Vietnam Conflict 1945 – 1975 French and American Intervention.
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Transcript of Vietnam Conflict 1945 – 1975 French and American Intervention.
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Vietnam Conflict
1945 – 1975
French and American Intervention
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French In Indo China
Prior to WW II French Colony Laos Vietnam and Cambodia
US and Vietminh fight together against Japan
Vietminh lead by HO CHI Minh
US Declaration of INDPENDENCE
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French Go to WAR
US Supported a free independent Vietnam and HoCHI Minh
France did north want to give up its colonies
Declared war on Vietnam in November of 1946
Guerilla warfare against the French
1950 France asked for US Help
US Helped do to Cold War – Containment
By 1954 US sent 2.6 billion in military aid
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US Support For France
French Defeat in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu
Surrounded and out gunned at the bottom of a valley
French troops mostly of the French Foreign Legion
56 day siege
Peace is made in 1954 divided Vietnam at the 17th II
Promise of free elections by 1956
US did not support peace plan or elections
Believed communist victory- if free election was allowed
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Dien Bien Phu 1953-54
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US involvement
Domino theory US supported NGO
DINH DIEM Catholic in a Buddhist
land – Anti communist 1957 refused to allow
elections to take place
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US
1954-1961 US sends another billion dollars to Vietnam- to support Diem
1957 Civil War begins do to canceled elections
Creation of the NFL or Viet Cong
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Green Berets
U.S Special Forces Speak multiple
languages and do multiple jobs.
342 were sent to NAM in 1954 to train the South Vietnamese
Advisory Groups
1957 The first Combat Berets were sent to Vietnam
Sept. 21 1961 5th Special Forces group is sent to Vietnam controlled all Special Forces Groups in Vietnam
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Green Berets
The Mission – develop paramilitary forces among the minority groups – Montagnards in the Central highlands
Fighting an unconventional war
Evasion – escape –subversion
Going to the Villages and providing security
A- Teams 12 Berets Moving mass amounts
of people to relocation camps – in Highlands
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Green Berets
The Montagnards – Indians
200,000 in South Vietnam
Hate the Vietnamese's People Live in the Mountains
Over 100 tribes in South East Asia
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Typical Beret Camp
Entrance to Tu Doc camp
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A Team Base In I Corps
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The Battle Fields
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14 DAYS IN OCTOBER 1962
By 1950 US BUSINESSS OWNED 90% OF THE CUBAN ECONOMY
1958 CASTRO OVERTHREW THE US SUPPORTED GOVT.
CASTRO WANTED US OUT
SOVIET SUPPORT LA BRIGADA
TRAINED BY CIA APRIL 17 1961 BAY
OF PIGS 1,500 COMMANDOS - FAILED
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CUBA CRISIS
KHRUSHCHEV SENT NUKES TO CUBA
OCT 14 U2 FOUND THEM
OCT 22 BLOCKADE OCT 26 BRINK OF
WAR OCT 28 REMOVAL
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MISSLE SITE FROM U-2
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KHRUSCHEV FIDEL CASTROKENNEDY
MISSLES IN CUBA
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Berets and advisors
By end of 1963 JFK sent 16,000 Green Berets and advisors to Vietnam
Small groups that conducted training – medical care – and guerilla warfare – throughout Vietnam
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Civil war to US troops
HUE 1963 Buddhist Monks in protest of Diem – Burn themselves alive in the streets
World turns on Diem Military Coup leaves
Diem Dead – 3 weeks later Kennedy is killed
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November 22nd 1963
Dallas Texas Kennedy assassination LBJ Sworn in on return
flight to Washington LBJ will increase
Vietnam Will not seek reelection
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Route
Book Depository
After the first shot After the second shot
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LBJ Sworn in on Air Force One
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Gulf of Tonkin resolution
LBJ President1964 Needed a reason to
commit more troops NV attacked a US
Destroyer that was patrolling while SV were infiltrating
Congress gave LBJ a green light for troops
1965 Operation Rolling Thunder
US Base attacked by VC in SV –
LBJ orders the bombing of NV and Laos and Cambodia along the HO Chi MNIH Trail
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Troops sent
Two months after Rolling Thunder Marines were sent to Da Nang
End of 65 180,000 troops
End of 66 360,000 troops
End of 67 500,000 troops
CONTAINMENT
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VIETNAM CONTINUED
THE TET OFFENSIVE 1968 NIXON ELECTION 1968 PARIS PEACE TALKS 1970 TAKING TO WAR TO OTHER
COUNTRIES 1972 Christmas Bombing 1973 March US Pull out
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TET OFFENSIVE
1967 STALEMATE GENERAL GIAP NVA DECIDES TO
ATTACK OVER THE LUNAR HOLIDAY TET IS A HOLIDAY OF PRAYER AND
ANCESTOR WORSHIP
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TET
JANUARY 30 1968 APPROX. 100,000 COMMUNIST SOLDIERS –VC-NVA ATTACKED 100 CITIES AND U.S BASES IN SOUTH VIETNAM.
KHE SANH – CAM RANH BAY-DA NANG – HUE AND THE U.S EMBASSY IN SAIGON.
ALL AREAS ATTACKED WERE RECAPTURED .
THE PEOPLE DID NOT RISE UP.
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TET
WAS A MILITARY FAILURE FOR THE VC AND NVA
33,000 VC KILLED ENDED THERE STRENGTH
TURNING POINT AMERICAN PUBLIC
OPINION TURNS
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GEN. GIAP
KHE SANH STREET IN SAIGON
HUE CITYRACE TRACK IN SAIGON - BATTLE
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1968 ELECTION AND PARIS WALLACE –NIXON-
HUMPHREYS NIXON VICTORY
PROMISE PEACE BEGAN TRAINING SV
TO TAKE U.S. PLACES ON THE BATTLEFIELD
MARCH 1969
NIXON DOCTRINE TROOP WITHDRAWL
NOV 1969 60,000 68 PARIS PEACE
TALKS FAIL SECRESCT WAR TO
BRING NV TO TABLES
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NIXON - PEACE
BOMBING THE NORTH TO PEACE FAILED
CAMBODIA AND LAOS
1972 PEACE PLAN THIEU STAYS IN
POWER- VC GET A SAY IN PEACE
NV TROOPS REMAIN IN THE SOUTH
US LEAVES – POW’S ARE RETURNED
THIEU REFUSED TO SIGN
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PEACE WITH HONOR
CHRISTMAS BOMBING 72 – 73
JANUERY 73 PEACE AGREEMENT SIGNED
MARCH 73 US TROOPS LEAVE
PEACE ENDS 75 SIAGON FALLS
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Last day in Saigon Last day Saigon
U.S. Embassy U.S. Embassy
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Evacuation of Saigon
Helicopter returning- Saigon
U.S Aircraft Carriers were used to evacuate as many as possible from Saigon as it fell in 1975
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USS. MIDWAY
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Fall of U.S. Embassy and Saigon
NVA troops in Saigon 1975