Vibration on the Kapiti Coast
Transcript of Vibration on the Kapiti Coast
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Did the earth move for you?
Vibration on the Kapiti Coast Paul Busing - Kapiti Coast District Council
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Introduction
• Vibration upsets people
and can damage
buildings.
• Rarity of exposure.
• Concerns over assets.
• Not as predictable.
• Fear of the unknown.
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Terminology
• PPV – Peak Particle Velocity
– Greatest instantaneous particle velocity
during a given time interval.
• SSCVMP – Site Specific Construction
Vibration Management Plan.
• IGA – In General Accordance.
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RMA context
• Vibration is defined as noise.
• Section 16 – duty to avoid unreasonable noise.
• A lot of District Plans do not have vibration standards.
• There is no NZ standard for construction vibration.
– NZS/ISO 2631-2:1989 was withdrawn in 2003
• Most projects use either:
– British Standard BS 5228-2:2009
– German Standard DIN 4150-3:1999
– Australian Standard AS 2436:2010
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Human Response to Vibration
• Annex B of the British Standard note:
• 0.14 mm/s Just perceptible in the most sensitive situations.
• 0.3 mm/s Just perceptible in residential environments.
• 1.0 mm/s Will cause complaints in residential environments, but
tolerated if residents given prior warning and explanation.
• 10 mm/s Intolerable for any more than a very brief exposure to this
level.
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Building Response to Vibration
• DIN4150-3:1999 states “Experience has shown that if these values are complied with,
damage that reduces the serviceability of the building will not occur.”
• Short and long term vibration are defined by the properties of the vibration signal and
not the time frame
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What’s happening on the Kapiti
Coast
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What is happening on the Kapiti
Coast
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What is happening on the Kapiti
Coast
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What is happening on the Kapiti
Coast
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Management of Vibration
• Board of Inquiry conditions based around both
human nuisance and cosmetic damage.
Receiver Details Category A Category B
Occupied
dwellings
2000h-0630h 0.3 mm/s PPV 1 mm/s PPV
0630h-2000h 1 mm/s PPV 5 mm/s PPV
Other occupied
buildings
0630h-2000h 2 mm/s PPV 5 mm/s PPV
All other
buildings
Vibration -
continous
5 mm/s PPV 50% of Line 2
values in Table B.2
of BS 5228-2:2009
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Management of Vibration
• If over Cat A – expert to assess and manage
vibration to stay within Cat A if practicable.
• If not practicable, then undertake continuous
monitoring and comply with Cat B.
• If not practicable to comply with Cat B, then
prepare a SSCVMP.
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Management of Vibration
• SSCVMP needs to note:
– Time and duration.
– Equipment used.
– Predicted levels.
– Dwellings where non-compliance will occur.
– How affected persons are to be consulted.
– Alternative management and mitigation
measures.
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Monitoring equipment • 3 axis geophone
• Transverse
• Longitudinal
• Vertical
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Monitoring equipment
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Monitoring equipment
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Example – Removing Sheet Piles
8.7mm/s PPV 19-20Hz @ 30m
– Piles welded together
under friction.
– Real time monitoring
picked up issue
developing.
– Works terminated and
piles cut off and left in
ground.
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Example – Dynamic Compaction
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Example – Dynamic Compaction
Site 1
Site 2
Work
site
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Measurements – Dynamic
Compaction
• Site 1 – 161m – 2.09 mm/s PPV @ 7-10Hz.
• Site 2 – 172m – 3.56 mm/s PPV @ 7-10 Hz.
• 70% higher readings even though 11m further
away.
• Equipment specific.
– 11 ton tamper in free fall from 5-6m
– 13 ton tamper on cable from 10m
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Example – Dynamic Compaction
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Starting and stopping
• Measured vibration from a vibrating roller, showing start up, steady state operation and run
down (Crabb and Hiller 2002)
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Damage to Buildings
• DIN4150-3:1999 states: “Experience has
shown that if these values are complied
with, damage that reduces the
serviceability of the building will not occur.”
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Damage to Buildings
• Serviceability reduced if:
– cracks form in plastered surfaces of walls.
– existing cracks in the building are enlarged.
– partitions become detached from load bearing walls
or floors.
• Indirect damage may result from differential movements
caused by soil settlement due to densification
[settlement].
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Damage observed
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Damage observed
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Damaged Observed
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Damage observed
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Damage observed
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What worked
• Communication.
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What worked
• Communication about what is going to happen
when and where.
• Communication that their house will not fall
down.
– Ground borne noise/re-resonated noise
• Communication so constructors knew about who
was at home, worked from home, worked night
shifts.
• SSCVMP - people moved out or given respite
options.
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What worked
• Pre-condition building surveys
• Communication resulted in changes in
methodology
– Oscillating vs Vibratory Roller
• No structural vibration mitigation measures used
so far
• IGA - Refused the use of a certain methodology
in a certain location.
– Dynamic Compaction within 30m of a house.
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Points of interest
• Poor communication = more problems
• Two moderate earthquakes during the
project…..who caused the damage? Who
pays?
• Self monitoring – does it work?
– Trust required plus auditing
• Contamination of readings
– Frequency is the key
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Points of interest
• Adaptive management and IGA.
– Fluidity requires vigilance.
• Compaction of peat/lowering of water
table.
• How will the building remediation process
work?
– Will the amount of monitoring impact on
peoples claims?
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Points of interest
• No total vibration exposure limit.
– 1mm/s PPV could be unreasonable if it goes
on for 30 consecutive days.
• Frequency is important.
– Resonance in structures at low frequencies.
• Removing the noise lessens the
perceived impact of the vibration.
– Re-resonated noise from flues/china
cabinets.
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Points of interest
• There appears to be a significant amount
cosmetic damage occurring below the
5mm/s PPV threshold.
• Is this a greater settlement issue or an
actual vibration issue?
• Densification of sand by vibration is well
documented.
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Summary
• Compliance with standards do not stop
nuisance complaints
• Ensure good communication
• Vibration is not always predicable
• You can’t beat continuous monitoring in
contentious situations.
• Equipment specific monitoring
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Relevant Documents
• State highway construction and maintenance noise and vibration
guide – NZTA August 2013
• Ground vibration from road construction May 2012 – NZTA techincal
research report 485
• Ground Improvements – Third Edition – Edited by Klaus Kirsch and
Alan Bell – ISBN -13: 978-0-203-83897-6
• NZS 6806:2010 – Acoustic – road – traffic noise – new and altered
roads
• http://acoustics.ntza.govt.nz – online tools
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Questions?