Videotape Component

RGB--true component 1.5 times bandwidth of Y/Cr/Cb

Y/Cr/Cb Luminance and 2 color difference signals

S-Video (Y/C) Chroma more limited in bandwidth

Composite NTSC, encoded

Time Code Time of Day/free run

Referenced to clock Dedicated/record run

Zero start

Time Code

Good at high speedHigh speed errors

Can post stripeCannot post stripe

Poor at slow,stillSlow,still accurate

Audio signalPart of video

LTC-longitudinalVITC-vertical interval

Time Code Non drop frame

30 fps Not accurate length (.03 fps error) 1 hour= +108 frames or 3.6 seconds

Drop frame 29.97 Accurate length Drops 00,01 at each new minute except

at multiples of 10

Digital Un-Compressed D-1--component, 3/4

4 audio tracks Longitudinal SMPTE, CT, Audio cue

D-2 Composite, 3/4 Input/output composite

D-3 -Composite, 1/2 Smaller, cheaper, lighter

D-4--not exist 4 taboo in Japanese, sounds like “death”

Digital Un-Compressed D-5--component, 1/2”

Smaller than D-1, but high quality D-5 HD

4:1 compression used to deal with 1.2 Gbps

D-6, HDTV component

D-7, to be DVC PRO

Digital Un-Compressed D-9, to be Digital S Sony HDD-1000

1.2 Gbps 1” open reel $350,000 $1300 for 63 min tape)

Digital Compressed Ampex DCT

4:2:2 2-1,

Digital Betacam 4:2:2 2.3-1, 4 ch 20 bit cue+ tc

Digital Compressed Digital S

4:2:2 3.3-1 4 ch 16 bit

DVC Pro 50 4:2:2 3.3-1, 4 digital + cue

Digital Compressed Betacam SX

4:2:2 10-1 MPEG-2 4 ch 16 bit

DV, DVC Pro 4:1:1 5-1, 2 ch 16 bit or 4 12 bit pcm

Analog Tape Formats 1” type C (1978)

Reel to reel 3 audio, 50-15000 hz 11-13 generations Loud, big, bulky Still frame, slo and fast motion, picture in

shuttle composite

Analog Tape Formats Betacam (1982) 1/2” from Sony

Component Longitudinal and Hi-Fi audio

Betacam SP (1987) Metal tape (higher bandwidth

Both great for acquisition Quality, size

not great for editing durability

Analog Tape Formats M and M-II (1986)

1/2” from Panasonic Good quality video and audio Component Equivalent to Betacam More dropout

Analog Tape Formats 3/4” (Sony 1972)

2 longitudinal audio channels Low quality Poor generation loss Was workhorse of news and production composite

S-VHS, Ed-Beta, Hi8 S-video Separate chroma and luminance Low cost , good quality Not durable, serious generation loss

Analog Tape Formats VHS

Home format Ubiquitous Low (but acceptable) quality Poor generation loss cheap

DVCAM Metal Evaporated Tape

DVCAM thicker than Mini-DV Maximum record time 184 mins Sampling (4:1:1)

Luminance-13.5 MHz Color Difference 3.375 MHz

Quantization 8 bits

Compression Ratio 5:1

DVCAM Intra Frame Coding

Shuffling to average detail across the image Improves compression efficiency

Adaptive Interfield Compressionif fields similar, compressed as same

Each Video Frame is written to 10 tracks 480 usable scan lines

480/10 = 48 lines per track

DVCAM D-5 (10-bit uncompressed digital) 10 D-1 (8-bit uncompressed digital) 9.9 Digital Betacam, Ampex DCT 9.7 D-9 (Digital-S), DVCPRO50 9.6 DV, DVCAM, DVCPRO (D-7), Digital8 9 MII, Betacam SP 8.9 1" Type C 8.7 3/4" SP 6.5 3/4", Hi8, SVHS 5.5 Video 8, Betamax 4 VHS 3.5

DVCAM Audio

2 channel audio 48 kHz

-4 channel audio32kHz

DVCAM/DV 1. Enhanced picture quality due to lower

dropout rate. 2. Better durability because of the superior

DLC (Diamond-Like Carbon) coating. 3. Improved physical stability for better

tracking. 4. Tighter width specifications for excellent

recorder compatibility. 5. Tracks .015 vs .010 6. Superior stability of picture and sound.