Vietnam War Student Protests/ Counter Culture 1964 – 1973.
-
Upload
edmund-hutchinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
224 -
download
2
Transcript of Vietnam War Student Protests/ Counter Culture 1964 – 1973.
Vietnam War Vietnam War Student Protests/ Student Protests/Counter CultureCounter Culture
1964 – 19731964 – 1973
Student ActivismStudent Activism Pentagon PapersPentagon Papers
Described how US Described how US Gov’t lied about warGov’t lied about war
Baby-boomers and Baby-boomers and collegecollege
– Many went to college Many went to college – Had a different world Had a different world
view than their WWII-view than their WWII-era parentsera parents
Students for a Students for a Democratic Society Democratic Society (University of Michigan)(University of Michigan)
New LeftNew Left
Free Speech MovementFree Speech Movement
UC – BerkleyUC – Berkley– Students’ free speech Students’ free speech
hampered by school hampered by school officials, they protestofficials, they protest
– Police are called inPolice are called in– Students take over Students take over
Admin. BuildingAdmin. Building– Students and Faculty Students and Faculty
strike for free speechstrike for free speech
Teach-InsTeach-Ins– Teachers have Teachers have
special classes to special classes to teach about Vietnam teach about Vietnam WarWar
Resistance to WarResistance to War
Selective Service Act – DraftSelective Service Act – Draft Conscientious Objectors – oppose war on Conscientious Objectors – oppose war on
religious groundsreligious grounds– Example: Muhammad AliExample: Muhammad Ali
Deferment – college students don’t have Deferment – college students don’t have to be draftedto be drafted
1965 – LBJ doubles # of men drafted twice 1965 – LBJ doubles # of men drafted twice during the yearduring the year
1967 – College students with low scores 1967 – College students with low scores could be draftedcould be drafted
Avoiding the DraftAvoiding the Draft Thousands claim to be Thousands claim to be
conscientious objectors, conscientious objectors, physical disabilities, or physical disabilities, or move to Canadamove to Canada
1967 – Marches in NYC 1967 – Marches in NYC and Wash, DC to and Wash, DC to protest warprotest war
1968 – 200 major 1968 – 200 major demonstrations at demonstrations at colleges and colleges and universitiesuniversities
1969 – National Chicano 1969 – National Chicano Moratorium Committee Moratorium Committee – claims war is racial– claims war is racial
Counter CultureCounter Culture Similar to 1950’s Similar to 1950’s
Beatniks Known as Beatniks Known as HippiesHippies
Sexual Revolution – Sexual Revolution – more open talk and more open talk and practices, more people practices, more people living together instead living together instead of getting married of getting married “Make Love, Not War”, “Make Love, Not War”, birth control pillbirth control pill
Drug Scene – influenced Drug Scene – influenced Counter Culture Counter Culture (Marijuana, (Marijuana, Lysergic Lysergic acid diethylamide = acid diethylamide = LSD) Overdoses – LSD) Overdoses – Hendrix, Joplin, MorrisonHendrix, Joplin, Morrison
Music World Music World Woodstock Music Woodstock Music
Festival in NY stateFestival in NY state– 200,000+ people200,000+ people– ““Three days of peace, Three days of peace,
love, and music” love, and music” August, 1969, High Point August, 1969, High Point of Counter Cultureof Counter Culture
Altamount – Rolling Altamount – Rolling Stones concert held at Stones concert held at Speedway in CASpeedway in CA– 300,000 attend, Hell’s 300,000 attend, Hell’s
Angels used as security, Angels used as security, killed a fankilled a fan
– Signaled the end of the Signaled the end of the Counter CultureCounter Culture
End of the WarEnd of the War LBJ chooses not to LBJ chooses not to
run for reelection in run for reelection in 1968 after Tet 1968 after Tet OffensiveOffensive
Paris Peace talks Paris Peace talks begin in May, 1968begin in May, 1968
Richard Nixon elected Richard Nixon elected president, says that president, says that US will turn war over US will turn war over to South Vietnamese to South Vietnamese Army Army (Vietnamization)(Vietnamization)– 1968 – 543,000 1968 – 543,000 – 1972 – 39,0001972 – 39,000– 1973 – Draft ended1973 – Draft ended
Invasion of CambodiaInvasion of Cambodia
Nixon begins secret Nixon begins secret bombing of Cambodia in bombing of Cambodia in 19701970
Caused civil war in Caused civil war in CambodiaCambodia
Kent State (OH) – students Kent State (OH) – students protest, Burn ROTC protest, Burn ROTC building, National Guard building, National Guard kills 4 students and kills 4 students and wounds 9 wounds 9
Jackson State (MS) – Jackson State (MS) – similar to Kent State, 2 similar to Kent State, 2 killed, 9 woundedkilled, 9 wounded
American WithdrawalAmerican Withdrawal
1972 – Nixon launches 1972 – Nixon launches heaviest bombing of heaviest bombing of warwar
““Peace is at Hand” Jan, Peace is at Hand” Jan, 1973 – Peace Treaty 1973 – Peace Treaty signedsigned– US removes all troopsUS removes all troops– POW’s releasedPOW’s released– Laos and Cambodia Laos and Cambodia
given freedomgiven freedom– 1717thth parallel – still border parallel – still border
South Vietnam Falls and Legacy of South Vietnam Falls and Legacy of WarWar Without US support, South Without US support, South
Vietnam loses war, Vietnam loses war, April, 1975 – War endsApril, 1975 – War ends US costsUS costs
– 58,000 Americans killed58,000 Americans killed– 300,000 wounded300,000 wounded– $150 billion spent$150 billion spent– Millions of Vietnamese Millions of Vietnamese
killedkilled– Laos and Cambodia Laos and Cambodia
become communistbecome communist Pol PotPol Pot
US after the warUS after the war– Soldiers treated poorly Soldiers treated poorly
when they come homewhen they come home– 2626thth Amendment – 18 to Amendment – 18 to
votevote– Vietnam War Memorial – Vietnam War Memorial –
The WallThe Wall– US opens trade with US opens trade with
Vietnam in 1994Vietnam in 1994