Vicks Seminar

8/8/2019 Vicks Seminar

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Vikash Kumar(06/07/88)

E & c department

s.o.e. cusat


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Wireless energytransfer orwireless power

transmission[WiTricity]

where we use

this?Efficiencyconcerns.


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*

2007: A physics research group, led byProf. Marin Soljai, at MIT

* MIT powered 60 watt light bulb from2 meters (7 ft) at 40% efficiency

* MIT researchers working on

improving the technology

2009: Texas Instruments releases thefirst device

2010: Haier Group debuts the world'sfirst completely wireless LCD televisionbased on Prof. Marin Soljacic's follow-up research .


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Witricity Tomorrow

1) Power from mains to antenna, which is made of copper

2) Resonates at 10MHz (electromagnetic waves)3) Electricity received by antenna, also resonating at 10MHz.

4) Energy not transferred to laptop re-absorbed by source antenna.

People/other objects not affected as not resonating at 10MHz


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1. Near field techniques:A. Induction technique ( Inductive coupling)

B. Electrodynamic induction technique

(resonant energy transfer)

C. Electrostatic induction technique

(Capacitive coupling)

2.F

ar field techniques:A. Radio and microwave (Microwave powertransmission)technique

B. Laser


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Near field energy itself is non radiative, but some radiative losses will

occur. In addition there are usually resistive losses.

Near field transfer is usually magnetic (inductive), but electric

(capacitive) energy transfer can also occur.


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A. Induction technique ( Inductive coupling):

Working Principle- mutualinduction.

EX: Battery chargers for mobilephone, transformers on the street,

Induction cookers and manyelectric toothbrushes are also

powered by this technique.

The main drawbacktoinduction, however, is the short

range. The receiver must be veryclose to the transmitter orinduction unit in order toinductively couple with it.


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B.Electrodynamic induction

technique (resonant energy transfer):

working principle- resonant

couplingEx: powering contactless

smartcards, and systems exist topower and recharge laptops and cellphones


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C. Electrostatic induction technique (Capacitive coupling)

working Principle- capacitivecoupling

Ex: Teslas wireless bulb


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y Means for long conductors ofelectricity forming part of anelectric circuit and electrically

connecting said ionized beam toan electric circuit.

y Far field methods achievelonger ranges, often multiple

kilometer ranges.y The maximum directivity for

antennas is physically limited bydiffraction.


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Working principle- microwavetransmissionA blockdiagram of thedemonstration components is

shown.The primary componentsinclude a microwave source, atransmitting antenna, and areceiving rectenna.Diagram showing the

transmitting & receiving circuitFor the transmission & receptionof electric power by wireless

Two optical forms of wirelessantennae formed of search lightbeam- ionised atmosphericstreams

y .


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5,000 MW ReceivingStation (Rectenna). This

station is about a mile anda half long.


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Drawbacks-Power beaming by microwaves has thedifficulty that for most space applications the requiredaperture sizes are very large due to diffraction limitingantenna directionality.

For earthbound applications a large area 10 kmdiameter receiving array allows large total power levelsto be used while operating at the low power densitysuggested for human electromagnetic exposure safety.

A human safe power density of1 mW/cm2 distributedacross a 10 km diameter area corresponds to 750megawatts total power level. This is the power levelfound in many modern electric power plants.


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B. Laser

Workingprinciple- powerbeaming

Because the poweris beamed at areceiver that canconvert it to usableelectrical energy.


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CONTINUED.Collimated monochromaticwavefront propagation

Ability to operate with zero

radio-frequency interferenceno authentication beforetransferring energy.

the laser. power can only drive

the motion of an arm and fingers.For robots.

laser-based transfer of energyespecially for space and lunarmissions.


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Advantageseliminate the need for aninefficient, costly, and capitalintensive grid of cables,

towers, and substations.can be economicallytransmitted without wires toany terrestrial distance

Transmission Integrity andLow Loss


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Drawbacksy Biological Impact:- frequency is very biologically

compatible.

yEconomic Impact:- The concept looks to be costlyinitially.

y Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is moderatelyinefficient . With 40%to50% efficiency.

yAtmospheric absorption causes losses


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How safe is witricity?y WiTricity coupling resonance' is safe for humans. If

guidelines from ICNIRP are followed.

y But If radio waves & fluctuating magnetic field transmit

heat to our cells, they can damage tissue over a long periodof time. in the same way that radiation from cellphonesdoes.

y the magnetic fields tend to interact very weakly with thebiological tissues of the body provided the exposure isbelow the thresholds .

y The matter is still open to debate

y Speaking of kids, wireless energy could help to make thehousehold a safer place


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Future of witricity

Imagine electric cars, laptops, digital camera's gettingself charged! Wow!

health issuescurrently flared away to produce electricity locally and

then beam it by satellite to other countries' receiversattached to local power grids.

However, the future certainly seems bright andinteresting! So, think positive and hope for the best!


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SPS 2000


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Details

y Project in Development inJapan

y Goal is to build a low costdemonstration model by2025

y 8 Countries along theequator have agreed to bethe site of a rectenna


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Continuedy 10 MW satellite delivering microwave power

yWill not be in geosynchronous orbit, instead

low orbit 1100 km (683 miles)y Much cheaper to put a satellite in low orbit

y 200 seconds of power on each pass over rectenna


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Power to Mobile Devicesy If microwave beams carrying power could be beamed

uniformly over the earth they could power cell phones

y

Biggest problem is that the antenna would have to be25-30 cm square


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To concludey The transmission of power without wires is not a

theory or a mere possibility, it is now a reality.

y have tremendous merits like high transmissionintegrity and Low Loss (90 97% efficient)

y can be transmitted to any where in the globe

y eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capitalintensive grid of cables, towers, and substations

y It has negligible demerits like reactive power whichwas found insignificant and biologically compatible.

y Many countries will benefit from this service.


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From where did we get this

idea???yResearch paper published inAIP_PRESS

yLIFE AND LEGACY.......the power of lightening, An exclusive biographyof great inventor NICOLA TESLA

y CONCEPT OF PHYSICS :PART 2 by

H.C.VERMAyWikipedia.


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For any further clarificationsy [email protected]

yVicks :9037291671


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