Vertebrate Origins Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian.

Vertebrate Origins

Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian

Diversity of Chordates

56,000 species10 mm to 40 m longEvery habitatLarge body size

Sea squirt, Atriolum robustum

American toad,Bufo americanus

Shoal chub, Macrhybopsis hyostoma Eastern box turtle,Terrapene carolina

Pronghorn antelope,Antilocarpa americana

Amphioxus(probably Branchiostoma)

Laughing gull, Larus atricilla

Chordate Characteristics

1. Notochord2. Pharynx3. Dorsal, hollow nerve cord4. Postanal tail5. Endostyle-thyroid gland

Endostyle-thyroid

How are vertebrates different from other chordates?

1. ENDOSKELETON: Vertebrae? (actually vertebrae are lacking in hagfishes and rudimentary in lampreys)

2. Cephalization: Cranium (all sense organs located towad anterior region of body)

3. Tripartite brain with associated complex, paired sense organs and cranial nerves

4. Chambered heart: CLOSED circulatory system

5. Alimentary canal (digestive system)

6. Specialized organ systems

Body Systems

• Integumentary– Hair, skin, nails, sweat

glands and sebaceous glands

– Protection

– Regulates body temperature

– Houses sense organs

Body Systems

• Muscular– Muscles

– FXN:

– causes body movement

– maintains posture

– produces body heat

Body Systems

• Skeletal– Bones, cartilage,

ligaments

– Aids in movements

– Support

– Protects

– Produces blood cells

Body Systems

• Digestive System– Mouth, tongue, teeth,

salivary glands, esophogus, stomach, liver, sm and lg intestines

– Breakdown food and absorbs nutrients

– Excretes waste

Body Systems

• Respiratory– Lungs and nasal cavity,

bronchi

– Exchange gases

Body Systems

• circulatory– Heart and blood

vessels

– Transports blood and nutrients thru body

Body Systems

• Excretory/ urinary– Kidneys, urinary

bladder, urethra

– Removes waste from blood

– maintain water balance

– eliminates urine

Body Systems

• Endocrine– Pituitary glands,

pancreas thyroid, adrenal gland

– Secrete hormones to regulate metabolism

Body Systems

• Nervous– Brain, spinal column,

sense organs

– Respond to stimuli

Animation: http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200011.htm

http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200011.htm

Body Systems• Reproductive

– Vagina/Penis– Reproduction– Support dev of

embyro

Vertebrate Origins Haikouella lanceolata, early Cambrian.

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