Vertebrae - Figures

7/23/2019 Vertebrae - Figures

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Fig. 20-6. The costovertebral joints viewed from (A) above and (B) behind.


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Fig. !-". The sacro-iliac and hi# joints and the #$bic s%m#h%sis& as seen in anobli'$e section thro$gh the first sacral vertebra. (After $ain.)


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Fig. -!. The #rimar% (!& thoracic* 2& sacral) and secondar% (& cervical* +&l$mbar) c$rvat$res of the vertebral col$mn.


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Fig. -2. The #arts of a vertebra (T.,. 6) seen from above and from the rightside. Adjacent intervertebral notches form intervertebral foramina for thetransmission of nerves.


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Fig. -. The atlas from above. $scle origins and the s$#erior vertebral arter%are shown on the right side. (After Fraer.)


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Fig. -+. lateral and #osteros$#erior views of the a/is.


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Fig. -. ,ario$s vertebrae from lateral& s$#erior& and #osterior as#ects.


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Fig. -6. The #ositions& lengths& and directions of (A) the s#ino$s #rocesses and(B) the transverse #rocesses. The vertebrae in blac1 mar1 the levels at which achange in direction of c$rvat$re occ$rs.


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Fig. -". Thoracic vertebrae (and " and 3!). 4ote the bodies& #edicles&transverse and s#ino$s #rocesses& and costrotransverse joints. (o$rtes% of ,..5ohnson& ..& etroit& ichigan.)


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Fig. -7. 3$mbar vertebrae and female #elvis.


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Fig. -. 8bli'$e view of the l$mbar vertebrae. 4ote the ver% small twelfth rib&the joints between the artic$lar #rocesses of the l$mbar vertebrae (the arrowindicates the joint between 3.,.! and 3.,.2)& and the sacr$m. 9n this view theo$tline of a :cotch terrier is formed b% the transverse #rocess (sno$t& overla##ingthe vertebral bod%)& the s$#erior artic$lar #rocess (ear)& and the inferior artic$lar#rocess (fore#aw). The nec1 of the dog corres#onds to the im#ortant #arsinterartic$laris& inj$r% to which ma% res$lt in s#ond%lolisthesis.


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Fig. -!0. Female sacr$m and cocc%/. A& ;elvic and& B& dorsal as#ects showingm$sc$lar and ligamento$s attachments. &


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Fig. -!!. Female and male sacra from above. The s$#erior as#ect of the lateral#art is the ala.


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Fig. -!2. :cheme of horiontal sections of vertebrae& showing what are tho$ght

to be corres#onding #arts. 4ote that the costal element forms a #art of thetransverse #rocess of a cervical vertebra. 9t forms the rib in the thoracic region&most of the transverse #rocess in the l$mbar region& and the greater #ortion ofthe lateral #art of the sacr$m. 9n the cervical vertebra& the #osterior t$bercle ofthe transverse #rocess sho$ld #robabl% also be shaded as #art of the costalelement.


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Fig. -!. ,ariations in vertebrae. B shows the common arrangement. 9n A&=cranial shift&= a cervical rib artic$lates with .,." and rib !2 is small. 3.,.: is#artiall% =sacralied= and :.,. is #artiall% freed. 9n & =ca$dal shift&= rib !2 islarge and a small l$mbar rib is #resent. :.,.! is #artiall% =l$mbaried= and o.! isincor#orated into the sacr$m. (After :chin et al.)


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Fig. -!+. The ne$ral arch and centr$m (left half of fig$re)& and the vertebralarch and bod% (right half). The terms centr$m and ne$ral arch refer to those#arts of a vertebra ossified from #rimar% centers. The terms vertebral arch andbod% are descri#tive terms generall% a##lied to ad$lt vertebrae. The bod% of avertebra incl$des the centr$m and #art of the ne$ral arch. The vertebral arch&therefore& is less e/tensive than the ne$ral arch. 4ote that the rib artic$lates with

the ne$ral arch and not with the centr$m.


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Fig. -!. :ome s$rface landmar1s of the bac1. (From


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Fig. +0-!. >oriontal section thro$gh the m$scles of the bac1& showing thearrangement of the s#inotransverse and transversos#inal s%stems. The #osterior(;) la%er of the thoracol$mbar fascia encloses the latissim$s dorsi. The middle() and anterior (A) la%ers of the thoracol$mbar fascia enclose the '$adrat$sl$mbor$m. :ee also fig. 29-5. 3& =l$mbar interm$sc$lar a#one$rosis= (4.Bogd$1& 5. Anat.& !!?2-+0& !70).
http://www.dartmouth.edu/Part_5/chapter_29/figs_chpt_29/29-5.htmhttp://www.dartmouth.edu/Part_5/chapter_29/figs_chpt_29/29-5.htm


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Fig. +0-2. the erector s#inae& s#leni$s and transversos#inalis. (after @in1ler.)


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Fig. +0-. The s$bocci#ital triangle. ost of the semis#inalis ca#itis has beenremoved. 4ote the greater occi#ital nerve emerging at the lower border of theinferior obli'$e m$scle. The vertebral arter% and the s$bocci#ital nerve are seenin the triangle. The massive s$bocci#ital veno$s #le/$s has been omitted. 8n theleft side& lines indicate the directions and attachments of the m$scles that bo$ndthe triangle.


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Fig. +0-+. 9ntervertebral discs in median and horiontal section.


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Fig. +0-. edian section of the atlas and a/is. (After ;oirier and har#%.)


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Fig. +0-6. The ligaments of the atlas and a/is& #osterior view. A shows thevertebral arteries. B shows the interior of the vertebral canal after removal of#ortions of the s1$ll and vertebrae.


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Fig. +!-!. edian section of the vertebral col$mn& showing the different levels ofthe vertebral bodies& m%elomeres& and s#ino$s #rocesses. The s#inal cord ends atthe 3l2 vertebral level and the s$barachnoid s#ace at :!2 level. isternal&l$mbar& and e#id$ral #$nct$res are shown. As an e/am#le of a s#inal nerve& the:! nerve can be seen arising from m%elomere :! o##osite the T!2 vertebra&descending (as #art of the ca$da e'$ina)& and emerging from the first sacralforamen.


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Fig. +!-. >oriontal section of the s#inal cord showing the meninges. The d$ra isin %ellow& the arachnoid in red& and the #ia in bl$e. The anterior and #osteriors#inal arteries are shown. .:.F.& cerebros#inal fl$id in the s$barachnoid s#ace.

Vertebrae - Figures

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