy6.4 Soil Order6.5 Soils found in Nepal

6.5.1 Characteristics of Soils in Nepal6.5.2 Soil Types (Alluvial, Colluvial, Lacustrine, etc,)

UNIT 7 SOIL INTERPRETATION (3) 7.1 The soil survey report and its utilization 7.2 Land capability classification system 7.3 Purpose and value of soil maps

UNIT 8 PLANT NUTRIENTS, MANURE AND FERTILIZER (7)8.1 Essential nutrients (macro and microelements) and their functions for plant

growth.8.2 Types of manure and fertilizer8.3 Fertilizer and its effect on environment8.4 Green manure and bio-fertilizers production & their importance in Nepal8.5 Soil Management for 21st Century.

PRACTICAL (10 X 2 = 20 Period)

1. Soil pedon description2. Soil sampling and preparation of soil monolith3. Particle size determination 4. Soil pH determination5. Soil moisture determination and field capacity6. Soil organic matter, N.P.K. (Analysis)7. Fertilizer estimation for particular crops 8. To study Soil profile, & properties of soil (Physical & chemical properties)(Note: Make necessary arrangement for NPK analysis in the lab.)

TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES:

1. Baver, L.D., W.H. Gardener, and W.R. Gardener, 1972. Soil Physics. 4 th Edition. John wiley and Sons, NY.

2. Brandy,.... Nature and Property of Soils.3. Buol, S.W., F.D. hole and R.J. McCracken, 1989, Soil Genesis and

Classification. The Iowa State University Press, Ames.4. Carson, b., 1992. the Land, the Farmer and the Future: A Soil Fertility

Strategy for Nepal.5. Fyth, Henry D., 19?? Fundamentals of Soil Science6. Howell, J.H., 1986. f.S.R.O., Soil Technical Note No. 5 F.S.R.O. Guidelines

for Soil Profile Description.7. Jenny, Hans, 1941. Factors of Soil formation. CcGraw-Hill Book Co. New

York.8. Klute, A., ( Edited) 1986. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part I, 2nd ed., Agronomy

Mongraph 9, Madison, WI.9. Lal, Ratan and D.J. Greenland (eds.), 1979. soil Physical Properties and Crop

Production in the Tropics. Jolm Wiley and Sons, U.K.


10. Lal, Ratan, 1996. Methods and Guidelines for Assessing Sustainable Use of Soil and Water Resources in the Tropics. Scientific Publishers, P.O. box 91, Jodhpur, India.

11. Lee, K.E., 1985. Earthworm: Their Ecology and Relationshjips with Soils and landuse Academic Press, London, U.K.

12. LRMP, 1986. Geological Reoprt. Land Resource Mapping Projects, Kathmandu.

13. LRMP, 1986. Land Capability Report. Land Resource mapping Project, Kathmandu.

14. Samual N. Namowitz and Donald B. Stone, 199? Earth Science.15. Sanchez, Pedro, A., 1976. Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics.

John Wiley and Sons, New York.16. Soil Survey manual. Revise Edition. All India Soil and Landuse Survey

Organization, I. a. R. I., New Delhi, India17. Soil Survey Staff, 1962. Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Department Agriculture

handbook 18 U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.18. Soil Survey Staff, 1975. Soil taxonomy. U.S. Department Agriculture

handbook 436. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington19. Sthapit, K.M., 1987. Land Capability Classification. Watershed Planning

Manual No. 4. Watershed Management Project, Department of Soil conservation, Kathmandu.

20. Sthapit, K.M., 1989. Sloil Mapping Handbook Watershed Planning Manual No. 3. Watershed Management Project, Department of Soil conservation, Kathmandu.

21. IRRI, 1991. Biological Nitrogen Fixation for Sustainable Agriculture.


Course Code: FPE 501Course Title: FOREST ENGINEERINGFull Marks: 50 Theory: 40 Practical: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of this course, students will have the basic engineering background necessary to work with simple engineering structures in natural resource planning and management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, students will be able to:

1. Align and supervise forest roads and trails.2. Design and supervise the construction of retaining structures for Natural

Resource Conservation.3. Design and construct Forest Houses.4. Calculate the quantities of materials for Resource conservation in situ and

estimate the cost.

UNIT 1 ALIGNMENT, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF FOREST ROADS, TRAILS AND SIMPLE BRIDGES (20)

1.1 Forest road alignment and surveys 1.1.1 Alignment requirement1.1.2 Factors controlling alignment (in brief)1.1.3 Steps in a new road project work

1.2 Design and construction of forest roads and it's importance1.3 Introduction to Forest Road Parameters:

1.3.1 Cross-section of Road in cutting and filling1.3.2 Camber, it's type, recommended value of camber for different road

surface, providing camber in the field1.3.3 Super elevation (Cant), including simple procedure for super elevation

design.1.3.4 Extra widening, it's types1.3.5 Sight Distance, it's types and Sight distance consideration1.3.6 Gradient, it's type1.3.7 Curves, it's types

1.4 Factors controlling geometric design of roads1.5 Road construction: Introduction, type of road construction

1.5.1 Earthen road1.5.2 Graveled road

1.6 Base course design (thickness design, CBR method)1.7 Road sub grade soil

1.7.1 Significance of sub grade soil1.7.2 Characteristics of soil1.7.3 Desirable properties1.7.4 Soil moisture, dry density and soil strength (OMC)

1.8 Special consideration of hill roads (a typical example of hill road showing all components of the road)

1.9 Failure and Maintenance of road:1.9.1 Need for maintenance


1.9.2 General causes of pavement failure and maintenance (Earth road & WBM)

1.9.3 Classification of maintenance work.1.10 Stabilization of road – Introduction, objective and various techniques

of soil stabilization.1.11 Bridges: Definition, Importance of bridges, selection of bridge sites,

component of bridges , Loads on the bridges, types of forest bridge (Girder, suspension, cantilever )

UNIT 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF ROAD SIDE DRAINAGE RETAINING WALLS AND BREAST WALLS (6)

2.1 Definitions of road drainage and its importance2.2 Types of road side drainage (rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular and circular)2.3 Design of longitudinal drains for peak run off with numerical example.2.4 Retaining wall & Breast wall: Definition, type2.5 Design and construction procedure of retaining walls2.6 Stability analysis of retaining walls

UNIT 3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURE OF FOREST HOUSES/COTTAGES (10)

3.1 Site selection criteria and orientation of a building3.2 Building components: definition and types (walls, doors, windows, lintels,

roofs, water supply and sanitation systems)3.3 Structural engineering principles3.4 Define: Forces, stresses, moments and reactions3.5 Analysis of simply supported structures with different loading (with BMD and

SFD)3.6 Wood and R.C.C construction: allowable stress, wooden beam design, wooden

column design, foundation and footing with simple numerical example (spread footing).

UNIT 4 SESMIC RESISTANCE PARAMETERS IN BUILDINGS (3)4.1 Adube buildings4.2 Masonry building in cement mortar4.3 Framed building

UNIT 5 ESTIMATION AND COSTING (4)5.1 Estimation and costing for two roomed forest guard house.5.2 Estimation and costing for retaining walls, breast walls and check dams (dry

stone, gabion and brick or stone masonry with cement sand mortar)5.3 Estimating Earthwork, (forest roads, trails and side drains)5.4 Factors affecting the cost of a construction projects.


1. Cost estimation of 2 roomed building =2 x 2 = 4hrs2. Cost estimate of retaining wall, check dam (gravity type) =2 x 2 = 4

hrs3. Cost estimation of earthwork of forest road construction =1 x 2 = 2

hrs


4. Field observation of road components =2 x 2 = 4 hrs

-------------------- Total = 12 hrs.


1. Building Construction, Dr. Sushil Kumar2. Soil Conservation, Norman and Hudsan.3. Soil Conservation and Land Management, S.K.Dutta.4. Civil Engineering Drawing.5. Building Construction, Sharma and Kaul.6. R.C.C., B.C. Punmia or Sushil Kumar7. Forest Engineering, N.J. Masani.8. Highway Engineering, Justo & Khanna9. Highway Engineering, S. K. Sharma and C.E.G. Gusto10. R.B.T. Engineering, B.L.Gupta.11. Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering, B. N. Dutta12. A Course in Highway Engineering, S. P. Bindra13. A Text Book of Transportation Engineering, S. P. Chandola15. Nepal Standard Norms, HMG16. Standard Handbook in Civil Engineering, Gurucharan Singh17. Bulletins of National Society for Earthquake Technology (NSET)18. Masonry and Timber Structures, A. S. Arya19. Nepal Road Standards, HMG, Dept. of Roads.20. National Building Code of Nepal, HMG.21. Estimating and Costing, M. Chakraborty.22. Engineering Materials, Surendra Singh23. Engineering Materials, Gurucharan Singh24. Engineering Materials, Bharat Singh25. Building Construction, Gurucharan Singh26. Treausre of RCC Designs, Dr. Sushil Kumar27. Railway Bridge and Tunnels, V.N. Vaziranl, S.P. Chandola


COURSE CODE: SFM 502COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY BASED FOREST MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of this course, the students will possess an in-depth knowledge and skills of social forestry concepts and practices as per the needs of and suitability of the country.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Discuss the genesis of the social forestry discipline in the world in general, and in Nepal.

2. Describe the principles of social forestry as applied to the needs of developing countries.

3. Analyze the factors involved in the development of social forestry in Nepal.4. Describe and discuss different types, models and practices of social forestry in

Nepal.5. Present case studies of typical production systems generated by social forestry

interventions.6. Describe the problems and prospects of social forestry in Nepal.7. Advise user groups on designing and implementing social forestry projects.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (22)1.1 Concept of CBFM 1.2 Evolution of CBFM1.3 Global Practices of CBFM

1.3.1 Social Forestry, Village forestry, Joint Forest Management, Collaborative forest managementDegree of people’s involvement (Any 3 countries)

1.3 CBFM in Nepal 1.4.1 Community forestry 1.4.2 Leasehold forestry 1.4.3 Buffer zone community forestry1.4.4 Conservation area management committee1.4.5 Collaborative forest management1.4.6 Private Forestry (e.g. agro forestry, farm forestry)1.4.7 Religious Forestry

1.5 Compare and contrast of different CBFM practices in Nepal

UNIT 2 PRINCIPLES AND PROCESS OF CBFM (6)2.1 Common design principles in CBFM 2.2 Indigenous knowledge of forest management (Mixing technical forestry with

peoples knowledge- A practical forestry for future)2.3 Power analysis - Right, Responsibility, Return and Risk (4 R) in relation of

CBFM

UNIT 3 PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CBFM (4)3.1 Case study – National- one case


UNIT 4 ASSESSMENT OF CBFM IN NEPAL (11)4.1 Assessment of organizational development stages (Forming, Storming,

Norming, Performing, Adjoining, and Transforming)4.2 Assessment tools

4.2.1 Organizational Analysis 4.2.2 Appreciative Inquiry4.2.3 Strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats/limitations

SWOT/L 4.2.4 Spider Web Tool

4.3 Application of Tools in CBFM 4.3.1 Buffer zone community forestry4.3.2 Collaborative forest management4.3.3 Public and private forestry4.3.4 Sub-watershed community4.3.5 Community forestry

UNIT 5 APPLICATION OF GOVERNANCE IN CF (8)5.1 Participation, transparency and accountability5.2 Access to resources and benefit sharing5.3 Decision making process5.4 Communication and information flow system5.5 Gender, diversity, social equity and social inclusion (women, poor,

marginalized, ethnic groups)5.6 Participatory monitoring, public audit and reporting

UNIT 6 GOVERNANCE IN CBFM (4)6.1 Major elements of good governance

6.1.1 Participation6.1.2 Transparency6.1.3 Accountability6.1.4 Predictability6.1.5 Responsiveness6.1.6 Rule of Law6.1.7 Efficiency and Effectiveness

6.2 Equity, Gender and Social inclusion (women, poor, marginalized, ethnic groups)

6.3 Communication and information flow system 6.4 Actors of Governance and their roles (State, Civil Society and Private sectors)

UNIT 7 SUSTAINABILITY OF CBFM 7.1 Criteria and indicators (Millennium Development Goals- MDG,

Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PRSP)7.2 Forest Certification – Process- International Clarifies Involved

EXERCISE

1. Case study on analysis of an institution related to forestry 2. Case study on watershed community 3. Analysis of gender and social equity of forestry institution4. Prepare a case study of good governance on CBFM (any one) of Nepal



1. The Community Tool Box, Community Forestry Field Manual 2, FAO/FTP Publications.

2. Community and Forestry: Continuities in the Sociology of Natural Resources. Robert Lee et al; International Book Distributors, Dehradun.

3. Readings in Social Forestry and Natural Resources Management for Nepal, HMG Ministry of Agriculture-Winrock International/IOF Project.

4. Sustainable and Effective Management Systems for Community Forestry, RECOFTC, Bangkok, Report No.9.

5. Field Research Methods Vol.1, Diagnostic Tools for SupportingJoint Forest Management Systems. Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development, New Delhi, India.

6. Field Research Methods Vol.2, Community Forestry Economy and Use Patterns, PRA Methods in South Gujrat, Joint Forest Management Systems. Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development, New Delhi, India.

7. Social Science Applications for Asian Agroforestry, William Burch and K. Parker. South Asia Publications, Delhi. Oxford – IBH and Winrock International.

8. Forest User Groups in Nepal, Messerschmidt and Richard, IOFP Technical Paper.

9. Field Manuals for Community and Private Forestry, CFDD Publications (4 volumes).


COURSE CODE: SFB 503COURSE TITLE: FOREST PROTECTIONFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course students will gain the general knowledge about basic forest protection, forest entomology, forest pathology etc.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Explain different factors harmful to a forest and seedlings in the nurseries.2. Describe various methods (protective and preventive) to control damaging

agents.3. Describe the life history and characteristics of harmful insects and diseases

damaging some of principal species in the natural forest or plantation.

SECTION A - BASIC PROTECTION

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE OF FOREST PROTECTION (1)

1.1 Role of forest protection1.2 Difficulties in forest protection

UNIT 2 PROTECTION AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC AGENCIES (2)2.1 Temperature 2.2 Frost 2.3 Drought 2.4 Rainfall 2.5 Wind 2.6 Smoke & poisonous gas2.7 Lighting

UNIT 3 PROTECTION AGAINST DAMAGE CAUSED BY HUMANS (3)3.1 Deforestation3.2 Encroachment3.3 Shifting cultivation practices3.4 Illegal felling3.5 Heavy constructions inside forest lands3.6 Defective forest policies

UNIT 4 FOREST FIRES AND CONTROL MEASURES (4)4.1 Causes of fires4.2 Classification of fires4.3 Damage by fire4.3 Factors Influencing the spread & severity of forest fire4.4 Prevention and control methods (mechanical, biological, social and

educational)4.6 Rehabilitation of burnt areas


4.7 Beneficial effects of fires (as management tool

UNIT 5 PROTECTION AGAINST GRAZING (2)5.1 Forest grazing intensity5.2 Physical effect: Effect of grazing, Effect on reproduction, Effect of fire

control, Benefit versus injurious from grazing5.3 Regulation of forest grazing 5.4 Protection from grazing by wild animals (Deer, Porcupine, Rabbits, Squirrels)5.5 Damage by birds

UNIT 6 PROTECTION AGAINST INJURIOUS PLANT (1)6.1 Weeds, climbers & Phenerogamic parasite6.2 Excessive number of the plants

SECTION B - FOREST ENTOMOLOGY

UNIT 7 PROTECTION AGAINST INSECT DAMAGE (5)7.1 Introduction: concept of forest entomology7.2 General harmful characteristics of insects7.3 Damage to forest resources7.4 Development and metamorphosis of insects

7.4.1 Post embryonic development7.4.2 Metamorphosis7.4.3 Types of insect larvae-pupae

7.5 Insect control7.5.1 Applied control (chemical, mechanical, silvicultural, biological and

legal)7.5.2 natural control (climate, typography, predators, parasites, insect

diseases)7.6. Nursery pests

UNIT 8 LIFE CYCLES AND CONTROL OF IMPORTANT FOREST INSECTS (10)

8.1 Order Coleoptera8.1.1 Curculionidae (Sissoo leaf-roller)8.1.2 Bostrichidae (bamboo borer)8.1.3 Bostrychidae (Sissoo bark borer)8.1.4 Scarabaeidae (Cockchafers)8.1.5 Platypodidae (Chairpine borer)8.1.6 Scolytidae (Conifers bark beetle)8.1.7 Cerambycidae (Sal borer)

8.2 Order Lepidoptera8.2.1 Geometridae (deodar defoliator)8.2.2 Hyblaeidae (Teak Defoliator)8.2.3 Noctuidae (Greasy cutworm and sissoo defoliator)8.2.4 Pyralidae (Teak sceletoniser)8.2.5 Oecophoridae (Simal shoot borer)

8.3 Order orthoptera


8.3.1 Grallidae (Crickets)8.4 Order Isoptera

8.4.1 Termitidae (White ants)

SECTION C - FOREST PATHOLOGY

UNIT 9 PLANT DISEASE SYMPTOM AND CONTROL MEASURES (4)9.1 Plant diseases: symptoms, effects9.2 Host-parasite relationship9.3 Forest disease control9.4 Factors affecting epiphytology of a disease and its control

UNIT 10 PROTECTION AGAINST DAMAGE BY DISEASES (10)10.1 Classification of forest tree diseases (root diseases, heart diseases, wilt

diseases)10.2 Concept on pythium, polyporous, Fomes, Ganoderma, Poria, Lenzites,

Fuszrium, Armillarea, and their control10.3 Symptoms, pathogenic organisms, mode of infection, Life cycle and

control measures for: Sal, Sissoo, Khair, Teak, Poplars, Eucalyptus, Chir Pine, Blue Pine, Deodar, Utis.

PRACTICALS

1. Regions of insect body (Simple and compound eyes, types of antenna, mouth parts and legs)

2. Study of external morphology with help of slides and set specimens of honey bee, silk worm, house fly, mosquito, and other common insects.

3. Visit local nursery and nearby forest to study the insects, pests, and diseases symptoms and their control.

4. Identification of important insect orders and families.5. Collection and preservation of insects and fungi.6. Identification of important diseases of forest trees.7. Histo-pathological study of diseased plant material.


1. Forest Protection, L.S. Khanna.2. Forest Pathology, B.K. Bakshi.3. The Ecology and Control of Forest Insects of India and Neighboring countries,

C.F.C. Beeson.4. Plantation Forestry in the Temperate Regions, Peter Savil and Julian Evans.5. Principles of Forest Entomology, S.A. Graham and F.B. Knight.6. Forest Protection – Ralph C. Howley & Paul W. Shilkel, John wiley & sons

Inc N.Y. Champman & hall Ltd. London7. Forest Ecology – Spurr & Barnes (1880)


COURSE CODE: WME 504COURSE TITLE: AIR PHOTO INTERPRETATION AND PHOTOGRAMMETRYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: After completion of this course students will gain the general knowledge about aerial photography, principles of photography, photographic measurements etc.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand fundamentals of aerial photos and photogrammetry and use them for different measurement purposes.

2. Interpret aerial photographs for natural resources planning and management. 3. Prepare flight plans and to understand the use and application of aerial

photographs in preparing management plan.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY (4)1.1 Definition and scope1.2 Development of Aerial Photography1.3 Types of Aerial Photographs and their use in natural resources management

UNIT 2 PRINCIPLE OF PHOTOGRAPHY (6)2.1 Development of camera2.2 Types of Aerial Camera, main parts of frame Aerial Camera, Camera

calibration2.3 Relation between aperture and shutter speed, lens quality lateral

magnification, depth of field.2.4 Photographic films and filters

UNIT 3 PHOTOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS (8)3.1 Geometry of aerial photographs measurement of photo coordinates3.2 Refinement of measured image co-ordinates

3.2.1 Shrinkage and expansion3.2.2 Radial lens distortion3.2.3 Atmospheric effects 3.2.4 Earth curvature

3.3 Other measurements3.3.1. Scale determination3.3.2. Horizontal distance3.3.3. Height and slope3.3.4. Area and bearings

UNIT4 STEREOSCOPIC VIEWING/INTERPRETATION OF AERIAL PHOTOS (5)

4.1. Stereoscopes and their uses


4.2. Depth of perception, conditions for viewing photos stereoscopically, causes of y parallax and vertical exaggeration

4.3. Monoscopic and stereoscopic method of parallax measurement, principle of floating marks.

4.4. Preparation of aerial photos for photo interpretation, object recognition, 4.5 Element of photo interpretation and various steps involved in aerial photo

interpretation

UNIT 5 MAPPING WITH VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS (6)5.1. Introduction to vertical aerial photographs5.2. Planimetric mapping by direct tracing (Orthophoto), radial line triangulation

fundamentals of radial line triangulation, graphic method of radial line triangulation, pass point, control points, three point resection.

5.3. Ground Controls for Aerial Photos (horizontal and vertical) flight planning and specifications for Aerial photos (scale, side lap/end lap, tilt crab, draft, time, weather condition, season etc.)

5.4. GPS application in aerial photography

UNIT 6 APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS (8)6.1. Forest interpretation

6.1.1. Vegetation classification6.1.2. Species identification6.1.3. Forest inventory including determination of % crown cover6.1.4. Road location and layout for harvesting units

UNIT 7 APPLICATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS IN OTHER AREAS (8)

7.1. Geological interpretation (emphasis on rock types, drainage pattern)7.2. Soil interpretation7.3. Water resource application7.4. Environmental impacts assessment application

PRACTICAL (10 X 2 = 20 PERIOD)

1. Familiarization with aerial photographs2. Establishment of photo coordination and their measurements (pp, cpp, fiducial

marks)3. Refinement of measurement [photo coordinate by adjusting for shrinkage and

expansion of paper Aps4. Prepare Aps for photo interpretation (pp,cpp, fiducial mark, effective area)5. Use stereoscope to measure parallax for elements of height of trees6. Determination of crown closure crown density, trees heights, forest areas and

scale etc.7. Prepare planimetric map by radial line triangulation method8. Flight planning exercise



1. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Thomas M. Lillesand and Ralph W. Kiefer, John Wiley and Sons.

2. Text book of Photogrammetry, K. K. Rampal 3. Aerial Photographs in Forestry, Stephen H. Spurr4. Remote Sensing and Forest Surveys, Dr. M.K. Sharma5. Interpretation of aerial photographs, Thomas Eugene Averly, Berlin6. Aerial photographs in landuse and forest survey, M. S. Tomar and A. R.

Maslekar7. Aerial Photography and Remotes Sensing, A. B. Bhatt8. A Basic Course in Remote Sensing for Nepal, Joel Heinen


Course Code: FPE 505Course Title: FOREST HARVESTING AND LOGGINGFull Marks: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The course of study is designed primarily to provide suitable education and training for students wishing to work in the forestry areas. After the completion of the course the student will be competent in the application and transmission of knowledge and skills in the practical situations.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course the student will be able to:

1. Apply the various techniques of forest harvesting and logging2. Explain and demonstrate the application of ergonomics in forestry3. Use the appropriate methods of storage and grading of logs4. Know the cost estimation of harvesting products.

UNIT 1 FOREST HARVESTING (6)1.1 Planning 1.2 Agencies involved in harvesting practices in Nepal

UNIT 2 HARVESTING PRACTICES (6)2.1 Trends of forest harvesting practices in Nepal2.2 Appropriate Forest harvesting technology

UNIT 3 LOG EXTRACTION (6)3.1 Log Extraction from hill 3.2 Log extraction in Terai plain

UNIT 4 LOADING AND UNLOADING (6)4.1 Planning4.2 Mechanism of loading and unloading

UNIT 5 TRANSPORTATION (HAULING) OF LOGS (6)5.1 Transportation of logs in Nepalese context5.2 Other transportation system

UNIT 6 GRADING AND STORAGE OF LOGS (6)6.1 Principles and importance of grading6.2 Grading system in Nepal6.3 Logs storage system in Nepal6.4 Protective measures of logs in storage

UNIT 7 ERGONOMY (2)7.1 Introduction and Importance7.2 Application of ergonomics in forestry

UNIT 8 COST ESTIMATION OF HARVESTING PRODUCTS (6)


8.1 Manual production cost8.2 Mechanical production cost

Note: Exercise on harvesting practices (6)TEXT BOOKS AND REFERENCES:

1. Indian Forest Utilization vol. I. FRI Deharadun, 19702. Logging practices by Steve Conway.3. Logging News, A quarterly Newsletter & Journals4. Logging of mountain forests. FAO 33, 1982.5. Appropriate technology in forestry FAO vol. 31 1982.6. Manual of Forest Utilization by S. Chowdhury, 2003

COURSE CODE: WME 506COURSE TITLE: SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ENGINEERINGFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of the course, the student will gain knowledge and skills regarding the concepts and practices of watershed management in the context of the mixed farming livestock system of Nepal.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

1. Identify the causes of land degradation in the watershed, 2. Explain the conservation measures to mitigate land degradation and maintain

its productivity, 3. Able to design major erosion control structures, 4. Understand conservation techniques and measures, 5. Understand erosion monitoring processes

UNIT 1 LANDS DEGRADATION PROBLEMS IN NEPAL (5)1.1. Introduction to Land Degradation and its consequences1.2 Water Erosion

1.2.1 Types of water erosion: Sheet, Rill, Gullies and Flood1.2.2 Agents active in water erosion1.2.3 Water erosion prediction equation

1.3 Wind erosion1.3.1 Factors causing wind erosion1.3.2 Soil movement due to wind erosion1.3.3 Control of wind erosion

UNIT 2 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF GULLY CONTROL STRUCTURES AND TERRACES (13)

2.1 Introduction to mechanical control measures2.2.1 Check dams (5)

2.1.1.1 Types of check dams2.1.1.2 Design of check dams2.1.1.3 Stability analysis of check dams2.1.1.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of check dams


2.2.2 Terraces (3)2.1.7.1 Types of Terraces2.1.7.2 Design of Terraces2.1.7.3 Consideration in the stability of Terraces2.1.7.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Terraces

2.2.3 Waterways (3)2.1.5.1 Types of Waterways/Drainage2.1.5.2 Design of Waterways/Drainage2.1.5.3 Stability analysis of Waterways/Drainage2.1.5.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Waterways /

Drainage2.2.4 Bunds (2)

2.1.6.1 Types of Bunds2.1.6.2 Design of Bunds2.1.6.3 Consideration in the stability of Bunds2.1.6.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Bunds

UNIT 3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RIVER TRAINNING WORKS (7)

3.1 Spurs (3)3.1.1 Types of spurs3.1.2 Design of spurs3.1.3 Stability analysis of Spurs3.1.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Spurs

3.2. Embankments (3)3.2.1 Types of embankments3.2.2 Design of embankments3.2.3 Stability analysis of embankments3.2.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Embankment

3.3 Bolster (1)3.3.1 Design of Bolster3.3.2 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Bolster

UNIT 4 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES (3)

4.1 Water Harvesting Structures 4.1.1 Types of Water Harvesting Structures4.1.2 Design of Water Harvesting Structures4.1.3 Consideration in the stability of Water Harvesting Structures4.1.4 Construction consideration and layout procedure of Water Harvesting

Structures

UNIT 5 BIO-ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES (5)5.1 Introduction / Definitions / Concepts / Functions5.2 Soil Bio-engineering Practices

5.2.1 Plants and Planting Techniques5.2.2 Grass Planting / Seeding5.2.3 Strip Planting


5.2.4 Crib Wall5.2.5 Brush Layering5.2.6 Turfing / Sodding5.2.7 Wattle Fence5.2.8 Palisade5.2.9 Fascine 5.2.10 Jute Netting5.2.11 Hedge-Brush Layering5.2.12 Brush Mattressing 5.2.13 Rip-rap / Joint Planting

UNIT 6 CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES (6)6.1 Gully and Landslide Treatments6.2 Slope Stabilization6.3 Stream / River bank Erosion Control6.4 Road Erosion Control6.5 Cultivated, Forest Lands and Pasture Lands

UNIT 7 CONSERVATION FARMING TECHNIQUES (3)7.1 Shelter Belts / Green Belts7.2 Hedgerows7.3 Minimum tillage7.4 Relay cropping7.5 Mixed cropping7.6 Multiple cropping7.7 Strip cropping7.8 Cover cropping7.9 Mulching7.10 Green manure7.11 Compost manure7.12 Nitrogen fixing plants

UNIT 8 EROSION PROCESS AND MONITORING (3)8.1 Erodibility of soil8.2 Erosivity to Rainfall-impact8.3 Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation8.4 Erosion Monitoring

8.4.1. Run-off Plot Monitoring8.4.2. Paired Catchment’s Studies8.4.3. Sedimentation survey

EXCURSION

1. a: Field observation of check dams and other conservation structures2. b: Field observation and design of hydraulic channel for peak flow for a

small catchment3. c: Field observation and compression between bio engineering practice and

mechanical protection works.


TEXTBOOKS AND REFERENCES:

1. Alford, D. 1992. Hydrological Aspects of the Himalayan Region. ICIMOD Occasional Paper No. 18.

2. Bruijnzeel, L. A. and C. N. Bremmer, 1989. Highland - Lowland Interactions in the Ganges Brahmaputra River basin: A review of Published Literature. ICIMOD Publication Occasional Paper No. 11.

3. Dunn and Leopold, 19??. Water in Environmental Planning.4. FAO, 1977. Guidelines for Watershed Management. FAO Watershed

Management Field Manual. FAO Conservation Guide 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO/UN).

5. FAO, 1985. Vegetative and Soil Treatment Measures. FAO Watershed Management Field Manual. FAO Conservation Guide 13/1. FAO/UN.

6. Pereira, H. C., 1989. Policy and Practices in the Management of Tropical Watersheds. Westview Press.

7. Rimal, B. K. and M. D. Joshi, 1991. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management. In Background papers to the National Conservation Strategy for Nepal - Volume 1. National Planning Commission / HMG and IUCN, Kathmandu.

8. Sharma, P. N. (edited) 1997. Recent Developments, Status and Gaps in Participatory Watershed Management and Training in Asia, PWMTA-FARM Field Document No. 6. FARM Programme and Participatory Watershed Management Training in Asia, Kathmandu.

9. Sthapit, K. M., 1987. Land Capability Classification. Watershed Planning Manual No. 4. Watershed Management Project, Department of Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.

10. Sthapit, K. M. 1988. Flood Control and Watershed Management. A paper presented to the workshop on “River Training / Embankment Protection”. Organized by Department of Irrigation and UNDP-ILO. 9 to 13 May, 1988, Kathmandu.

11. WECS, 1987. Erosion and Sedimentation in the Nepal Himalayan. Water and Energy Commission Secretariat, Kathmandu.

12. Soil Conservation, Norman and Hudsan13. Soil Conservation and Land Management, S.K. Dutta


COURSE CODE: SFM 507COURSE TITLE: EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Upon completion of this course, the students will be able to understand and use the logic and reasoning involved in the designing and conducting of experiments.


1. Apply basic skills in designing an experiment.2. Analyze and calculate the data obtained from an experiment.3. Draw valid inferences and conclusions about the results of an experiment.

UNIT 1 BASIC STATISTICAL CONCEPTS (3)1.1 Dot notation1.2 Hypothesis testing1.3 F/Test / T-Test review1.4 Fixed, mixed and random models

UNIT 2 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (4)2.1 Introduction2.2 One way ANOVA2.3 Two way ANOVA

UNIT 3 BASIC CONCEPT IN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (3)3.1 Definition of different terminology in experimental design3.2 Principal of experimental design

UNIT 4 COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED DESIGN (CRD) (4)4.1 The experimental plan4.2 Allocation of treatments to Experimental Unit (EU)4.3 Linear model and assumptions4.4 Analysis

UNIT 5 RANDOMIZED COMPLETE BLOCK DESIGN (RCBD) (4)5.1 The experimental plan5.2 Allocation of treatments to Experimental Unit (EU)5.3 Linear model and assumptions5.4 Analysis

UNIT 6 LATIN SQUARE DESIGN [LSD] (4)6.1 The experimental plan6.2 Allocation of treatments to experimental unit (EU) 6.3 Linear model and assumptions6.4 Analysis

UNIT 7 MULTIPLE COMPARISONS (4)7.1 Introduction


7.2 Least Significance Difference (LSD) Procedure7.3 Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) Procedure

UNIT 8 FACTORIAL EXPERIMENT (8)8.1 Introduction8.2 The 2X2 factorial experiment8.3 Analysis8.4 Generalization of 2X2 factorial experiment to 23

UNIT 9 ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE (ANACOVA) (4)9.1 Introduction9.2 Adjustment to sum of square in regression9.3 ANACOVA in CR design9.4 Analysis

UNIT 10 OTHER DESIGNS (INTRODUCTION ONLY) (3)10.1 Confounding10.2 Split plot design10.3 Nested design10.4 Major research problems in RNR field in Nepal

UNIT 11 CHI-SQUARE TEST (3)11.1 Introduction11.2 Goodness of fit.11.3 Test of homogeneity11.4 Test of independence.

PRACTICAL

1. Completely Randomized Design (CRD)2. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)3. Latin Square Design (LSD)4. Paired Comparison: LSD and DNMRT5. Two- and three-factor factorial design6. Analysis of covariance7. Field visit to experimental plots8. Computer use in experimental design9. Chi-square test


1. An Introduction to Analysis of Variance and Experimental Design, Marvin Lentener and Thomas A. Bishop.

2. Experimental Design, W.G. Cochran and G.M. Cox.3. Principles and Procedure of Statistics, R.G.D. Steel and J.H. Torrie.4. Fundamentals of Statistics (Volume 2), A.M. Goon, M.K. Gupta and B. Das

Gupta.5. Statistical Methods, G.W. Snedecor and W.G. Cochran.6. Statistical manual for forestry research – J. ……………… (FAO Publication)


COURSE CODE: PWM 508COURSE TITLE: TOURISM & RECREATIONFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of the course, students will gain general understanding of tourism, its planning process, facilities

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the students should be able to:

1. Understand the status of tourism in Nepal and analyze its potentials and pitfalls;

2. Get familiarize with requirements and attractions related services,3. Demonstrate ability for planning and developing tourism4. Evaluate the impacts of tourism5. Take actions to minimize tourism impacts

UNIT 1 TOURISM (6)1.1 Introduction1.2 History, status & scope of tourism in Nepal1.3 Why people travel1.4 Determine factors of travel 1.5 Types of tourism1.6 Importance of tourism

UNIT 2 VISITORS, TOURISTS, EXCURSIONISTS & MOTIVATION OF TRAVEL (6)

2.1 Visitors2.2 Types of tourists2.3 Excursionists2.4 Motives & attitudes

2.4.1 Basics travel motivatorsPhysical, cultural & Interpersonal motivators & their reason

2.4.2 Factors influencing the growth of tourism

UNIT 3 FACILITIES AND SERVICES (8)3.1 Recreational facilities

3.1.1 National parks and conservation areas3.1.2 Amusement and other parks3.1.3 Social and cultural diversity

3.2 Recreational activities3.2.1 Tours3.2.2 Sporting events

3.3 Other services3.3.1 Accommodation and food3.3.2 Shopping2.3.3 Financial services3.3.4 Publication/information3.3.5 Entertainment


3.3.6 Conference facilities3.3.7 Rescue and medical services3.3.8 Transportation

UNIT 4 TOURISM PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT (10)4.1 Planning for Tourism

4.1.1 Coordination in planning / concerned agencies 4.1.2 Assessment of tourist demand & supply4.1.3 Establishing objectives4.1.4 Territorial planning4.1.5 Basics Infra structure4.1.6 Financial planning4.1.7 Administrative structure4.1.8 Tourism marketing & promotion4.1.9 Time factor

4.2 Need for tourism planning4.3 Scope of tourism planning (National/Regional and Local)(4.4 Environmental Planning

UNIT 5 TOURISM MANAGEMENT IN PROTECATED (5)5.1 Tourism zone management5.2 Nature tourist guides & training5.3 Visitors carrying capacity5.4 Signs & map5.5 Hides & Machans 5.6 Visitors / Interpretation centers & museum5.7 Natures trail5.8 Visitors survey & data analysis5.9 Brochures pamplets & posters, etc

UNIT 6 TOURISM POTENTIALS OF NEPAL (4)6.1 Natural & cultural diversity6.2 Himalayan region6.3 Mid hill region6.4 Terai region6.5 National park & wildlife reserves of Nepal6.6 Festivals of Nepal6.7 Ethenic diversity6.8 Special Attraction of Nepal

UNIT 7 TRAVELS & TOURISM INDUSTRIES IN NEPAL (5)7.1 Tours & travel agencies7.2 Trekking in Nepal7.3 Expedition & mountaineering7.4 Rafting in Nepal7.5 Hot air balloon7.6 Bunjee jumping7.7 Para gliding7.8 Ultra light aircraft7.9 Cannoning


7.10 Fishing7.11 Mountain flight7.12 Cable car7.13 Jungle safari7.14 Hunting7.15 Mountaing biking7.16 Rock climbing7.17 Village tourism

UNIT 8 IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOST COUNTRY (4)8.1 Introduction8.2 Impacts of tourism

8.2.1 Economic impacts8.2.2 Social impacts8.2.3 Physical/environmental impacts

8.3 Mitigation of negative impacts of tourism8.4 Impact of natural resource

EXCURSION

1. Observation and evaluation of tourism facilities and services2. Visitor survey3. Local community and tour operator survey.4. Impact analysis.5. Local tourism centers.

TEXTS AND REFERENCES:

1. Allan collier. Principles of tourism2. Matheison and G. Wall. Tourism's Economic, Physical and Social Impacts3. Mill and Morrison. The tourism System4. Department of Tourism. Nepal Tourism Statistics5. Nepalese tourism immigration and wildlife conservation laws6. George McIntyre (WTO) – Spain (1993). Sustainable Tourism Development:

Guide for local planners. 7. Inskeep Tourism: Local and Regional Planning8. Boo Elizabeth (1990) – WWF. Potentials and pitfalls of eco-tourism vol. 1 and

2


COURSE CODE: WME 551COURSE TITLE: DIGITAL REMOTE SENSINGFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: At the end of this course the student will have a basic understanding of space borne imageries and its applications

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: By the end of this course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand fundamental of Remote sensing systems and their principles2. Understand characteristics of satellite imageries, how they are acquired

processed and interpreted 3. Integrate remote sensed data with GIS for natural resource management

UNIT 1 OVERVIEW OF REMOTE SENSING (3)1.1 History and development of remote sensing1.2 Active and passive remote sensing1.3 Ideal and real remote sensing

UNIT 2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF REMOTE SENSING(11)

2.1 The electromagnetic spectrum (EMR), Remote sensing in visible, IR spectrum thermal IR spectrum

2.2 Energy source and radiation Principles2.2.1 Wave theory2.2.2 Particle theory

2.3 EMR interaction in the atmosphere2.3.1 Emission2.3.2 Scattering (Raleigh, Mie and non selective)2.3.3 Absorption2.3.4 Transmission2.3.5 Reflectance

2.4 EMR interaction with the earth surface2.4.1 Spectral reflectance2.4.2 Spectral response pattern2.4.3 Spectral signature

2.5 Remote sensing sensors and scanning systems2.5.1 Multi-spectral scanning systems sweep (push brown) and conical (MSS,

Landsat TM, Spot, IRS, IKONOS, Quick bird)2.5.2 Sensor systems characteristics:- detectors, IFOV, Sensitivity, Platforms

UNIT 3 REMOTE SENSING DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING (5)

3.1 Data acquisition and correction 3.1.1. Methods of satellite data acquisition3.1.2. Distribution of CCT, CD-ROM, Jazz, Exabyte, Zip drives etc.

UNIT 4 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING (8)


4.1 Image rectification and registration4.2 Image enhancement technique4.3 Image classification

4.3.1 Spectral pattern recognition4.3.2 Supervised classification4.3.3 Unsupervised classification4.3.4 Merit and Demerit of supervised and unsupervised classification,

Ancillary data and their use

UNIT 5 APPLICATIONS / INYTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA / IMAGES (5)

5.1 Application of remote sensing imageries for natural resource management 5.2 Land use and land cover mapping (NDVI) and soil classification5.3 Temporal change detection5.4 Interpretation of satellite image

UNIT 6 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE (Microwave Remote Sensing) (5)2.1 Principles of MWRS2.2 Sensor Systems characteristics (real aperture radar synthetic aperture radar)2.3 Atmospheric and terrain properties - surface roughness, dielectric constant and

polonaitation2.4 Radar Geometry2.5 Application of radar data

UNIT 7 REMOTE SENSING AND GIS INTEGRATION (3)7.1 Introduction to GIS, and GIS Software / (Image processing software’s)7.2 Application of GIS for Planning and decision making in natural resource

management7.3 LIS and its use in Land use planning and decision making process7.4 GPS Application in NRM

PRACTICAL

1. Familiarization with RGB layers2. Correction to digital data (Radiometric and geometric)3. Land use classification and field verification (Unsupervised classification and

Supervised classification)4. Vegetation classification using NDVI


1. Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, Thomas M. Lillesand and Ralph W. Kiefer, John Wiley and Sons.

2. Digital Image Processing, J. R. Jensen3. Aerial Photographs in Forestry, Stephen H. Spurr.4. Text Book of Photogrammetry, K.K. Rampal.5. Remote Sensing and Forest Surveys, Dr. M.K. Sharma.


6. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing Journal published by ASPRS, Bethseda, USA

7. International Journal of Remote Sensing


COURSE CODE: SFM 552COURSE TITLE: FOREST MANAGEMENTFULL MARK: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: Upon completion of this course, the students will gain knowledge of basic forest management principles and will acquire the skills needed to achieve improved management of Nepal's forest resources.


1. Evaluate various management strategies.2. Appraise different decision making criteria 3. Apply tools of regulating different types of forest production systems and

apply concepts of allowable cut. 4. Understand methods of optimal rotation determination. 5. Demonstrate ability to write forest resource management plans.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND (4)1.1 Forest management objectives (1)1.2 Forest management alternatives and analysis (1)1.3 Decision-making principles and models (1)1.4 Different forest management strategies in Nepal.1.5 Role of forests in economic development (1)

1.5.1 Contribution in national economy1.5.2 Role in local economy

- Agriculture - Rural enterprises

1.5.3 Role of forest in livelihood. 1.6 Forests, society and environment (1)

1.6.1 Social benefits of forests1.6.2 Environmental benefits of forests

UNIT 2 CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT (5)

2.1 Concept and principles of sustainable forest management (6)2.1.1 Concept, definition and principle of sustainable forest management2.1.2 Criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management 2.1.3 Various forest certification schemes

2.2 Concept and practice of sustained yield 2.2.1 Concept, definition of sustained yield 2.2.2 Prerequisites for sustained yield2.2.3 Limitations in Nepal's conditions2.2.4 Yield types 2.2.5 Management steps for sustained yield

UNIT 3 FOREST VALUATION METHODS (4)


3.1 Common valuation techniques (1)3.2 Time value of money (only review)

3.2.1 Interest rate3.2.2 Discount rate3.2.1 Inflation adjustment

3.3 Decision-making criteria (2)3.3.1 Present net worth3.3.2 Benefit cost ratio3.3.3 Land expectation value3.3.4 Internal rate of return

- Economic rate return- Financial rate of return

3.4 Risk and uncertainty evaluation (3)3.4.1 Risk management3.4.2 Decision-making with uncertainty

UNIT 4 ROTATION (3)4.1 Concept and types of rotation

4.1.1 Concepts definitions4.1.2 Types of rotations4.1.3 Choice and length of rotation

4.2 Rotation determination methods 4.2.1 Biological criteria4.2.2 Financial/economic criteria4.2.3 Social/environmental criteria

UNIT 5 FOREST REGULATION (12)5.1 Concepts and approaches (4)

5.1.1 The normal forest concept5.1.2 Yield tables and yield regulations

5.2 Regulating plantation forest (4)5.2.1 Concepts

5.2.2 Applications5.3 Regulating natural forests (4)

5.3.1 Concepts5.3.2 Applications

5.4 Allowable cut methods (3)5.4.1 Area control5.4.2 Volume control5.4.3 Combined area and volume control

UNIT 6 FOREST POLICY (4)6.1 Policy formulation process6.2 Local6.3 National

UNIT 7 FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN (4)7.1 Forest resource management plan

7.1.1 Concept, definitions, objectives and limitations of forest management plan

7.1.2 Components of forest management plan


7.1.3 Forest management unit7.2 Preparation of forest management plan

7.2.1 Data collection- biophysical- socio-economical

7.2.2 Maps and sketches7.2.3 General format (4)7.2.4 Contents7.2.5 Write up of management plan7.2.6 Methods of updating

PRACTICAL

1. Preparation & write up of forest management plan2. Practice in forest inventory and assessment 3. Study of sustainable forest management


1. Introduction to Forest Resource Management, William A. Leuschner. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Forest Management, Ram Prakash, International Book Distributors, Deharadun.


COURSE CODE: SFM 553COURSE TITLE: FIELD TRAININGFULL MARKS: 25

A Three week field training program will be conducted in which one week in Nepal and two weeks in India around Haldwani and Dehradun to cover the practical field observation and exercise of the third year course. The concerned campuses will provide detail of the program. The supervising faculty will evaluate the field training of the students.


Course Code: FPE 554 Course Title: FOREST PRODUCTS UTILIZATIONFull Marks: 50 Theory: 40 Practical: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The general objective of this course is to provide knowledge and skills regarding the concept of the proper utilization of forest products.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course, the student will be able to:

1. Identify wood through the anatomical structures. 2. Explain the wood properties and wood moisture relationship.3. Explain the defects in wood and their prevention 4. Explain the proper uses of wood 5. Explain the importance of wood seasoning & preservation.

UNIT 1: WOOD STRUCTURE (4)1.1 Wood structure of soft wood species1.2 Wood structure of hard wood species

UNIT 2: PROPERTIES OF WOOD (4)2.1 Importance2.2 Physical properties2.3 Mechanical properties

2.3.1 Chemical properties (Chemical constituents)

UNIT 3: WOOD CONVERSION AND GRADING (4)3.1 Principles of conversions and grading3.2 Saw milling3.3 Grading of sawn timber

UNIT 4: WOOD AND WATER (4)4.1 Location of water in wood4.2 Nature of water in wood4.3 Measurement of Moisture Content

UNIT 5: WOOD SEASONING AND DEFECTS (4)5.1 Principles and scope5.2 Importance5.3 Methods of seasoning5.4 Defects in wood (Natural, Seasoning, fungal, machine)

UNIT 6: WOOD PRESERVATION (4)6.1 Importance6.2 Preservatives & its types6.3 Methods of preservative treatments


UNIT 7: COMPOSITE PRODUCTS AND THEIR MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND APPLICATION (6)

7.1 Plywood, and Block boards7.2 Particles boards7.2 Fiber boards7.4 Other composite boards (Bamboo, straw boards)

UNIT 8: PULP AND PAPER TECHNOLOGY (4)8.1 Raw materials8.2 Pulping process (Mechanical, Chemical and Semi chemicals)8.3 Paper manufacturing8.4 Lokta (Daphne spp.): pulping and paper making

UNIT 9: WOOD ENERGY (6)9.1 Wood as energy and its importance9.2 Wood charcoal and briquette 9.3 Fuel wood value of different species 9.4 Fuel wood supply and marketing

PRACTICAL

1. Identification of wood samples (At least Ten species) 2 x 3 = 6 hrs.

2. Specific gravity and moisture content determination 2 x 2 = 4 hrs.3. Visual grading of timber (during field visit)4. Visit to Forest based industries during field visit (Seasoning, preservation,

composite products, Pulp and Paper)5. Field report of study tour must be submitted to respective concern teacher.


1. Indian Forest Utilization, FRI Publication, Vols. I & II, Deharadun, India.2. Forest Products and Wood Science: An Introduction, John G. Haygreen and

Jim L. Bowyer, Iowa State University Press/Aims, 1982.3. Textbook of Wood Technology, A.J. Panshin, C. D. Zeeuw, and H. P. Brown,

McGraw Hill Book Company, 1964.4. Kolamann FFP and W. A. Cote Jr Principle of Wood Science and technology

of Solid Wood5. Journals of Wood Products and Wood Sciences.6. Manual of Forest Utilization, S. Chowdhury 20037. Manual Important Woods of Nepal, D. Parajuli, S. Chowdhury, A.R. Gyawali

& B.M. Shrestha


COURSE CODE: PWM 555COURSE TITLE: WILDLIFE CONSERVATION & MANAGEMENTFULL MAKRS: 50 GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of the course students will gain the

general knowledge about wildlife conservation and management techniques habitant evaluation.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding of the basic concepts of wildlife conservation.2. Discuss the different techniques of wildlife management, including population

and disease control, capturing and trapping wild animals, marking and tagging, radio telemetry.

3. Demonstrate skills in habitat analysis and evaluation.4. Understand the procedures for population estimation and analysis. 5. Describe techniques for control of wildlife damage.6. Evaluate the human dimensions of wildlife conservation.7. Describe the interaction of land pattern & wildlife status.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (5)1.1 History status of wildlife conservation in Nepal1.2 Legislation concerning wildlife conservation in Nepal1.3 Problems of wildlife conservation in Nepal1.4 Lesson learnt, challenges & prospects in conserving wildlife in Nepal

UNIT 2 WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES (5)2.1 Capturing wild animals (indigenous & modern techniques)

2.1.1 Capturing birds and mammals 2.2 Marking animals for identification

2.2.1 Marking birds and mammals 2.3 Capturing and handling reptiles2.4 Chemical Immobilization2.5 Radio telemetry 2.6 Camera trapping2.7 GPS & satellites collaring2.8 GIS application & remote sensing

UNIT 3 HABITAT EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT (10)3.1 Habitat Evaluation

3.1.1 Evaluation for specific management objectives: food production, cover, edge, indicator species, and condition of individual animals

3.1.2 Evaluation of natural communities3.1.2.1 Species diversity

3.1.3 Standard evaluation procedures3.2 Habitat Management

3.2.1 Adjustment of seral stages: 3.2.1.1 Setting back and advancing succession

3.2.2 Manipulation of edge


3.2.3 Mitigation3.3 Management technique

3.3.1 Food production (fruits, fodder, flowers etc )3.3.2 Water hole development (natural & artificial) 3.3.3 Wetland improvement (shallow marshes potholes)3.3.4 Cover management (protective nesting)3.3.5 Grassland management 3.3.6 Fences & trenches3.3.7 Predation management & control3.3.8 Fire as a tool management

UNIT 4 POPULATION ESTIMATION AND ANALYSIS (7)4.1 Estimation of animal abundance (Direct &indirect count)

4.1.1 Mark-and-recapture4.1.2 Transect surveys4.1.3 Change-in-ratio method4.1.4 Pellet-group counts4.1.5 Roadside counts4.1.6 Water hole counts4.1.7 Road kills4.1.8 Scent station surveys

4.2 Population analysis: Estimating rate or increase and estimating mortality and survival; life table

4.3 Application of population genetics to wildlife management

UNIT 5 WILDLIFE DAMAGE AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES (5)5.1 Types & nature of damage life casualties, &live stock damages, crop damage5.2 Damage assessment 5.3 Control technique – physical, chemical & biological 5.4 Compensation schemes

UNIT 6 HUMAN POPULATION GROWTHS & WILDLIFE CONSERVATION (5)

6.1 Introduction6.2 Wildlife law enforcement6.3 Economic and social perspectives including the scope of tourism and

recreation6.4 Public policy issues in wildlife conservation6.5 Resolving conflicts between park/people

UNIT 7 BUFFER ZONE & LAND USE MANAGEMENT (5)7.1 Human population growth 7.2 Forest management and wildlife7.3 Wildlife on croplands7.4 Range lands and wildlife 7.5 Buffer zone management: concepts and practices

UNIT 8 ZOO MANAGEMENT (8)8.1 Definition8.2 Objectives & role of zoo in wildlife management


8.3 Planning and administration of zoos8.4 Core maintenance and welfare of captive wild animals8.5 Enclose designer and barrier8.6 Isolation/quarantine ward and postmortem facilities8.7 Visitors' facilities and safety8.8 Breeding animals in captivity8.9 Animal handling, restraint & veterinary facilities

UNIT 9 WETLAND MANAGEMENT (6)

9.1 Concept of wetland and its type 9.2 Wetland function and values 9.3 Wetland biodiversity 9.4 Problems of wetlands9.5 Sustainable use of wetland , its conservation and management 9.6 Status of Nepal's RAMSAR site and other wetlands9.7 Institutions in wetland management in Nepal 9.8 Hydropower development and its impacts

UNIT 10 HIGH ALTITUDE WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT (6)10.1 Structural , physiological and behavioral adaptation in high altitude10.2 Factors in decline of wildlife

10.2.1 Habitat destruction10.2.2 Poaching 10.2.3 Random use of pesticides 10.2.4 Wildlife disease, pests and predator

10.3 Conservation and Management 10.3.1 Impact of political and economic climate 10.3.2 Habitat protection 10.3.3 Game ranching 10.3.4 Breeding and farming 10.3.5 Tourism and wildlife conservation

10.4 Wildlife farming

PRACTICAL:

Field tour in protected area: one protected area and conduct following exercise.1. Census in National Park and Wildlife Reserve (Transect survey and pallet

group count) 2. Radio-telemetry3. Drug administration and darting4. Buffer zone and park-people conflict survey


1. Giles Wildlife conservation Techniques2. Katel, Heinens and Mehta, National Parks and

Administration3. J.B. Sale and K. Berkmuller, (1988) Manual of wildlife Techniques for India4. Garden Woodroffe (1981) Wildlife conservation and

modern zoo


COURSE CODE: SFB 556COURSE TITLE: ADVANCED SILVICULTUREFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: On completion of this course, the students are expected to understand silviculture and be able to apply and advice the silvicultural techniques in improving the forest management practice.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: The course specifically will prepare the students to:

1. Be able to design and apply silvicultural systems and advice both the user groups and forest department on appropriate silvicultural practices.

2. Learn about appropriate silvicultural systems for community forests.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 General Introduction about the systems1.2 Classification and concept of Silvicultural Systems

UNIT 2 MAJOR SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (22)

2.1 Clear felling System2.1.1 with Artificial Regeneration2.1.2 with Natural Regeneration

2.2 Seed tree system2.3 Shelter wood Systems

2.3.1 Uniform system2.3.2 Group2.3.3 Strip2.3.4 Irregular

2.4 Selection system2.4.1 Single Tree selection2.4.2 Group selection system

2.5 Accessory systems2.5.1 Two storied High Forest System2.5.2 High Forest with Reserve System

2.6 Coppice Systems2.6.1 Simple Coppice2.6.2 Coppice with Standards2.6.3 Coppice with reserves2.6.4 Other variations of coppice systems

2.7 Conversion 2.7.1 Objective of Conversion2.7.2 Techniques of Conversion2.7.3 Examples of Conversion

UNIT 3 CHOICE AND FORMULATION OF SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS (6)

3.1 Factors to be considered while selecting and formulating a system:


3.1.1 Identification of objective of management3.1.2 Provision for regeneration3.1.3 Efficient use of growing spaces3.1.4 Control of damaging agencies3.1.5 Provision for sustained yield3.1.6 Optimum use of forest capital

UNIT 4 APPLICATION OF SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS (8)4.1 Silvicultural systems applicable to following Forest types: Sal, Asna, Khair-

Sissoo, Katus- Chilaune, Utis, Oak, Chir Pine, Blue pine, Spruce- Fir, Deodar.

UNIT 5 SILVICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND PRACTICES IN NEPAL (5)5.1 National forest5.2 Community forestry 5.3 Leasehold forest 5.4 Religious forest 5.5 Private forest 5.6 Bufferzone forest

OBSERVATION DURING FIELD TRIP1. Clear felling System 2. Coppice system 3. Shelterwood System4. Selection System5. Conversion 6. Silvicultural systems of community Forests.7. Visit to demonstration plots


1. Silvicultural systems: R.S. Troup.2. Theory and Practice of Silvicultural system: L.S. Khanna &

Ram Prakash.3. The practice of silviculture: D.M. Smith.4. Principles of Silviculture: J.W. Daniels, J.Helms & F.S.Baker.5. Silviculture: Champion and Seth.6. Farm and Community Forestry: G. Foley and G. Bernard.7. Publication from IOF, Nepal Australia Community Forestry

Project and Sagarnath Forestry Project.9. Jackson, J. K. Manual of afforestation in Nepal Vol. II10. Silvicultural Systems for Community Forest. TISC Publication


COURSE CODE: WME 557 COURSE TITLE: WATERSHED MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of the course, the student will gain knowledge and skills regarding the concepts and practices of watershed management in the context of the mixed farming livestock system of Nepal.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

1. Understand and describe the various watershed characteristics and integrated watershed management, and the important interactions among watershed components,

2. Integrate climatic, hydrology, soil conservation, forest, range, agriculture and livestock in watershed management,

3. Explain the conservation programme and activities to mitigate land degradation and maintain its productivity,

4. Understand management strategies for the implementation of the soil conservation and watershed management program, and

5. Conduct the necessary field reconnaissance and data collection for the watershed management planning and prepare Watershed management Plan.

UNIT 1 INTEGRATED WATERSHED MANAGEMENT (12)1.1 Objective, Concept, Approach and Scope 1.2. The Watershed as a Management Unit1.3. Watershed Characteristics

1.3.1 Soil1.3.2 Geology1.3.3 Climate

1.3.3.1 Climatic zones of Nepal1.3.3.2 Agro-

climatic zones of Nepal (Department of Soil Conservation)1.3.3.3 Factors affecting micro-climatic patterns

1.3.4 Land use1.3.4.1 Agriculture1.3.4.2 Forest1.3.4.3 Grass lands1.3.4.4 Shrub lands1.3.4.5 Urban and industrial

1.3.5. Land capability1.3.5.1 Land Evaluation 1.3.5.2 Land Capability Classification

1.3.6. Social, Cultural and Economic Factors1.3.6.1 Socio-cultural

1.3.6.1.1. Demographic


1.3.6.1.2. Cultural obstacles1.3.6.1.3. Awareness and knowledge

1.3.6.2. Economic1.3.6.2.1. Market Availability1.3.6.2.2. Economic Class Stratification1.3.6.2.3. Outward Migration and Labor Availability1.3.6.2.4. Tourism Impacts on local Resource use

1.3.7. Geomorphology

UNIT 2 DESERTIFICATION (2)2.6 Concept of the desert and desertification2.2 Causes of desertification

2.2.1 Effects of desertification

UNIT 3 LAND PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL FERTILITY (3)3.1. Factors Affecting Production and Productivity3.2. Nutrient Management / Soil Fertility

UNIT 4 LEGAL ASPECTS (4)4.1 Land Tenure4.2 Water laws in Nepal4.3 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 19824.4 Soil and Watershed Conservation Regulation, 19854.5 Other legislation related with the Protected Areas

UNIT 5 MANAGEMENT APPROACHES (7)5.1. Introduction (History) to the Watershed Management Approaches5.2 Management Approach

5.2.1 Line agency implementation / Participatory - Decentralized approaches5.2.2 Sectoral / Integrated (Holistic) Approaches 5.2.3 Conservation in Individual farm / Community Lands 5.2.4 Basin / Watershed / Sub-watershed / Micro-watershed / Political Unit5.2.5 Model farmer / Group approach5.2.6 Project / Programme Approach

5.3 Development Strategies to Enhance Local Management Capacity5.3.1 Ownership Building5.3.2 In-situ Institution5.3.3 Networking and Linkages

UNIT 6 SOIL CONSERVATION PROGRAM AND ACTIVITIES (2)6.1 Land use Planning6.2 Productivity Conservation6.3 Natural Hazard Prevention6.4 Infra-structure Protection / Community soil conservation6.5 Conservation Extension / education6.6 Income Generation Activities

UNIT 7 THEORY AND PRACTICAL WATERSHED MANAGEMENT PLANNING (10)

7.1 Introduction to Integrated Watershed Management Planning


7.2 Watershed Information collection (Socio-economic, Climatic, Agro-climatic zone, Geological, Land use, Soil, Demographic , slope, Landform, land capability)7.2.1 Computation of Climatic Information7.3.2 Agro-climatic Mapping7.3.3 Compilation of Geological Information7.3.4 Preparation of land capability map

7.4. Sub-watershed Prioritization7.5. Synthesizing the Watershed Information into a Coherent Plan7.6. Evaluation and Monitoring of the Watershed Management Program7.7. Five Year Planning and Annual Planning Process of Govt of Nepal

PRACTICAL

Socio-economic SurveyIntroduction to mapsPreparation slope mapDelineation of watershedComputation of area from different maps


1. Bogati, R.B. P. Kharel, and B.D. Shrestha, 1997, "Guidelines and Methodology for sub-watershed Prioritisation in Watershed management Planning". Department of soil Conservation, June 1997.

2. Branson, F.A., G.F. Gifford, K.G. Renard, and R.F. Hadley, 1981. Rangeland Hydrology. 2nd edition. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque, Iowa, USA or Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 399p. ISBN KKO 8403 2408 I.

3. Brook, K.N., P.F. Flolliott, H.M. Gregersen, J.L. Thames, 1991. Hydrology and the management of Watersheds. Iowa State University Prews, 2121 State Ave., Ames, Iowa. 392p. ISBN 0 8138 01370

4. Bruinjzeel, L.A. and C.N. Bremmer, 1989, Highland – Lowland Interactions in the Ganges Brahmaputra River basin : A review of Published Literature. ICIMOD Publication Occasional paper No. 11.

5. Carson, B., 1992. The land, the Farmer and the Future : A soil Fertility Strategy for Nepal

6. FAO, 1977, Guidelines for Watershed Management. FAO Watershed Management Field Manual. FAO Conservation Guide 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

7. FAO, 1978, Forest Influences – An Introduction to Ecological Forestry. FAO Forestry Series No.9. FAO Forestry and Forest products Studies No.15. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

8. IOFP, 1993. Forest users Groups : Case Studies from Nepal and Lessons Learned. IOFP Technical Report, TP 93/4 Pokhara.

9. FAO, 1985. Vegetative and soil Treatment measures. FAO Watershed Management Field Manual. FAO Conservation Guide 13/1. Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations

10. IOFP, 1993. Forest users groups : Case Studies from Nepal and Lessons Learned. IOFP Technical Report, TP 93/4, Pokhara.


11. LRMP, 1985. Assessment of a Small Watershed using Aerial Photography : An example from a Remote Hill Region in Nepal. Paper presented at the International workshop on Watershed management in Hindu-Kush-Himalaya Region. October 14 to 19, 1985. (Available at the ICIMOD Library in Kathmandu)

12. LRMP, 1986. Land Systems Report. Land Resource mapping Project, Kathmandu.

13. LRMP, 1986. Land Use Report. Land Resource mapping Project, Kathmandu.

14. LRMP, 1986. Geological Report. Land Resource mapping Project, Kathmandu

15. LRMP, 1986. LAND Capability Report. Land Resource mapping Project, Kathmandu

16. MFSC, 1988. Master Plan for Forestry Sector. Ministry of Forest and soil conservation, Kathmandu.

17. Pereira, H.C. 1989. Policy and Practices in the management of Tropical Watersheds. West view Press.

18. Rimal, B.K. and M.D. Joshi, 1991. Soil Conservation and Watershed management. In Background papers to the national Conservation Strategy for nepal – volume I. National Planning commission/HMG and IUCN, Kathmandu.

19. Satterlund, D.r., 1972. Wildland Watershed management. The Renold Press Company, new York, USA. 370p.

20. Seth, S.L., 1992. Watershed management in Rainfed Areas of India. Field Document No.4. Watershed Management Training in Asia. FAO/UNDP. (GCP/RAS/129/NET), Kathmandu.

21. Sharma, P.N. and M.P. Wagley (edited) 1995. The status of Watershed management in Asia, PWMTA-FARM Field document No.1. FARM Programme and Participatory Watershed management Training in Asia, Kathmandu.

22. Sharma, P.N. and M.P. Wagley (edited) 1996. Case Studies of People's participation in Watershed management in Asia Part I : Nepal, China and India. FARM Programme and Participatory Watershed management Training in Asia, Kathmandu.

23. Sharma, P.N. (edited) 1997. Recent Developments, Status and Gaps in participatory Watershed management and Training in Asia, PWMTA-FARM Field Document No.6. FARM Programme and Participatory Watershed management Training in Asia, Kathmandu.

24. Sharma, P.N. (edited) 1997. Participatory Processes for Integrated Watershed Management, PWMTA-FARM Field Document No.7. FARM Program and Participatory Watershed management Training in Asia, Kathmandu.

25. Sheng, T.C. 1986. Watershed Conservation : A Collection of papers for Developing Countries. The Chinese soil and Water Conservation Society and Colorado State University.

26. Sheng, T.C., 1990. Watershed Conservation II : A Collection of papers for Developing Countires. The Chinese Soil and Water Conservation Society and Colorado State University.

27. Soil Conservation Society of America, 1982. Resource Conservation glossary. 3rd edition. Soil conservation Society of America, 7571 Northeast Ankey Road, Ankeny, Iowa 50021-9764 USA. 193p. ISBN 0 935734 09 0


28. Sthapit, K.M. , 1986. Watershed Management Plan for the Baglung District. FO : DP/NEP/85/008, Field Document No.7. Department of soil Conservation, Watershed management Project, HMG/UNDP/FAO.

29. Sthapit, K.M., 1989. Soil Mapping handbook. Watershed Planning manual No.3. Watershed management Project, Department of soil Conservation, Kathmandu.

30. Sthapit, K. M. and R. Bhattarai, 1989. Agro-climatic Classification System for Nepal. Watershed Planning Manual No. 4. Watershed Management Project, Department of Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.

31. Sthapit, K.M., 1989. Soil Conservation Status in nepal, Kathmandu.32. Tingfu, Guo., 1992. Small Watershed management in China. Field Document

No.6. Watershed management Training in Asia. FAO/UNDP. (GCP/RAS/129/NET), Kathmandu.

33. Thapa, Gopal B., and Karl E. Weber, 1990. Managing Mountain Watersheds, The Upper Pokhara valley – Nepal. Studies in Regional Environmental Planning, HSD Monograph, 22. Division of Human Settlements Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand.

34. WMP, 1988. Landform mapping Handbook. Watershed Planning Manual No.2. Watershed management Project, Department of Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.

35. WMP. Semi-detailed Watershed Management Planning. Watershed management Project, Department of Soil Conservation, Kathmandu.


Course Code: FPE 601Course Title: NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTSFull Marks: 50 Theory: 40 Practical: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: The students will understand the importance and the potentiality of the Non-Timber Forest Products.


1. Explain the importance and scope of NTFPs.2. Explain the economic cultivation and processing of NTFPs.3. Explain the importance of medicinal plants.4. Select and recommend the uses of harvested /marketed NTFPs5. Explain the importance of value addition

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION OF NTFPs (NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS (2)

1.1 Introduction1.2 Importance and scope of NTFPs1.3 NTFPs category

UNIT 2 NTFPs AND LIVLIHOOD (3)2.1 Role of NTFPs in livelihood2.2 Employment and income generation

UNIT 3 NTFPS AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT (4) 3.1 Bio-diversity conservation3.2 Sustainable management

UNIT 4 ETHNOBOTANY (4) 4.1 Importance 4.2 Ethnic value of MAPS

UNIT 5 SUSTAINABLE HARVESTING OF NTFPs (4)5.1 Importance 5.2 Harvesting practices5.3 Sustainable harvesting

UNIT 6 RESOURCE ASSESSMENT (5) 6.1 NTFPs Inventory

6.1.1 Sampling6.1.2 Measurement6.1.3 Estimation


UNIT 7 RESIN COLLECTION AND PROCESSING (5)7.1 Importance of resin collection in rural income7.2 Resin collection practices 7.3 Improved technology in resin collection7.4 Processing of resin to manufacture rosin and turpentine7.5 Grading and marketing of rosin and turpentine7.6 Uses of rosin and turpentine

UNIT 8 MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (5) 8.1 Importance and scope 8.2 Collection & extraction methods8.3 Parts used for medicine of commercially valuable plants8.4 Value and uses

UNIT 9 ENTERPRISES AND MARKETING OF NTFPs (5)9.1 Enterprise development

9.1.1 Micro and Macro9.2 Business plan9.3 Marketing channel

UNIT 10 VALUE ADDITION AND POST HARVESTING TECHNOLOGY (3)

10.1 Importance 10.2 Processing

PRACTICAL

Identification of at list 10 important NTFPs species Value addition processing exercise (Drying, cleaning, storing etc.)Field visits to some ntfp processing and marketing.


1. The Indian Forest Utilization, FRI Publication Vol. I & II, Deharadun.2. Journals of NTFPs3. Minor Forest Products4. Manual of Forest Utilisation, S. Chowdhury (2003)5. Manual of Important NTFPS of Nepal (1998), D.P. Parajuli, A.R. Gyawali and

B.M. Shrestha6. Sustainable Management of NTFPS, M.P. Shiva


COURSE CODE: SFB 602COURSE TITLE: AGROFORESTRYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: Students will gain knowledge and skills regarding the concepts and issues in developing, designing and implementing agro forestry projects.


1. Understand constraints and issues related to the agro forestry systems in Nepal.

2. Collect and analyze soil, crop and tree information (agro-ecosystem analysis of farming system analysis).

3. Describe tree-crop-animal interactions.4. Design, develop and analyze an agro forestry project.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (6)1.1 Historical development of agroforestry in the world and in Nepal (2)1.2 Definitions, concepts and principles of agroforestry (2)1.3 Components of agroforestry and their interaction

UNIT 2 DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS (7)

2.1 Farming systems in Nepal 2.2 Principles of classification of agroforestry systems (1)2.3 Major agroforestry systems (3)

2.3.1 Agri-silviculture (0.5)2.3.2 Horti-silviculture (0.5)2.3.3 Silvi-pasture (0.5)2.3.4 Agri-horti-silviculture (1)2.3.5 Aqua silviculture 2.3.6 Agroforestry systems with reference to plantation crop practices of tea,

cardamum, coffee and medicinal plants in Nepal. (0.5)2.4 Alley cropping (0.5)2.5 Hedge row planting (0.5)2.6 Taungya System (1)

UNIT 3 TREE-CROP INTERACTIONS (4)3.1 Symbiotic relationship (1)3.2 Allelopathic relationship (1)3.3 Crop stratification

3.3.1 Aboveground and underground relationship (1)3.3.2 Biosphere management through agroforestry (1)

UNIT 4 SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION UNDER AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS (9)

4.1 Problems and potentials (1)4.2 Concept of land capability classification in AF (2)


4.2.1 Potential of A.F. Systems in Soil Conservation (1)4.2.2 Sustenance of Soil Fertility and regulated supply of multiple products (1)

4.3 Agroforestry methods of improving soil productivity (2)4.3.1 Soil productivity trends in agroforestry (1)4.3.2 Case studies (1)4.3.3 SALT

4.4 Techniques for soil and water conservation (4)4.4.1 Farming system approach (1)4.4.2 Rainfed based agriculture (2)4.4.3 Cropping systems (1)

UNIT 5 DIAGNOSIS AND DESIGN OF AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS (11)

5.1 Field research techniques (methodology) (7)5.1.1 Study of traditional/indigenous land use systems (1)5.1.2 Application of methodology to A.F. Systems planning and management

(1)5.1.3 Site selection consideration (2)5.1.4 PRA methods (2)5.1.5 On station agroforestry research methods (1)

5.2 Strategy (guidelines) for designing appropriate agroforestry systems (3)5.2.1 Terai (1)5.2.2 Mid-hills (1)5.2.3 Mountains (1)

UNIT 6 AGROFORESTRY PROJECT DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION (7)

6.1 Project identification and selection (2)6.2 Design and development (2)6.3 Implementation strategies (2)6.4 Monitoring & evaluation of AF (1)

FIELD EXERCISE:

1. Identification and herbarium preparation of important Agro-forestry species found in the locality (2)

2. Crop intensity, crop area and crop yield measurement (1) and Socio-economic data analysis (2)

1. Gathering information by PRA methods and socio-economic data analysis (2).4. Agro forestry design exercise (2)

4.1 Selection of AF system & layout 4.2 Calculations & estimates (seeds, saplings, fertilizers)

5. Project report preparation of two typical agroforestry models one in Terai and one in hill. (2)


1. Agroforestry principles and practices A.P. Dwivedi2. Hand Book of Agroforestry S.P. Singh3. Agroforestry in india K.G. Tejwani


4. Text Book of Agroforestry Dr. B.S. Chundwat & Mr. S.K. Gautam5. Agroforestry – Classification & management Edited by Kenneth G.Mac

Dicken Napoleon T. Vergera6. Agroforestry Systems for Degraded Land – Vol. I & II Edt. By Panjab Singh,

P.S. Pathak & M.M. Roy (1994)7. Agroforestry for Rural needs – Vol. I & II Edt. By P.K. Khosla & D.K.

Khurana8. Agroforestry land Use Systems NFTA Special publoication 90-02-19909. Forest Farming (Prosperity for India) J. Sholto Douglas, Robert A de J. hart &

Shankar Ranganathan10. Agroforestry Systems – Internatioinal Journal (Monthly)11. Agroforestry in Nepal – Dr. S.M. Amatya12. Tree Fodder & Fodder Trees in Nepal – K.K. Pandey13. Social Science application in Asian Agroforestry14. Biophysical Research in Agroforestry.15. Agroforestry system by Dr. P.K. Naire16. Agroforestry system journal – Netherland Kluwar academic press.


COURSE CODE: PWM 603*COURSE TITLE: Ornithology & Mammology (Elective)FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL:

10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: General objective of this course is to provide the general knowledge about orthology, sensory organs, behavior, general classification of mammals etc.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: To provide the basic knowledge of biology of birds and mammals common to Nepal.

To familiarize the students with the behavior & ecology of common birds of NepalTo make the students able to develop the techniques of research on birds & mammalsTo be able to imply there knowledge for the conservation and management of birds mammology

GROUP - A ORNITHOLOGY

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Origin and evolution of birds

UNIT 2 CLASSIFICATION OF COMMON BIRDS OF NEPAL (4) UNIT 3 SENSORY ORGANS (3)

3.1 Sense of smell3.2 Hearing 3.3 Vocalisation3.4 Homing and navigation3.5 Orientation

UNIT 4 BEHAVIOUR (3)4.1 Territorial4.2 Nesting4.3 Mating4.4 Parasitism4.5 Competition4.6 Migration4.7 Feeding

UNIT 5 FLOCK (3)5.1 Seasonal variation of food5.2 Predation

GROUP - B MAMMALOGY


UNIT 1 GENERAL CHARACTERS AND CLASSIFICATION AND IMPORTANCE OF MAMMALS IN CONTEXT OF NEPAL (5)

UNIT 2 DEFINITION AND GLOSSARY OF MAMMALOGIICAL TERMS (3)2.1 Dentition, arboreal, diaphragm, diastema, echolocation, implantation,

lactation, juvenile, sweet gland, mammary gland, body temperature, courtship behavior, parental care.

UNIT 3 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY (12)3.1 Digestive, circulation, respiration, nervous, excretion and reproduction.

UNIT 4 A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL ENDOCRINOLOGY (4)

4.1 Thyroid, pituitary, gonads, pancreas and adrenal glands

PRACTICALS:

1. Dissection – general anatomy of pigeon2. Slide preparation – pectin of pigeon3. Field identification of common birds around the campus area.4. Dissection of rat – general anatomy and skin preparation.5. Identification of small mammals in the campus area.


Birds of Nepal – Robert FlemingBirds – KotpalFundamental s of wildlife management – Rajesh GopalMammals – GudersorMammals – Kotpal


COURSE CODE: WME 603*COURSE TITLE: GIS APPLICATION IN NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 25 PRACTICAL:

25

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: After completion of the course the students will be able to understand the basic concept of Raster and Vector GIS and it's application to watershed and natural Resources Management.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: At the end of the classes the student will be able to:

1. Understand the basic terminology of raster GIS and its application to Forest and watershed management

2. Understand the basic terminology of Vector GIS and its application to watershed and Forest resources management

3. Carry map Projection and prepare maps in real earth coordinates.4. Compare the merits and demerits of the raster and the vector GIS.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATIONSYSTEM (GIS) (3)

1.1. What is GIS? Components of GIS. 1.2. Questions that GIS can answer.1.3. Kinds of GIS models1.4. Raster GIS

1.4.1 Software used in Raster GIS and Terminology: map, image, cell, feature, object, capture, digitization, and documentation.

1.4.2 Data store, Management and display1.4.3 Spatial Modeling

UNIT 2 RASTER DATA STRUCTURE AND DIGITIZING (3)2.1. Data types: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, and, Ratio2.2. The Raster2.3 Creating thematic data layer2.4. Digitizing rules2.5. Data Management

UNIT 3 CHARACTERIZING LAYERS (3)3.1. Viewing options3.2. Printing the values of the cells

3.2.1. Printing symbols: Palette, truncate, color, autoscale, stretch.3.3. Generalization and classification and other useful information about maps 3.4. Reclassification

UNIT 4 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL, SLOPE,ASPECT AND AREA (4)

4.1. Preparation of DEM (Raster and Vector GIS)4.2 Slope and aspect4.3. Slope calculation


4.4. Measurements: Area, perimeter and grouping4.5. Performing spatial analysis

4.5.1 Distance and buffering4.5.2 Overlay: Functions of the overlay4.5.3. Boolean logic

4.6 Performing watershed and view shed

UNIT 5 INTRODUCTION TO VECTOR GIS (5)5.1. Basic map concept5.2. Storing spatial data in Vector GIS5.3. Representing map in the computer5.4. Representing multiple features5.5. Topology5.6. Terminology review

UNIT 6 DIGITIZING THE VECTOR DATA BASE (4)6.1. Data capture6.2. Digitizing6.3. Steps used to capture the data by digitizing6.4. Tics and their uses in the Vector GIS6.5. Digitizing from a map manuscript and adding labels6.6. Constructing topology6.7. Identifying digitizing error and correcting spatial data.6.8 Creating thematic layers6.9 Vector data structure and database management

UNIT 7 MAP PROJECTION AND SPATIAL ANALYSIS (3)7.1. Real world co-ordinate system 7.2. Co-ordinate system for a multicoverage data base7.3. Map Projection and projection systems used in Nepal7.4. Map preparation and printing7.5 Buffering and performing spatial analysis in Vector GIS

PRACTICALS1. Introduction to GIS software and their uses2. Creation of digital elevation model for a micro watershed3. Digitizing the thematic layers in raster GIS for a selected micro watershed.4. Performing spatial analysis for micro-watershed in raster GIS.5. Performing slope, aspect, and watershed in the raster GIS or vector GIS6. Introduction to vector GIS software7. Digitizing tics and maps in vector GIS8. Building topology9. Map projection10. Carrying simple spatial analysis 11. Final project on selected topics

TEXTS AND REFERENCES BOOKS1. Spatial Modeling, A text for instruction in Raster GIS by Lee Herrengtion,

State University of New york College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse


2. Uderstanding GIS the ARC/INFO method. Environmental System Research Institute Inc. 380 New York street, Redlands, California 92373 USA.

3. Principles of Geographical Information System, Burroughs, PA and Mc. Donnell, RA, Oxford University Press (1998)

4. Principles of Geographic Information System for Land Resources Assessment, Burroughs, PA, Clarendon Press Oxford (1986)

5. Geographic Information Systems: An Introduction by J. Stars & J.Estates, Prentice Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 07632, USA (1990).

6. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems, Kang-tsung Chang, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India (2002).

7. GIS Application for Natural Resources Management Michael Heid and Art Shortreid (1991)

8. ADB Environment Paper No.9; 1991; Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System for Natural Resources Management, Edited by Rajan, M.S.; Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines.

9. Geographic Information Systems: A management perspective; Aronoff, S.; WDL Publications, Ottawa, Canada (1989).

10. GIS for Begginners, Introductory GIS Concepts and Hands–on Exercises. Basanta Shrestha, Birendra Bajracharya, Sushil Pradhan, MENRIS, ICIMOD, Kathmandu, Nepal (2001).

11. Manual of ArcView 3.1, 3.2, (1998), ESRI.12. Manual of ArcView Spatial Analyst 1998, ESRI.13. Manual of Cartalinx14. Manuals on GIS, ICIMOD


COURSE CODE: WME 603*COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (Elective)FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40

PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: After completion of this course students will gain general knowledge about pollution (air, miler and land), and solid master pollution etc.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: At the end of the course the students will be able to:

1. Understand the principles and practice of analytical chemistry.2. Understand about pollution and is management.3. Understand the solid waste pollution and is management.4. Understand the practical process to detect the elements in organic compounds.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (4)

1.1 Role of environmental chemistry in natural resources, 1.2 Definition of pollution pollutants, Types of pollution (air pollution, water

pollution, solid waste pollution, radiation pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, etc).

1.3 Role of plants as anti-pollutant in nature

UNIT 2 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (8)

2.1 Common analytical techniques/methods used for determining various types of

pollutants

UNIT 3 ATMOSPHERIC/AIR POLLUTION (7)

3.1 Stratification of atmosphere 3.2 Ozone layer and its importance3.3 Green house effect, its cause and control3.4 Major source of air pollution and Major pollutants 3.5 Classification and sampling procedure 3.6 Analytical methods 3.7 Adverse effect of air pollution on plants and animals3.8 Control measure3.9 Global warming, Carbon dioxide/ Carbon sequestration

UNIT 4 WATER POLLUTION (7)

4.1 Introduction4.2 Water standards for different uses 4.3 Water pollutants and major source of water (surface and ground) pollution.4.4 Analytical methods, water treatment (Textile, Paper, Soap, Leather, and

Chemical indicators)


UNIT 5 LANDS POLLUTION (10)

5.1 Introduction5.2 Source of land pollution and Main pollutant5.3 Adverse effect of land pollution on plants and animals5.4 Control measures5.5 Toxicology (concept)5.6. Chemical hazards

5.6.1 Adverse effect of toxic organic chemicals on Environment5.6.2 Adverse effect of toxic inorganic substances on Environment

5.7 Pesticides and its potential adverse effects

UNIT 6 SOLID WASTE POLLUTION (4)

6.1 Introduction6.2 Types of solid wastes 6.3 Effect of pollution6.4 Control measures.


1. Advanced organic chemistry, B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl2. A Textbook of Organic Chemistry, K.S. Tiwari & others.3. Air pollution, M.N. Rao and H.V. Rao4. Environmental Pollution, Timmy Kanyal and N. Satayl5. Environmental Chemistry, A.K. Dey6. Environmental & Biochemistry, V.P. Kudesia & U.K. Jetley7. Fundamentals of air and water pollution, P.C. Mishra8. Environmental Conservation, J.B. Lal

PRACTICAL

1. Element detection present in organic compounds: N, S, Cl, Br & I2. Determination of M.P. and B.P. of organic substance3. Identification of organic compounds: alcohol, glycerine, acetone, oxalate,

formate, acetate, etc.4. Preparation of organic compounds: Nitrobenze, Phenol etc. (at least two)

PRACTICAL BOOKS:

Basic Qualitative Analysis – B.N. YadavQualitative Analysis – K.R. Palak


COURSE CODE: BSH 603*COURSE TITLE: BIO-CHEMISTRY (Elective)FULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: To understand biochemical compounds and their role in plants and animals.


1. Demonstrate knowledge of various sources of natural products, their structures, and biological importance.

2. Describe the reactivities of various organic compounds and their general preparations.

3. Understand the sources, structure and metabolism of carbohydrate, fats and oils.4. Describe the roles and bio properties of proteins, hormones, vitamins, and

enzymes.5. Appreciate the hereditary role of nucleic acids in the form of DNA and RNA.6. Understand the sources and importance of minor forest products.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (2)1.1 Biochemistry and its role in nature.1.2 Prospect and limitation of Bio-chemistry in Nepal

UNIT 2 CARBOHYDRATES (10)2.1 Introduction2.2 General Structure and properties2.3 Significance of carbohydrates in plants metabolism

UNIT 3 FATS AND OILS (6)3.1 Introduction3.2 Source of fats and oils3.3 Distinction between fats and oils and their uses 3.4 Soap manufacturing, and fat metabolism

UNIT 4 AMINO ACIDS AND PROTEINS (5)4.1 Introduction4.2 Classification and structure4.3 Properties and their Biological importance

UNIT 5 NUCLEIC ACIDS (5)5.1 Introduction 5.2 Classification and structure5.3 Molecular replication of DNA and its Importance5.4 Heredity and genetic code

UNIT 6 ALKALOIDS (3)6.1 Introduction and source 6.2 General properties6.3 Biological Importance


UNIT 7 ENZYMES (3)7.1 Introduction and Classification7.2 Role of enzymes in plants 7.3 Mechanism of enzyme action

UNIT 8 VITAMINS (4)8.1 Introduction and classification8.2 Source, structure and their biological importance (A, B, B6, B12, C, D, E)

UNIT 9 HORMONES (4)9.1 Introduction9.2 Brief description of Auxins, Gibberlins, and Cytokins9.3 Sources and major roles

UNIT 10 CHEMISTRY OF MINOR FOREST PRODUCTS (6)10.1 Introduction 10.2 Brief description of Dyes, Drugs, Essential oils, Resins and Tannin

PRACTICAL:

Tests of: 1. Carbohydrate2. Protein 3. Effect of water-soluble nitrogenous compounds on plant seedlings.4. Effect of hormones on plant 5. Field/Laboratory experiments


1. Outlines of Biochemistry, E. Econ and Pumf.2. Modern Concepts of Bio-chemistry, Robert Bohinski.3. Biochemistry for Students, Dr. V.K.Malhotra


COURSE CODE: WME 603COURSE TITLE: RANGE MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVE: By the end of the course, the students will have gained knowledge and skills regarding the concepts and practices of forage resource management in the context of the mixed farm-forest-grazing land system of Nepal.


1. Understand concepts of range science and be able to apply such concepts in management scenarios.

2. Understand and apply the principles of vegetation management to improve wildlife habitat and livestock production.

3. Understand and practice the concepts of carrying capacity in range management decision making.

4. Describe and discuss problems and prospects of integrated forage resource management and how such issues differ in the different physiographic regions of Nepal.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (3)1.1 Definitions: rangeland, pasture, grassland, forage, herbage, browse, range

science, range management1.2 Range ecosystems of Nepal (by physiographic region) (0.5)1.3 Forage resources of Nepal: the farm-forest linkage (0.5)1.4 Importance of livestock in Nepal agro-ecosystems (0.5)

UNIT 2 RANGELAND ECOLOGY AND ANIMAL BEHAVIOR (4)2.1 Physiological, and morphological effects of grazing

2.1.1 Defoliation effects on the physical environment2.1.2 Plant tolerance to defoliation

- Timing, frequency and intensity of defoliation- Completion of plant replacement cycle- Avoidance- Maintenance of growth rate- Survival under stress- Carbohydrate cycle in grasses

2.2 Plant succession and community composition in range ecosystems2.2.1 Factors that define "artificial" and "natural"

grassland2.2.1.1 Physical factors causing stress

- Definition of stress- Climate- Edaphically and physiographic

2.2.1.2 Human and natural disturbances, definition of disturbance- Fire- Land-clearing- grazing


- land slides, etc...2.2.1.3 Competition

- Definition of plant competition2.2.2 Success ional response to grazing in different

environments2.2.3 Examples from Nepal and relevant management

objectives2.3 Grazing behaviors of livestock and wildlife

2.3.1 Grazing habits of different animals (domestic and wild)

2.3.2 Palatability of forage species2.3.3 Preference for range plants by livestock and

wildlife

UNIT 3 RANGE INVENTORY (7)3.1 Purpose of range inventory3.2 Vegetation analysis

3.3.1 Species listing including important fodder species3.3.2 General observations3.3.3 Cover

- visual estimation- point methods- line interception

3.3.4 Density3.3.5 Frequency

3.4 Determination of carrying/grazing capacity 3.4.1 Definitions3.4.2 How to determine carrying/grazing capacity3.4.3 Limitations of the carrying capacity concept

3.5 Range condition classification for Nepal 3.5.1 Concepts and definitions3.5.2 Classification systems3.5.3 Condition trend analysis

UNIT 4 RANGE IMPROVEMENTS (3)4.1. Nutrient management / Nutrient Cycle4.2. Vegetation manipulation of rangelands

4.2.1 Manipulating vegetation with grazing animals- Grazing systems - definitions

4.2.2 Fire as a management tool (summary)4.2.3 Weed control with pesticides

UNIT 5 GRAZING MANAGEMENT (6)5.1 Indigenous herding systems in Nepal

5.1.1 Local herding systems5.1.2 Trans-humance sheep herding5.1.3 Rotation systems

5.2 Socio-economic factors influencing livestock population and structure5.2.1 Markets5.2.2 Labor availability


5.2.3 Cultural/religious taboos5.2.4 Constraints to livestock production5.2.5 Conflict analysis and management

UNIT 6 FORAGE MANAGEMENT IN CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY FORESTRY (5)

6.1 Forage resource development in community forestry plantations6.2 Over story / under story vegetation management

6.2.1 Secondary growth forest6.2.2 Plantation forest

6.3 Multiple uses of forest grazing land6.3.1 Fodder production6.3.2 Fuel wood and timber production6.3.3 Litter production6.3.4. Biodiversity6.3.5. Recreational6.3.6. Tourism6.3.7. Carbon sequestration

UNIT 7 FORAGE MANAGEMENT IN CONTEXT OF THE FARMING SYSTEM (4)

7.1 Terrace and bund improvements7.2 Utilization of non-agricultural inclusions (gullies, kharbari)7.4 Improved management of fodder trees7.5 Improved crop residue management 7.6 Proper feeding techniques (improved stalls, concentrates)7.7 Silage and hay production7.8. Pasture Improvement

7.9.1. Seeding7.9.2. Fertilization7.9.3. Seed production

UNIT 8 INTEGRATED FORAGE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (4)8.1 Integration of farm/forest/livestock systems8.2 Planning the annual forage budget8.3 Problems and prospects

8.3.1 Bottlenecks to implementation of forage resource development

8.3.2 Policy recommendations to overcome limitations

UNIT 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS OF RANGELAND MANAGEMENT (4)

9.1. Introduction to traditional management9.2. Stakeholder Analysis of Rangelands9.3. Modern institutional management 9.4. Policy and Tenure System

PRACTICAL

1. Vegetation identification observation and mapping


2. Measuring vegetation (herbage and browse) production3. Measuring plant density and frequency4. Measuring plant cover (basal and canopy)5. Methods of measuring forage utilization6. Pasture characterization: for livestock, wildlife7. Calculating carrying grazing capacity8. Range classification exercises9. Stakeholder analysis

RECOMMENDED LAB SITES

1. Green Pastures Hospital grounds (perform an annual fodderbudget for existing livestock population)

2. Local village area - prepare fodder budget for one household per student

3. Set up consistent yearly management tour route so that effective practical sites can be developed and repeatedly used.


Course Code: PWM 603*Course Title: CONSERVATION BIOLOGYFull Mark: 50

OBJECTIVES: The overall objective of the course is to make students understand the concepts and principles of conservation biology and make them able to apply these principles in sustainable management biological resources.

UNIT 1 EVOLUTION AND EXTINCTION1.1 Evolutionary aspects of diversity1.2 Speciation and Evolution Measures of Diversity1.3 Geological Patterns of Extinction 1.4 Current Patterns of Extinction

UNIT 2 GENETICS IN CONSERVATION2.1 Basic Genetics Review2.2 Evolution and Population Genetics2.3 Heterozygosity and inbreeding2.4 Genetic Models in Conservation

UNIT 3 BEHAVIOR AND CONSERVATION3.1 The Evolution of Social Behavior3.2 Mating Systems and Cons.3.3 Territoriality and Dispersal

UNIT 4 POPULATION BIOLOGY IN CONSERVATION4.1 Basic Population Growth Models4.2 Stochasticity and Pop. Decline4.3 Social Effects of Pop. Decline4.4 Population Viability Analysis4.5 Metapopulation Analysis

UNIT 5 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY IN CONSERVATION5.1 Predation and Herbivory5.2 Parasitism5.3 Disease Vectors5.4 Commensalism and Mutualism5.5 Keystone and Umbrella Species

UNIT 6 FOREST AND RANGE DIVERSITY6.1 Distribution, threat, changes, values & management

UNIT 7 AGRICULTURAL AND LIVESTOCK DIVERSITY7.1 Distribution, threat, changes, values & management of crop genetic resources

UNIT 8 AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY8.1 Distribution, threat, changes, values & management


UNIT 9 CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

9.1 Government actions, conservation programmes and international approaches in Nepal

UNIT 10 APPLICATIONS: CASE STUDIES10.1 Rhinoceros Translocation10.2 Crocodile Breeding10.3 Blackbuck Reintroduction10.4 Tiger Conservation Plan10.5 Other Nepalese Examples

EXERCISES AND PAPERS

1. Major written test (2 credits)2. Group evaluation of a conservation project, and presentation (1 credit)


1. Caughly, G. and A. Gunn. 1996. Conservation Biology in Theory and Practice. Blackwell Scientific, Cambridge, UK.

2. Ehrlich, P. R. 1981. Extinction: The Causes and Consequences of the Disappearance of Species. Random House, New York.

3. Eldridge, N. (ed). 1992. Systematics, Ecology and the Biodiversity Crisis. Columbia University Press, New York.

4. Falconer, D. S. 1981. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, New York.Fiedler, P. L. and S. K. Jain. 1992. Conservation Biology: Theory and Practice of

Conservation, Preservation and Management. Chapman and Hall, New York5. Gilpin, M. and I Hanski. (eds). 1991. Metapopulation Dynamics: Empirical and

Theoretical Investigations. Academic Press, San Diego.6. Grumbine, R. E. 1992. Ghost Bears. Island Press, Washington, DC.7. Hudson, W. (ed.). 1991. Landscape Linkages and Biodiversity. Island Press,

Washington, DC.8. Hunter, M. L. Jr. 1996. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. Blackwell

Scientific, Cambridge, MA.9. Meffe, G. K. and C. R. Carroll. 1997. Principles of Conservation Biology.

Sinaur Associates, Sunderland, MA.10. Pearl, M. and D. Western (eds). Conservation for the Twenty-first Century.

Oxford University Press, UK.11. Schonewald-Cox, C. M (et al; eds.). 1983. Genetics and Conservation.

Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.12. Soule, M. E. (ed). 1986. Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and

Diversity. Sinaur Associates, Sunderland, MA.13. Soule, M. E. (ed). 1987. Viable Populations for Conservation. Cambridge

Univ. Press, New York.14. Soule, M. E. and B. A. Wilcox. 1980. Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-

Ecological Perspective. Sinaur Associates, Sunderland, MA.15. Wilson, E. O. 1992. The Diversity of Life. Harvard University Press, Cambridge,

MA.


Primer, R.B : Principle of Conservation Biology HMG 2000 : Nepal Biodiversity Action Plan


COURSE CODE: PWM 604COURSE TITLE: PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENTFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: At the end of the course students will be able to gain the general knowledge about planning implementation, and evaluation of protection area management

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: After the completion of the course, the students should be able to:

1. Demonstrate understanding of modern concepts related to the basis of establishing protected areas.

2. Examine planning, implementation, and evaluation of management strategies of protected areas.

3. Demonstrate familiarity with conservation education, communications, and public relations schemes, as well as knowledge of integrated approaches used in protected area systems.

4. Name the protected areas of Nepal and discuss their significance.5. Resolve park-people conflicts and address local needs.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (4)1.1 Modern concepts of protected areas1.2 Categories of protected areas1.3 Criteria for selecting protected areas1.4 Policy, law and administration for managing protected areas

UNIT 2 PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION OF PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (7)

2.1 Planning2.1.1 Introduction2.1.2 National strategies for conservation2.1.3 Management plans2.1.4 Annual operation plans2.1.5 Site plans2.1.6 Planning research programs for protected areas

2.2 Implementation2.2.1 Introduction2.2.2 Management of staff and their duties2.2.3 Inspection and supervision2.2.4 Patrolling2.2.5 Inservice training2.2.6 Law enforcement

2.3 Evaluation2.3.1 Introduction2.3.2 Evaluating cost effectiveness2.3.3 Assessing achievement of goals2.3.4 The use of checklists in evaluating management


UNIT 3 MANAGING PROTECTED AREAS (10)3.1 Introduction3.2 Management of genetic diversity3.3 Management of rare and endangered species3.4 Management of over abundant populations3.5 Introductions, reintroductions, and translocations3.6 Case studies (rhinos, gharial, and black buck)3.7 Restoration of vegetation3.8 Fire and grazing as management tools3.9 Harvesting both plant products and animals in and around protected areas3.10 Wildlife farming and utilization3.11 Management of wetlands3.12 Management oriented research studies3.13 Evaluation and monitoring3.14 Management trials

3.15 Zoning

UNIT 4 INTEGRATED PROTECTED AREA APPROACH AND LOCAL PEOPLE (12)

4.1 Integrating protected areas in regional land use program4.1.1 Introduction4.1.2 Protected area and development4.1.3 Environmental and sanitation services

4.2 Local people and protected areas4.2.1 Introduction4.2.2 Protected area and people4.2.3 Grazing in and harvesting from protected areas4.2.4 Local employment4.2.5 Provision of social services4.2.6 Resolving conflicts between park/people

4.3 Communication and public relations4.3.1 Introduction4.3.2 Visitor information and interpretation services4.3.3 Local village extension service4.3.4 Publicity and public relationS4.3.5 Committees and dialogue4.3.6 Internal newsletter and information

4.4 Conservation education4.5 Modern approaches in integrated protected area planning

4.5.1 ZOPP (Objective Oriented Project Planning)4.5.2 Appa (Appriciative Project Planning and Action4.5.3 GIS and GPS (Geographic information system and global position

system)

UNIT 5 PROTECTED AREAS OF NEPAL (5)5.1 Protected areas and their unique features.5.2 Analysis of problems and prospects of protected areas.5.3 Compararision of management approaches:

5.3.1. National parks wildlife reserve.5.3.2. ACAP


5.3.3. MBNP and CA5.3.4. Park and people approach

UNIT 6 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION (2)6.1 Introduction6.2 Needs6.3 Types of assistance6.4 Organizations: UN agencies, NGOs, Bilateral assistance, Volunteer

organizations6.5 Preparation and submission of requests for assistance

FIELD EXERCISE:

1. Visit Mountain/Terai parks to study the management system2. Evaluation of Park management3. Survey of management personnel, protection unit people and local

people, tourists and hoteliers.4. Study of buffer zone management5. Writing field trip report


1. Uprety, Heinin, and Mehta, National Parks and Administration in Nepal

2. IUCN/UNEP (1986) Managing protected areas in the tropics3. Mckinnon Buffer Zone Management in the tropics


COURSE CODE: WME 605COURSE TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCEFULL MARKS: 50

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this students will be able to gain general knowledge about ecosystem & habitat, environmental management strategies, environmental assessment infract etc.

SPEFIC OBJECTIVES: On completion of the course, the students will be able to:

1. Understand concepts of environmental science and its interrelationship with other disciplines

2. Explain the main policy and laws of environmental protection of a given sector

3. Prepare a case study report on environmental impact of one of the aspects in relation to a given development activity using IEE/EIA tool.

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION (4)1.1 Definition, scope of development of environmental science1.2 Recent concept of environmental studies1.3 Importance of environmental studies, particularly in the context of Nepal

UNIT 2 ECOSYSTEM AND HABITAT (6)2.1 Concept of ecosystem and function2.2 Organism - environment interaction2.3 Community diversity: species diversity and landscape diversity

animals2.4 Inter-relationships between human population and their culture and

natural environment

UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (10)3.1 Introduction to caring for earth (concept, need, one example each of national

and local conservation efforts in relation to land, water, air, forest, care of a community)

3.2 Optimum resource utilization (4R - reduction, reuse and recycling/reformulation)

3.3 Government's policy, laws and programs regarding environment conservation (national policy, role of District Development Committee and Village Development Committee as per good governance and decentralization)

3.4 Environmental degradation: land and forest, impact of degradation, strategy for mitigation of a degraded land and deforested area as a case study

UNIT 4 ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (7)4.1 Introduction to environmental pollution4.2 Air pollution (concept, causes, effects and controlling methods)4.3 Water pollution (concept, causes, effects and controlling methods)4.4 Land pollution (concept, causes, effects and controlling methods)4.5 Noise pollution (concept, causes, effects and controlling methods)4.6 “Solid waste pollution its type , effects and control measures"


UNIT 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING (14)5.1 Introduction to environment (concept, types of environment,

interrelationship/dependency, need of environmental management; tools of environmental management: IEE and EIA)

5.2 Initial environmental examination (IEE)5.2.1 Definition, significance, procedures, main aspects of IEE (physical,

biological, social, economic, cultural)5.2.2 Methodology (aspects of data collection: physical, biological, social,

economic, cultural; data collection methods, data analysis, impact identification, impact prediction, mitigation measure, report preparation)

5.3 Environmental Impact assessment (EIA)5.3.1 Definition, significance, procedures, main aspects of EIA (physical,

biological, social, economic, cultural)5.3.2 Methodology (aspects of data collection: physical, biological, social,

economic, cultural; data collection methods, data analysis, impact identification, impact prediction, mitigation measure, report preparation)

UNIT 6 GLOBAL WARMING (4) 6.1 Concept of global warming 6.2 Main factors causing global warning 6.3 Effects of global warming6.4 Mitigation measures at global level and national level6.5 “Ozone depletion, green house gas”.

FIELD EXERCISE

1. Case study of water pollution in a Lake or pond2. Case study of air pollution near bus park or polluted area3. Case study of the impact of road construction4. Case study of damage of trees due to atmospheric pollution (e.g. Cement

Factory).5. Case study of waste management system of a specific site6. Case study of a degraded land or deforested area (include improvement

strategy)7. Case study of IEE on a forest area.

Note: Field visit on all above activity but case study preparation is required on any three cases.


1. EIA guidelines prepared by FAO, ADB, IUCN, National Planning Commission and USDA.

2. IEE training resource kit prepared by Institute of Environmental Management/ESPS/DANIDA, 2004

3. EIA training resource kit prepared by Institute of Environmental Management/ESPS/DANIDA, 2004

4. Reports on EIA of Arun III Project by UNDP/ KMTNC/WORLD BANK.


5. Text book on Ecology by Spurr.6. World for one Earth – by Philip Sarre & Pond smith Earth scars Publications

limited, London.7. State of the Environment Nepal – His Majesty's Government Ministry of

Population & environment, June 1998.8. jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)^# / jftfj/0f lgodfjnL, @)^$ >L % sf] ;/sf/

hg;+Vof tyf jftfj/0ff dGqfno9. EIA Training Manual for Professionals and Managers, IUCN, Nepal, 199610. Community Mobilization Guidelines - Rural Energy Development

Programme, REDP/UNDP Public11. Environment Management Guidelines - Rural Energy Development

Programme NEP, 95/016, HMG, UNDP12. Guidelines for Phewa lake conservation IUCN, Nepal 199513. Ecology 200 – Sir A. Hillary14. EIA Forestry Sector Guidelines 1995, IUCN, Nepal


COURSE CODE: SFM 606COURSE TITLE: Field TrainingFULL MARKS: 25

A practical field-training exercise for two weeks will be conducted in Nepal to prepare a forest management plan. The concerned campuses will provide details of the program. The supervising faculty will evaluate the field training of the students.


COURSE CODE: SFM 607COURSE TITLE: COMMUNITY FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 75 THEORY: 75

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: By the end of the course, the students will possess an in-depth knowledge with the current status, issues and strategies of community forestry in Nepal as well as equipped with tools for planning, implementing and evaluating community forestry projects and activities.


1. Describe the limitations of conventional community forestry programs in Nepal.

2. Identify the management problems of small-scale forestry.3. Discuss scope, strengths and limitations of user groups.4. Advise on improving the functions, effectiveness and sustainability of forest

user groups as well as their forest management capabilities.

UNIT 1 DEVELOPMENT OF CF IN NEPAL 1.1 Evolution of Community Forestry 1.2 Conventional Vs community forestry 1.3 Lessons learned from community forestry experiences 1.4 Current national strategies in community forestry

UNIT 2 DYNAMICS IN COMMUNITY FORESTRY 2.1 Group dynamics in different user groups 2.2 Process and tools of User Group formation- PRA, participatory well being

ranking-PWBR 2.3 Procedures of preparing CFUG constitution 2.4 Procedures of preparing forestry operation plan

UNIT 3 IMPROVING FOREST OPERATION PLAN FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

3.1 Sustainable forest management 3.2 Integrated resource management strategies (wild life, soil, forest, tourism, Biodiversity) 3.3 Community forest inventory and sustained yield 3.4 Gender, social equity, diversity good governance, livelihood framework3.5 Promotion of enterprise and entrepreneurship development

UNIT 4 CASE STUDIES IN CURRENT CF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

4.1 SWOT/L Appreciative inquiry/Spider web tool 4.2 Stakeholders/interest group analysis and their relationship 4.3 Roles and responsibilities of user group, CFUG committee, DFO, and other

supporting stakeholders 4.4 Gender and social inclusion/exclusion in forest management practices 4.5 Enterprise and entrepreneurship development


UNIT 5 CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN COMMUNITY FORESTRY 5.1 Introduction to conflict 5.2 Types of conflicts/nature of conflicts 5.3 Principles of conflict management 5.4 Identify conflict, issues in community forestry 5.5 Cases of conflict management related to resource management

UNIT 6 COMMUNITY FORESTRY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT 6.1 Concept of development 6.2 Role of CF in MDG and PRSP 6.3 Contribution in livelihoods- Livelihood framework 6.4 Biodiversity conservation 6.5 Eco tourism

TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Joint technical review in community forestry, Ministry of forest and soil conservation 2000.

2. Twenty five year of community forestry (Proceeding of forth National Workshop of Community Forestry)

3. Entrepreneurship development, Dr. Shyam Joshi, (Taleju Parkashan)4. Entrepreneurship development, Devid H. Holt, Prentice Hill publication5. Human development report – 1997, UNDP, Kathmandu.6. Political Ecology of Community forestry in Nepal – B. Garner University of

Wesladen


COURSE CODE: SFM 608COURSE TITLE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR FORESTRYFULL MARKS: 50 THEORY: 40 PRACTICAL: 10

GENERAL OBJECTIVES: After completion of this course the students will be able to understand general concepts, meaning and philosophy of research methods and develop basic skills of scientific report writing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Students are expected to develop the following specific knowledge and skills.

1. Meaning and types of research and their characteristics 2. Various research designs and their steps3. Methods of data collection, analysis and interpretation4. Preparing scientific report and its presentation.

UNIT 1 MEANING AND PHILOSPHY OF RESEARCH (5) 1.1 Meaning (Social Sciences and Biophysical research)1.2 Philosophy/Theory of science1.3 Basic Characteristics of research 1.4 Type of research

UNIT 2 LANGUAGE OF SOCIAL RESEARCH (7)2.1 Concept-Construct-hypothesis-theory2.2 Variable2.3 Measurements of variables (scaling)2.4 Reliability and validity2.5 Accuracy, precision and biases

UNIT 3 BASIC STEPS OF A RESEARCH (4)3.1 Identification of research problem3.2 Literature review3.3 Designing a research (conceptual framework)3.4 Hypotheses and definition of terms3.5 Methods 3.6 Data collection3.7. Analysis and interpretation3.8 Report writing and presentation

UNIT 4 RESEARCH DESIGN (8)4.1 Meaning and nature4.2 Exploratory and descriptive/diagnostic Research design 4.3 Experimental design

4.3.1 Casualty and causal inferences4.3.2 Types of experimental design

4.4 Sampling design

UNIT 5 METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION (12)5.1 Survey,


5.2 Observation 5.3 Interviews 5.4 Questionnaire5.5 RRA/PRA

UNIT 6 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION (8)6.1 Classification and organization of data. 6.2 Statistical tests6.3 Choosing an appropriate test6.4 Interpretation of findings

UNIT 7 REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION (5)7.1 How to write a research proposal 7.2 How to write scientific paper 7.3 Format of research report.

PRACTICAL

1. Determination Of proper sample size2. Exercise in laying out socio-economic research-case study3. Research project (each student picks up an issue and develops a full research

proposal)4. Computer use for social and biological research


1. C.R. Kothari – Research methodology. Methods and techniques.2. Fred N. Kerlinger – Foundation of Behavioral Research.3. Monette, Sullivan, Dejong, - Applied Social Research. Tools for The

Human Services.4. Earl Babbe. The practice of Social Research5. Dr. M.L.Singh. Understanding of Research Methodology.6. Howard K. Wolf and P.R. Pant. A Handbook for Social Science Research

and Thesis Writing. The second Edition.


COURSE CODE: SFM 650COURSE TITLE: STUDENT SEMINARFULL MARKS: 25

All students must present seminar based on their project paper work. The grading of the seminar will be based on the methodology developed by the seminar co-ordinator.


COURSE CODE: SFM 651COURSE TITLE: PROJECT PAPERFULL MARKS: 100

As a partial fulfillment for the requirement if B. Sc. Forestry degree, all students must work on their project paper. Students are encouraged to conduct original research work based on their interests. Project papers will be finalized in coordination with campus administration on recommendation of respective student's supervisor. The project paper will be evaluated both by the supervisor and an external evaluator.


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