Vietnam Introduction
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Transcript of Vietnam Introduction
Essential QuestionEssential Question
What events led to U.S. What events led to U.S. involvement in the Vietnam involvement in the Vietnam
War?War?
The United States and VietnamThe United States and Vietnam
VietnamVietnam
Controlled by Controlled by France until WWIIFrance until WWII
Seized by JapanSeized by Japan
Pushed for Pushed for independence after independence after the warthe war
Ho Chi MinhHo Chi Minh
Leader of a Leader of a nationalist nationalist movement in movement in VietnamVietnam
Founded the Founded the VietminhVietminh
Domino TheoryDomino Theory
The belief that if The belief that if Vietnam fell to Vietnam fell to communism, all of communism, all of southeast Asia southeast Asia would followwould follow
Division of VietnamDivision of Vietnam
According to the According to the Geneva AccordsGeneva Accords
Divided at the 17Divided at the 17thth parallelparallel
Elections to be held Elections to be held in 1956 to unite the in 1956 to unite the countrycountry
North VietnamNorth Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh and Ho Chi Minh and the Vietminh the Vietminh controlled the northcontrolled the north
Communist Communist supporterssupporters
South VietnamSouth Vietnam
Pro-western regimePro-western regime
Led by Ngo Dinh Led by Ngo Dinh DiemDiem
Supported by the Supported by the U.S.U.S.
Diem’s GovernmentDiem’s Government
Diem regime Diem regime became corrupt became corrupt and repressiveand repressive
Refused to hold Refused to hold promised electionspromised elections
VietnamVietnam
Ho Chi Minh formed Ho Chi Minh formed the National the National Liberation Front Liberation Front (NLF) to reunite the (NLF) to reunite the countrycountry
Guerrilla terrorist Guerrilla terrorist forces known as the forces known as the VietcongVietcong
VietnamVietnam
November 1, November 1, 19631963
Diem Diem overthrown and overthrown and assassinatedassassinated
VietnamVietnam
Johnson followed Johnson followed idea of global idea of global containmentcontainment
““I am not going to I am not going to lose Vietnam”lose Vietnam”
Intended to Intended to increase troopsincrease troops
Gulf of Tonkin ResolutionGulf of Tonkin Resolution
August 2, 1964August 2, 1964
North Vietnamese North Vietnamese fired on U.S. destroyer fired on U.S. destroyer MaddoxMaddox
Congress gave Congress gave Johnson a mandate to Johnson a mandate to conduct operations in conduct operations in VietnamVietnam
War EscalatesWar Escalates
March 8, 1965March 8, 1965
Marines landed at Marines landed at Da NangDa Nang
By 1968, over By 1968, over 500,000 troops 500,000 troops were stationed in were stationed in VietnamVietnam
Vietnam WarfareVietnam Warfare
Vietcong used Vietcong used ambushes, booby ambushes, booby traps and guerilla traps and guerilla warfare in the thick warfare in the thick Asian junglesAsian jungles
Realities of WarRealities of War
““Three quarters of the way through the Three quarters of the way through the tangle, a trooper brushed against a two-tangle, a trooper brushed against a two-inch vine, and a grenade slung chest high inch vine, and a grenade slung chest high went off, shattering the right side of his went off, shattering the right side of his head and body . . . Nearby troopers took head and body . . . Nearby troopers took hold of the unconscious soldier and, half hold of the unconscious soldier and, half carrying, half dragging him, pulled him the carrying, half dragging him, pulled him the rest of the way through the tangle.”rest of the way through the tangle.”
Vietnam WarfareVietnam Warfare
U.S. carried out U.S. carried out search and destroy search and destroy missionsmissions
Get rid of thick jungle Get rid of thick jungle hiding places by hiding places by using napalm and using napalm and Agent Orange (kills Agent Orange (kills foliage)foliage)
Ho Chi Minh TrailHo Chi Minh Trail
Main supply line for Main supply line for the North Vietnamesethe North Vietnamese
Passed through Passed through Cambodia and LaosCambodia and Laos
Received military Received military support from China support from China and Vietnamand Vietnam
Tet OffensiveTet Offensive
January 1968January 1968
Vietcong launched Vietcong launched assaults on South assaults on South Vietnam, nearly Vietnam, nearly overran Saigonoverran Saigon
Americans viewed Americans viewed war as unwinnablewar as unwinnable
Antiwar MovementAntiwar Movement
By 1967 – U.S. By 1967 – U.S. public discontent public discontent with the warwith the war
Television Television coverage, body coverage, body counts, carnagecounts, carnage
Counterculture MovementsCounterculture Movements
Youth attack on Youth attack on mainstream mainstream AmericaAmerica
Student protestsStudent protests
Revolution against Revolution against middle class middle class respectabilityrespectability
MusicMusic
WoodstockWoodstock
Election of 1968Election of 1968
Democrat – Democrat – Hubert HumphreyHubert Humphrey
Republican – Republican – Richard NixonRichard Nixon
Independent – Independent – George WallaceGeorge Wallace
Troop WithdrawalTroop Withdrawal
June 1969June 1969
Nixon announced Nixon announced the withdrawal of the withdrawal of 25,000 troops25,000 troops
My Lai MassacreMy Lai Massacre
Nov. 1969Nov. 1969
Slaughter of 350 Slaughter of 350 Vietnamese Vietnamese villagers by U.S. villagers by U.S. troopstroops
Sinking morale Sinking morale among troopsamong troops
Mobilization DayMobilization Day
November 16, 1969November 16, 1969
½ million protestors ½ million protestors of the war in of the war in WashingtonWashington
Anger over news of Anger over news of Cambodia invasionCambodia invasion
Kent StateKent State
May 4, 1970May 4, 1970
National Guard fired National Guard fired into an anti-war rallyinto an anti-war rally
4 students killed, 11 4 students killed, 11 woundedwounded
Kent StateKent State
Kent StateKent State
Paris Peace AccordsParis Peace Accords
January 27, 1973January 27, 1973
Ceasefire Ceasefire agreement that agreement that accepted North accepted North Vietnamese troops Vietnamese troops in South Vietnamin South Vietnam
Troop withdrawal Troop withdrawal beganbegan
Vietnam ReunificationVietnam Reunification
March 1975 – final March 1975 – final offensive of North offensive of North Vietnamese against Vietnamese against the Souththe South
April 29, 1975 – April 29, 1975 – Vietnam was reunitedVietnam was reunited
Saigon renamed Ho Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh CityChi Minh City
Fall of SaigonFall of Saigon
Fall of SaigonFall of Saigon
Fall of SaigonFall of Saigon