VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical...

51
VIDEO EDITING

Transcript of VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical...

Page 1: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

VIDEO EDITING

Page 2: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Aspects of Editing

Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video

Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software

Page 3: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Video Editing Before (Linear)

BBC Editing circa 1960s

Page 4: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Video Editing Now

Non-Linear Able to add special effects Able to edit portions of a picture Able to edit sound and video separately

Page 5: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Products

Many products out there Looking at 3 major products

Final Cut Pro (Mac) Adobe Premiere (PC)

Other product comparison Wikipedia Article

Page 6: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Products

Cost from FREE Windows Movie Maker, iMovie (on new Macs)

To Over $1,000 Final Cut Studio

Sophistication from basic for the at home user to high end for the broadcast professional.

Page 7: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Final Cut Pro

Page 8: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Factors to Consider Before Purchase What are you taping?

Class review sessions Guest speakers Instructional video

Who will be the audience? Internal External

What format do you want to produce to? DVD Streaming Download

Page 9: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Considerations

Version of the Software We have Vegas 4, 5, 6 Also a Vegas +DVD Final Cut Pro no longer sold individually, must buy

Final Cut Studio. Cost of add-ons?

Adobe Premiere $299.00 for educational discount Adobe After Effects, $799.00

Page 10: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Considerations

Ability to Import HD formats Output Options:

Streaming Web, Quicktime, Windows Media, DVD, .mpg, HD formats, etc

Page 11: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Hardware Compatibility

Check each Website Lists of compatibility include:

Cameras DVD Burners Analog Converters

Both Adobe and Sony list items that are “Full Support” and “Partial Support”

Page 12: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

What to look for in a video editor

Ease of use? Try downloading a trial version of the software, or

use the software somewhere first. Software should be self-explanatory.

Features Be aware of included features such as sound

effects, transitions, etc. Some software packages require additional

purchases to get the extras.

Page 13: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Example

Adobe Premiere uses a program called After Effects for special effects. This software costs EXTRA

Final Cut Pro Studio uses the program Motion to create special effects. Motion is now packaged with Final Cut Pro. Along with Soundtrack Pro and other add-ons. BUT, Final Cut Studio costs much more

Page 14: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

What to look for?

Help & Tutorials Adobe Premiere

Tutorial DVDs included Extra manuals to purchase e-seminars

Final Cut Studio Tutorial DVDs included Self paced learning Apple Pro Training Certification

Page 15: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

-Garbage in, garbage out.

-You can't make bricks without straw.

-You can’ make a fine silk purse out of a pigs ear.

-But-

-Bad workers always blame their tools.

Page 16: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

PXL 2000 (Fisher Price)

Portions of the film Slackers were filmed with a PXL 2000

Page 17: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Stages of Filmmaking

The filmmaking production cycle consists of five main stages:

1. Development

2. Preproduction

3. Production

4. Post-production

5. Distribution

Page 18: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

1. Development

IdeaScriptAuthorization (Green Light)

Page 19: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

2. Preproduction Classically, acquiring the people and things required for

making a film Directors Actors Equipment- Cameras, Sound Equipment, Lighting,

Green screens, etc Storyboarding- before you shoot a scene, you need to

think about exactly how it needs to come together, including how it will be edited.

Page 20: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

3. Production

Actual acting and filming Video Editing affected by, and affects

Camera location and movement Audio characteristics Order of shooting Effects desired

Page 21: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Once the video is shot, editing begins.

Typical Editing Workflow Review each shot, plan captures or imports. Capture desired sections. Assemble and refine sequence. Add transitions and effects. Add titles. Mix audio. Export.

Page 22: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Capture: Moving the video footage off the tape and

onto the computer. Not all editing software is compatible with all

cameras. You may want to capture with one program but edit with another.

Page 23: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Capture:

Quality data transfer typically requires a Firewire (iLink) connection.

The type of files created are dependent upon the software. Different file types serve different purposes.

Batch logging and capture can save drive space.

Page 24: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

File types

For quality production, always use a lossless video encoding method. A MUST for intermediate editing stages

Page 25: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

File Size

An hour of output may require many hours of video for input.

A non-compressed High Definition .avi can easily take up 20 GB or more per hour.

To save drive space, if quality is not much of an issue, use a lossy, high compression video format. A .wmv, seemingly perfect to the naked eye can take up 1/30th the space of an .avi. But always remember GIGO.

Basic Video Editing- removing excess, adding titles, making it exportableAssemble and Refine Shots

Page 26: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Adding Effects

Generated Media, Titles Adjusting Colors Multilayered Effects Transitions

Page 27: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

1920s: rise of editing as film technique Early cinema often consists of one shot films Hollywood films contain between 1,000-3,000

shots Editing as coordination of one shot with

another Elimination of unwanted footage

Page 28: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Strong influence of Soviet Montage School Attempt to build film based upon certain editing

devices Create narrative via shots Eisenstein—film as construction of editing

Initially opposed continuity editing Used temporal discontinuities Used temporal expansion Created new relationships between time and space

via editing

Page 29: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Organization of desired shots Joined via specific techniques

Fade-out—gradually darkens end of a shot to black

Fade-in—gradually lightens a shot from black Dissolve—brief superimposition of end of one

shot and beginning of next shot Wipe—next shot replaces shot via boundary line

moving across frameBoth images briefly on screen—don’t blend

Page 30: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Cut—most common technique of connecting shots Move directly from one shot to next Uninterrupted segment of screen time or space Instantaneous changes from one shot to another Create marked and abrupt shifts

Enormous task of film editor Use of storyboards Planning of editing during shooting

Page 31: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Four basic artistic choices and directions of editing Graphic relations between one shot and another Rhythmic relations between one shot and another Spatial relations between one shot and another Temporal relations between one shot and

another

Page 32: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing Interaction and integration of purely pictorial

qualities of two shots Elements of mise-en-scene and cinematography

Graphic similarities create graphic match Similarities of shape, composition, and movement Most typical of narrative cinema

Graphically discontinuous editing more noticeable

Page 33: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing Each shot as strip of film—certain

measurement Measured in film length Measured in frames Sound speed—24 frames/second Editing allows control over duration of each shot

Editing thus controls filmic rhythm—accent, beat, and tempo Patterning of shot length and style

Page 34: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Editing constitutes metrical pace of film Editing allows director to construct filmic

space Allows omniscience—can move from one spot to

notably different Allows relation of any two spots in space Can create continuity and breakdown Establishment of whole from component parts

Page 35: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Allows spatial manipulation Strong influence of Soviet Montage style

Kuleshov effect—series of shots (without establishing shot) that prompts spectator to infer spatial whole from parts Editing cues establish single locale

Crosscutting—parallel editing technique used to establish variety of spaces

Editing can establish ambiguous spatial relations

Page 36: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Film Editing

Temporal relations—allows manipulation of time Common technique of flashback

Presentation of one or more shots out of their presumed story order

Usually interrupt present time Flashforward—editing moves from present to future

and returns Tease audience with glimpses of future Establish possible narratives

Possible to control duration of story via editing

Page 37: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Temporal Ellipsis Presentation of action in manner that it consumes less time on

screen than in story Punctuation shot change—dissolve, wipe, or fade to demonstrate

progress accomplished Empty frames shots—characters or objects entering and/or

exiting frame Cutaway—shot of other event elsewhere that will not last as long

as the elided action 2 locales that we connect via editing

Expansion—opposite of ellipsis Eisentein’s use of overlapping editing to expand time Overlapping editing allows presentation of time and space more

than once

Page 38: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Continuity Editing

Dominant editing style throughout Western Film History

Rise of editing between 1900-1910 Used as method to establish coherent

narrative Narrative continuity “smooth flow” between shots to create story

Page 39: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System

Space of scene constructed along axis of action Center line 180˚ line

Scene’s action assumed to take place along discernible and predictable line

Axis of action determines half-circle (180˚ area) where camera can present action

Page 40: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System

Violation to shift to camera shot on opposite of axis

180˚ System ensures relative position of objects and characters remains consistent

180˚ System ensures consistent eyelines 180˚ System ensures consistent screen

direction Characters moving in logical and understandable

ways

Page 41: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System

180˚ System claims to organize space clearly Viewers can trust location (and relative location)

of characters Viewers can trust their own locations and relative

locations 180˚ System ensures and advances

continuity system

Page 42: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System

Shot/Reverse-shot pattern Shows one end point of axis and then the other Shot of opposite end of axis of action Usually shows ¾ view of subject

Eyeline match Initial shot of character looking Second shot of object of character’s gaze Neither shot shows both spectator and object

Page 43: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System Directional quality of eyeline establishes spatial

continuity Object of gaze must be within gaze of spectator Establishes continuity from shot to shot

Shot/Reverse-shot Pattern allows us to understand characters’ locations even when not in same frame

Reestablishing Shot—reestablishes overall space that was inferred in previous shots

Pattern of establishment/ breakdown/ reestablishment

Page 44: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System Continuity editing subordinates space to action

Emphasizes dialogue and character movement Match on action tactic—extra method for

ensuring spatial continuity Continuity of movement from one shot to next Creates match on action Carries a movement across the break of shots Must consider mise-en-scene and cinematography

Page 45: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System Filmmaker can create new axis of action by

rotating shots/reverse shot pattern Axis of action allows for elimination of

establishing shot Cheat cut—mismatching slightly the positions

of characters and/or objects in continuity editing

Significant role of POV shot in continuity editing Allows/creates variety of eyeline-match editing

Page 46: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

180˚ System

Head-on Shot—action presented as moving directly toward camera

Crosscutting—parallel editing to create various spaces (presumably in same time) Allows unrestricted access to causal, temporal, and spatial

knowledge Yet creates spatial discontinuity while creating cause and

effect in temporal simultaneity Builds up suspense Allows temporal/spatial collision

Page 47: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Continuity Editing

Appears invisible and/or natural Usually presents plot consistently and

chronologically Chronological order—1-2-3 order Common violation of flashback One-for-one frequency—event shown once Duration usually not expanded Temporal continuity—narrative progression has no

gaps

Page 48: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Continuity Editing Use of diegetic sound—sound issuing from space of

story Creates spatial and temporal continuity

Temporal ellipsis—omission of time Viewer must recognize passing of time to ensure continuity Use of dissolves, fades, or wipes

Montage sequence—joining of various images, objects, characters, places, and times to compress series of actions into brief sequence Usually still suggests continuity and one-for-one events

Page 49: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Non-Continuity Editing

Common in abstract and/or associational films

Often based on graphic and rhythmic qualities of film Based on light, texture, shape, movement

Often subordinates space and time to rhythm Narrative becomes less important

Page 50: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Non-Continuity Editing

Technique of jump cut—creates violation of spatial, temporal, and graphic continuity Two shots of same subject cut together but not notably

different in camera distance and angle Creates notable jump on screen Avoided in continuity editing

Nondiegetic Insert—cut from diegetic scene to metaphorical or symbolic shot outside time and space of film

Disturbs normal expectations about art and narrative

Page 51: VIDEO EDITING. Aspects of Editing Creative Planning shots Scripting Shooting video Technical Shooting video Recording sound Editing using software.

Non-Continuity Editing

More frequent use of expansion of temporal qualities Jump cut Nondiegetic insert

Expansion can be presented as formal aesthetic quality of film