Video Production

Chapter 1

Three Types of Production

» Studio» Field Production» Remote Production

» Studio» Field Production» Remote Production

Differences of the Production Types

» Studio Controlled

Environment» Air Conditioned» TV Lights» Noise Controlled

In a Television Oriented Space

Protected

» Studio Controlled

Environment» Air Conditioned» TV Lights» Noise Controlled

In a Television Oriented Space

Protected

» Field and Remote Uncontrollable

Environment» Weather Elements» Daylight» Traffic Noise

Not TV Friendly Unprotected

» Field and Remote Uncontrollable

Environment» Weather Elements» Daylight» Traffic Noise

Not TV Friendly Unprotected

Studio Production» Types of Productions

News Game shows Talk shows Morning shows Situation comedies Soap operas

» More than 75% of things you watch CSI Desperate Housewives Bing Bang Theory The Bachelor

» Types of Productions News Game shows Talk shows Morning shows Situation comedies Soap operas

» More than 75% of things you watch CSI Desperate Housewives Bing Bang Theory The Bachelor

Physical Studio Elements

» Large Room» Concrete Floor» 12 to 14 foot Ceilings» Located on Ground Floor» Large Doors» Sound Proofing Walls and Material

» Large Room» Concrete Floor» 12 to 14 foot Ceilings» Located on Ground Floor» Large Doors» Sound Proofing Walls and Material

Technical Studio Elements

» Lots of Power - Electric» Monitors» Headsets

Intercom System

» Talkback System or Studio Address» IFB (interruptible feedback)

Earpieces

» Lots of Power - Electric» Monitors» Headsets

Intercom System

» Talkback System or Studio Address» IFB (interruptible feedback)

Earpieces

The Control Room

» The Operation Center for the Director

» Usually a window between studio and Control Room

» Technical Equipment

» The Operation Center for the Director

» Usually a window between studio and Control Room

» Technical Equipment

Equipment in Control Room

» Camera Monitors» Switcher» Audio Console» Graphics Generator» Server or Recorder» Dimmer Board» Prompter

» Camera Monitors» Switcher» Audio Console» Graphics Generator» Server or Recorder» Dimmer Board» Prompter

Studio Layout

Field Production

» Usually involves a camcorder» The “real world” is the set.» Natural Lighting by the sun.

» Usually involves a camcorder» The “real world” is the set.» Natural Lighting by the sun.

Remote Production

» Combination of Studio and Field Production

» May require more cameras than studio production Large Venue Audio difficult

» Usually uses a “TV Truck”

» Combination of Studio and Field Production

» May require more cameras than studio production Large Venue Audio difficult

» Usually uses a “TV Truck”

The Production Path

» Transducing - Converting what we hear or see into electrical energy, or vice versa.

» Channeling - Moving video and sound from one place to another

» Selecting/Altering - Selecting a signal and altering a signal.

» Monitoring - allows you to hear and see material you are working with at various stages.

» Recording and Playback

» Transducing - Converting what we hear or see into electrical energy, or vice versa.

» Channeling - Moving video and sound from one place to another

» Selecting/Altering - Selecting a signal and altering a signal.

» Monitoring - allows you to hear and see material you are working with at various stages.

» Recording and Playback

Transducing

» Speaking into a Microphone Turns sound into electrical waveforms

» Diaphragm in the microphone

Speaker does opposite

» Light into a Camera Turns light waves into electrical waveforms

» Camera Sensor

Monitor does opposite

» Speaking into a Microphone Turns sound into electrical waveforms

» Diaphragm in the microphone

Speaker does opposite

» Light into a Camera Turns light waves into electrical waveforms

» Camera Sensor

Monitor does opposite

Channeling

» Cables Transfer the electrical energy

» Connector Common way for the electrical energy

to enter and exit equipment

» Cables Transfer the electrical energy

» Connector Common way for the electrical energy

to enter and exit equipment

Selecting and Altering

Signals that are transduced by microphones or cameras and

channeled with wires and connectors usually go to an

audio console or video switcher where they can be

selected and altering can take place.

Signals that are transduced by microphones or cameras and

channeled with wires and connectors usually go to an

audio console or video switcher where they can be

selected and altering can take place.

Monitoring

» Preview Monitors - Set up Shots before it goes to broadcast

» Program Monitor - Displays what is currently being broadcast.

» VU Meter - How loud audio is.» Waveform Monitor - How bright different

parts of the camera image are

» Preview Monitors - Set up Shots before it goes to broadcast

» Program Monitor - Displays what is currently being broadcast.

» VU Meter - How loud audio is.» Waveform Monitor - How bright different

parts of the camera image are

Two Forms of Signal

» Analog» Digital

» Analog» Digital

Analog

» NTSC Aka. Standard Definition (SD) Aspect Ratio - The relationship of the

height of the screen to its width. »720 x 480

Square like

525 lines of resolution» Can Travel over Airwaves

Need an antennae

» NTSC Aka. Standard Definition (SD) Aspect Ratio - The relationship of the

height of the screen to its width. »720 x 480

Square like

525 lines of resolution» Can Travel over Airwaves

Need an antennae

Digital

» High Definition (HD) Sharper Image Aspect Ratio(s)

» 1280 x 720 (HD 720)»1920 x 1080 (HD 1080)

» Need a Channel to Distribute the Signal Wire

» High Definition (HD) Sharper Image Aspect Ratio(s)

» 1280 x 720 (HD 720)»1920 x 1080 (HD 1080)

» Need a Channel to Distribute the Signal Wire

Early Television

» After WWII it quickly grew in popularity and replaced radio as the main information and entertainment medium.

» ABC, CBS, NBC - dominated early TV.» During the 1950’s live drama, variety

and quiz game shows were popular. » In the 1980’s an 1990’s Cable and

Satelite stole viewers from the traditional TV Networks.

» After WWII it quickly grew in popularity and replaced radio as the main information and entertainment medium.

» ABC, CBS, NBC - dominated early TV.» During the 1950’s live drama, variety

and quiz game shows were popular. » In the 1980’s an 1990’s Cable and

Satelite stole viewers from the traditional TV Networks.

Recent TV History

» The current audience is fragmenting into smaller segments.

» The broadcast TV industry consists of program suppliers, distributors and local stations.

» Big conglomerates own the major TV networks.» Public broadcasting relies less on tax revenues

and more on private sources of funding. » The Neilson company compiles both network

and local station television ratings.

» The current audience is fragmenting into smaller segments.

» The broadcast TV industry consists of program suppliers, distributors and local stations.

» Big conglomerates own the major TV networks.» Public broadcasting relies less on tax revenues

and more on private sources of funding. » The Neilson company compiles both network

and local station television ratings.