VIDOLOV_SCOLAI_RAJÃO_08 Heterogeneities, multiplicities and complexities

8/8/2019 VIDOLOV_SCOLAI_RAJO_08 Heterogeneities, multiplicities and complexities

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ISBN: 978-1-905254-30-9


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AMO : Assurance Maladie Obligatoire, French for mandatory health insurance

2RAMED : Rgime dAssistance Medicale, French for medical assistance scheme.

3 ANAM : Agence Nationale de lAssurance Maladie, French for national agency of medical insurance.

4 CNOPS: Caisse Nationale des Organismes de Prvoyance Sociale, French for national fund of social providence organisations.


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5 CNSS: Caisse Nationale de Scurit Sociale, French for national fund for social security


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There is growing and widespread interest in understanding the practices and processes of Free and

Open Source software (FOSS) development, and how software development networks and commu-

nities are mobilized, organised, and managed. Although Open Source projects have been the sub-

ject of extensive study, the way these projects are coordinated and managed is still poorly under-

stood. This is particularly true of Open Source software development networks which are spread

across different cultures, time zones, and social and political environments. There seems to be no

widely accepted model or framework that defines how FOSS is developed in practice. This is in

stark contrast to the world of proprietary software engineering where a number of universally ac-

cepted models exist. FOSS development communities do not seem to readily adopt or practice

modern software engineering processes. This paper outlines my proposed research involving the

Health Information Systems Programme (HISP) Open Source software development network. I

propose to examine the unique problems and challenges it faces, and I intend to explore how the

HISP software development network has evolved since its inception, including how the network is

mobilized, controlled, and organised across the various countries in which it operates. This will

include an examination of how the different socio-economic, socio-technical, and political factorsexisting in each of the countries affects the management of the network. The main aim of this re-

search is to identify and assess the distinctiveness of the HISP approach in organising their soft-

ware development network as a means to facilitate the development of software and the delivery of

ICT-enabled public health infrastructure. In particular, I am interested in identifying the strengths

and weaknesses of this mode of organising in comparison with more conventional approaches to

delivering aid. Specifically, these include questions concerning how successful innovation prac-

tices in a given location might be replicated in different cultural/political settings, and how the

work of the expanding, globally distributed team of software developers might be successfully co-

ordinated.


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This paper presents new media artistic experiences as a way to explore the design of technology

for complex interaction settings, such as an intensive care unit in a hospital. I propose it as an al-

ternative to laboratory experiments, when real-world interventions are not possible. I propound

that users will solve an interaction problem that I pose through the new media arts application

for their own expressive purposes and that researchers can analyse and collate the results to un-

derstand the solution space. I substantiate the methodological arguments with an example - a study

using the bodyPaint application to address a design issue based on physicality that we discovered

when assessing the merits of an electronic patient record system.


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The complex and multicultural environment of the hospital institution requires the collaboration of

a variety of health and administrative professionals in order to ensure and enhance the quality of

clinical outcomes (Krogstad et al. 2004, Knaus et al. 1986), the efficient delivery of healthcare

(Ogbimi and Adebamowo 2006), the containment of the associated costs (Hojat et al. 2001) as wellas the smooth and unobstructed operation of the organisation and the realisation of its goals

(Krogstad et al. 2004). Importantly, information and communication technologies (ICT), an inte-

gral part of todays healthcare organisations, aim to support the new multidisciplinary paradigm

of healthcare provision (Sicotte et al. 1998).

However, clinical information systems have not been fully integrated into health systems around

the world. Using as a case study the implementation of a clinical information system for patient

registration and tracking in a busy emergency department, this paper aims to illustrate and disucss

some key ontollogical challenges by the deployment of a critical sociological approach to the ex-

amination. Such systems will most likely modify and/or replace, work tasks, information flows,

visibilities as well as relations among professionals (Dykstra 2002). Social, economic and political

interests will empower the attempt by these groups to gain control over access and to affect the

shape, use and functioning of the system (Berg 2001).

On the other hand, critical sociology is still struggling to close the gap between theory and prac-

tice (Alvesson and Willmott 1992, Alvesson and Deetz 2000). Especially in critical information sys-

tems research, in its determination to reveal the political, social, historical and cultural conditions

that affect or even drive technological mediated organisational changes has somehow left rela-

tively untouched the materiality of the artifacts (Monteiro 2000, Orlikowski and Iacono 2001).

Therefore, it has been extensively argued that one way to overcome this insensitivity around the

size and the value of these technologies, is by expanding its definition as to incorporate other, more

empirically oriented frameworks of inquiry (Alvesson and Deetz 2000, Brooke 2002, Doolin and

Lowe 2002).

It is argued that a perspective based on actor-network theory (ANT) (Latour 1987) could provide

the researcher with a more fruitful methodological approach (Walsham 1997) for the symmetrical

examination of human and non-human actors (Latour 1992, Callon 1986) in order to increase theinvestigative value of the missing masses (Latour 1992) that are often ignored or treated merely

as tools of oppression, domination or control (Doolin and Lowe 2002). Notably, by concentrating

on the translation (Callon 1986) that takes part during the implementation of a clinical techno-

logical solution the researcher is, then, able to track, analyse and critique, in more detail, the

problematisation for the proposed solution, the devices and strategies that were used to enroll the

actors, the practices of the representatives as well as any issues of resistance and how they are be-

ing handled by the network around the proposed technology.

The paper concludes by expanding the discussion around the possibility of reformulating the criti-

cal research project, in its empirical inquiry, as to place a strong emphasis on the increased inter-

twining of social and technical agencies. On the other hand, it is also argued that it is time for ANT


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to focus more on the products of technology, particularly of ICT (i.e. accumulation of information),and how they come to redefine memberships and actor-networks through updated translations.


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This paper is an overview of my current research position. In it I make the claim that the substitu-

tion of bodies and the materiality of the electronic artefact are overlooked in telemedicine. I then

propose an approach to addressing this problem.


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By comparing actor-network theory (ANT) and Schatzkis practice-orders bundles (POB), this pa-

per argues that the two approaches can learn from each other in order to improve our understand-

ing of IT artefacts in organisations. Both ANT and POB can be seen as a post-structuralist ap-proach since they deny the existence of disembodied structures, and defend a more fluid and decen-

tred view of social life. They are also a post-humanist approach because through the notion of

orders (arrangements of human and non-human entities) and networks they pay due attention

to the role of materiality and non-human agency in the social. The philosopher Theodore Schatzki

proposes that the social transpires from meshes of bundles of practices and orders.Relating

Schatzki back to the study of IT in organisations, it is argued that IT artefacts are non-human enti-

ties that are part of the orders of many contemporary organisations. From his follows that IT arte-

facts should be conceptualised as a component of organisational orders that together with prac-

tices form the contexture from where the organisational life transpires. Since IT artefacts are parts

of orders they impact on organisational life in two ways: as source of meaning; and through pre-

configuraton of actions mechanisms that also have parallels in ANT. When it comes to the points

in which ANT and POB cross-swords, it is possible to argue that they have the potential to help

each other. On the one hand ANTs longer history and clearer empirical focus can provide to BOP

a starting point for its introduction in the IS field. On the other hand, ANTs principles of symmetry

between humans and non-humans, will to power and consequence conceptualisation of social prac-

tices leads to limitative accounts. Drawing on Schatzki this paper argues that the notion of teleoaf-

fective structures and the fucus on social practices that goes beyond network building and mainte-

nance has the potential to lead to better practice-based, materially aware descriptions of the role

of IT in organisation.


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The paper presents a longitudinal case study which analyses interactions constituting software

production provides a rich description of the content and conduct of programming or software

code work by focusing on aspects of its collective performance. The objective is to better appreci-

ate the character of both methodological and emergent aspects of this form of knowledge work and

its relationship to management and production processes. Labour Process Theory provides a start-

ing point (grounding assumptions) for a research design which is intended to be attuned to aspects

of software labour processes and to analyse the micro-detail of software production. The case de-

picts the software labour process as multifaceted, complex and (at times) contradictory. We reflect

upon the possibilities for a comprehensive theoretical analysis of this form of knowledge work.


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Email from Quality Manager to development team. (Wed 10/11/2004 11:34)

Subject: Code Review process and template

Hi all

We had an improvement action from earlier this year regarding the code review process;

that it didnt appear to be used frequently, that there appeared to be long delays be-tween code reviews.

The evidence continues to support this perception and Id like to figure out if there

is an underlying problem (or not), is this as expected or should code reviews takeplace more frequently.?

Are 1 or 2 code reviews per project sufficient?

Is the process too light-weight to be taken seriously or too-heavy weight to be doneregularly?

Do code reviews take a variety of forms not all documented by the process, if soshould we document what were doing?

What is the best way of evidencing (informating) these other forms of code review

(suggestions please)?

As you probably know I am referring to QSDP006.Code Review Process.doc andQSDT011.Code Review Report.dot.

Any thoughts? Ill be gathering feedback over the next while.

Regards, Mr Orange

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This article presents the results of a study conducted in order to understand under what circum-stances the process of social construction of information systems (IS) in the banking sector in Bra-

zil takes place. It presents an analysis of the implementation, use and procedures for improvement

of three systems, used in two of the country's largest banks. We started from the premise that tech-

nology is a socially constructed phenomenon, with a structure of use that is formed by its practical

application. The data were collected through 46 semi-structured interviews, direct observation and

documental analyses. A structuralist protocol has been used to interpret and analyze the data. This

analysis revealed a process of social construction that generated four types of use of IS: full use,

partial use, combination and adaptation. The characteristics and outcomes of each will be ex-

plained in this article. The assimilation of systems has been influenced by the confluence of indi-

vidual and organizational objectives and the type of training applied. This assimilation seems to

follow a structure of conformity and conformism to what has been implemented by the organiza-

tion.


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When it comes to offshore outsourcing, for more than two decades, the corporate philosophy hasbeen to "produce where it is cheapest and sell where it fetches the best price" (Bajpai et al. 2004,

p.6). However, although the traditional determinants of the location decision for the corporate off-

shore outsourcing in the Information Technology (IT) industry have not disappeared over time,

their influence has decreased. For example, nowadays the market size as one of the most important

traditional determinant for investing abroad has lower significance, while others, new determi-

nants became more important. The differences in costs in various locations, quality of the IT infra-

structure, business conditions, high-skilled labour force, the quality of experience and knowledge

of the IT companies when investing abroad, the search for continued quality etc., are gaining

greater importance. Therefore, the competitiveness and the market growth are more in-line with

the corporate philosophy of the modern IT companies, nowadays. This implies that investors mo-

tives continuously change and so markets too should seek new modes for attracting foreign invest-

ments. In this paper a conceptual framework has been developed using the theoretical underpin-

nings of Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm so as to provide an additional understanding among schol-

ars and practitioners about what are the main drivers the corporate offshore outsourcing in the IT

industry. The conclusion provides discussion and suggests that the Dunnings theory offers valu-

able insights for both academia and practice to develop more comprehensive approach about the

offshore outsourcing location decision in the IT industry.


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Aleksi Aaltonen 173Allen Higgins 106

Anita Popovska 183

Cecily Morrison 36

Elaine Tavares 129

Humberto Gumeta 13

Isam Faik 2

Michael Zisuh Ngoasong 77Paraskevas Vezyridis 52

Peadar Scola 65

PJ Wall 28

Raoni Guerra Lucas Rajo 92

Simeon Vidolov 159

Stefan Schellhammer 146


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VIDOLOV_SCOLAI_RAJÃO_08 Heterogeneities, multiplicities and complexities

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Transcript of VIDOLOV_SCOLAI_RAJÃO_08 Heterogeneities, multiplicities and complexities