Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015

7/25/2019 Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015

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2015

VERMONTSOLAR JOBS

CENSUS


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ABOUT THE SOLAR FOUNDATION

The Solar Foundation (TSF) is an independent 501(c)

(3) nonproit organization whose mission is to increaseunderstanding of solar energy through strategic research andeducation that transforms markets. TSF is considered thepremier research organization on the solar labor workforce,employer trends, and the economic impacts of solar. It hasprovided expert advice to leading organizations such as theNational Academies, the Inter-American Development Bank,the U.S. Department of Energy, and others during a time ofdynamic industry growth and policy and economic uncertainty.

While TSF recognizes that solar energy is a key part of ourenergy future, it is committed to excellence in its aim to helppeople fairly and objectively gauge the value and importance ofsolar technologies.

ABOUT BW RESEARCH PARTNERSHIP

BW Research is widely regarded as the national leader in labormarket research for emerging industries and clean energytechnologies. In addition to the Censusseries, BW Researchhas conducted rigorous solar installation and wind industrylabor market analysis for the National Renewable EnergyLaboratory, wind energy and energy retroit studies for theNatural Resources Defense Council, a series of comprehensiveclean energy workforce studies for the Commonwealth ofMassachusetts, Illinois, Vermont, Florida, Pennsylvania, Iowa,

and California, as well as numerous skills and gap analysesfor community colleges, workforce investment boards, stateagencies, and nonproit organizations.

COVER IMAGE COURTESY OF THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Solar Foundation (TSF) is a national 501(c)

(3) nonproit organization whose mission is toincrease understanding of solar energy throughstrategic research and education that transformmarkets. In 2010, TSF conducted its irst NationalSolar Jobs Census report, establishing the irstcredible solar jobs baseline and verifying thatthe solar industry is having a positive impacton the U.S. economy. Using the same rigorous,peer-reviewed methodology, TSF has conducted

an annual Census in each of the last six years totrack changes and analyze trends.

This Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015report is an

offshoot of TSFs National Solar Jobs Census 2015effort. Research partners for the Census 2015effort include the George Washington UniversitySolar Institute for providing assistance andsupport in reviewing and validating reportresults and analysis; the Solar Energy IndustriesAssociation (SEIA) for use of its National Solar

Database and peer review; and GTM Research/SEIA for providing survey respondents with theU.S. Solar Market Insight: 2014 YIR report.

Sponsors of this years Census effort include:Energy Foundation, William and Flora HewlettFoundation, Tilia Fund, George WashingtonUniversity Solar Institute, SEIA, Recurrent,SolarCity, First Solar, Sol Systems, E.ON,Trina Solar, State of Minnesota Departmentof Commerce, State of New Mexico EnergyMinerals and Natural Resources Department,Utah Governors Ofice of Energy Development,sPower, Standard Solar, CALSEIA, All EarthRenewables, and groSolar.

Finally, we want to thank all the Vermontemployers that participated in the survey. Yourresponses were critical in providing us withaccurate and timely data.

Andrea LueckePresident and Executive DirectorThe Solar Foundation

202-469-3750; [email protected]

Philip JordanPrincipal and Vice PresidentBW Research Partnership508-384-2471; [email protected] www.bwresearch.com

For questions or comments about this report, please contact either:

Please cite this publication when referencing this material as Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015,The Solar Foundation, available at: www.TSFcensus.organd SolarStates.org
mailto:[email protected]://www.thesolarfoundation.org/mailto:[email protected]://www.bwresearch.com/http://www.tsfcensus.org/http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/http://www.tsfcensus.org/http://www.bwresearch.com/mailto:[email protected]://www.thesolarfoundation.org/mailto:[email protected]


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PLACEHOLDER IMAGE

Photo courtesy of Green Mountain


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1Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015

INTRODUCTION

The U.S. solar industry experiencedyet another record-breaking year

in 2015, with more than 7,400

megawatts (MW) of domestic

photovoltaic (PV) capacity expected

to have been installed an 18.5%

increase over that of 2014 bringing

total U.S. solar capacity to nearly

27.5 gigawatts (GW).1

As the rate of capacity installation hasaccelerated, employers across the country

have continued to expand the size of theirpayrolls. This years sixth annual National

Solar Jobs Census found that the U.S. solar

industry employed 208,859 workers as of

November 2015, representing the addition

of 35,052 jobs, and a 20.2% increase in

employment over November 2014.Since The

Solar Foundation began tracking these numbersin 2010, employment in the industry has morethan doubled, growing by 123% and adding over115,000 jobs. Employers nationwide expectthis growth trend to continue through 2016,projecting to add nearly 31,000 jobs to the solarworkforce over the course of the year.

Capacity Data Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

93,502105,145

119,016

142,698

173,807

208,859

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015E

AddedCapacity(MW)

SolarJobs

U.S. PV Capacity Additions & Solar Jobs, 2010 - 2015E

PV Capacity Additions Solar Jobs


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Vermont may be the second smallest stateby population, but it has emerged as a solarpowerhouse. With rapid growth in its solarindustry over the past four years, Vermontnow measures up against states that havesigniicantly larger populations and greatersolar resources.2Vermonts counterparts in the

northeast, such as New York and Massachusetts,receive extensive attention for their matureand growing solar markets. Yet, this should notdistract from the progress made by Vermontand its current status as the 21st ranked statein terms of cumulative installed solar capacity.

The Green Mountain State has seen itsyearly installed capacity additions grow bymore than nine times since 2011, reaching acumulative installed solar capacity of just over

100 megawatts (MW) by September of 2015.3Almost half of this cumulative installed capacityis projected to have been installed in 2015.4Thisrapid increase, along with the growth of severalVermont-based solar manufacturers, has been astrong driver of solar employment in the state.As of November 2015, the state solar industryemployed 1,367 solar workers at 77 companiesacross the state.

In 2015, Vermonts residential and non-residential installations expanded dramatically,with year-over-year MW growth at 250% and317%, respectively.6Although still representingthe majority of installed capacity in 2015, utility-scale installation projects declined in growthyear over year by about 32%.

Vermonts success with solar can be seen as theproduct of supportive and stable state policies.The state adopted an expedited permittingprocess for small-scale solar energy systems.7The implementation of this process makesVermont one of only a handful of states that havetaken steps to address solar soft costs or thenon-hardware costs associated with increasingsolar energy use (e.g., local administrative orbusiness process costs).

Loan and inancial incentive programs, alongwith state property tax exemptions, havereduced inancial barriers to solar acquisition.In 2015, the Vermont Public Service Departmentgranted $125,000 to lower loan rates throughthe Vermont State Employees Credit Union.This grant will assist borrowers throughMarch 2016, or until funds are depleted.8 The

Source: SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015E

AddedCapacity(M

W)

Vermont Solar Capacity Additions, 2011 - 2015E

Residential Non-Residential Utility


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Standard Offer program, formerly known asthe Sustainably Priced Energy EnterpriseDevelopment (SPEED) Program, provides long-term contracts (10-25 years for solar) to ensurea certain return on investment to renewable

energy facility developers. The program capon MW will increase annually for the StandardOffer program.9 The Small-Scale RenewableEnergy Incentive Program, which had providedpartial funding to PV systems since 2003,stopped offering incentives for residential PV asof January 1, 2015.10

Looking forward, the Renewable EnergyStandard (RES) that the state enacted in 2015will require all utilities to derive 55% of annual

retail sales from renewable resources by thebeginning of 2017. This requirement increasesthrough 2032, when it caps off at 75%. TheRES also includes a carve-out for distributedrenewable generation (including solar) of1% by 2017, increasing to 10% by 2032, forapproximately 25 MW per year.11Additionally, inits 2015 Comprehensive Energy Plan, Vermontreafirmed its goal to meet 90% of its electricityneeds with renewables by 2050.12

A strong, statewide net metering policy has alsospurred the growth of solar energy in Vermont.Customers with solar energy systems under15 kilowatts (kW) in size receive an additionalsolar adder of $0.20 per kWh minus theutilitys retail rate ($0.19 less retail for largersystems) for all metered gross kilowatt-hours(kWh) their system produces for 10 years.13

A statewide net metering cap of 15% capacityof peak load will constrain the Vermont solar

market in the coming years. Green MountainPower (GMP), which serves three-fourths ofVermonts electricity customers, and VermontElectric Cooperative have reached this cap,as have some smaller utilities.14,15 Even whenutilities reach this cap; however, they cancontinue to accept net metering applications

for systems of 15 kW or less without priorVermont Public Service Board (PSB) approval;larger systems require the utility to petitionthe PSB.16 GMP has iled a proposal with PSB

to allow for 7.5 MW of additional, speciically

deined, projects under 150kW each, as wellas expressed their intent to continue to allow

for net metering above the cap on systems of15 kW or less.17 Changes to the statewide netmetering rules, including expansion of this cap,are currently pending with the PSB to go intoeffect for 2017.18,19Until new rules take effect,this constraint will have a chilling effect on theVermont solar market and project pipeline.

Along with the pending fate of the states netmetering policy, the Vermont solar industryincurred setbacks due to public concerns related

to the siting of solar farms.20Communities raisedconcerns about their ability to have input in thesiting process for wind and solar farms. Oneproposed 4.9 MW solar farm in Windsor, whichwould have been the largest utility-scale projectstatewide, was put on hold in 2015 due to thesetypes of siting concerns.21

Installed capacity is projected to continue tobuild upon the growth trend seen over thepast several years. Forecasts project 2016

solar installations to outpace 2015 installedcapacity.22 Vermont employers project anexpansion of their payrolls by about 178 solarworkers, or around 13% growth.23

As of November 2015, the

Vermont solar industry

employed 1,367 solar

workers, at 77 companies

across the state.


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This report includes information about all typesof Vermont companies engaged in the analysis,research and development, production, sales,installation, and use of all solar technologies ranging from solar photovoltaics (PV), toconcentrating solar power (CSP), to solar waterheating systems for the residential, commercial,industrial, and utility market segments.

The indings presented herein are based onrigorous survey efforts throughout the monthsof September, October, and November 2015 thatinclude telephone calls and emails to known andpotential solar establishments across Vermont

Unlike economic impact models that generateemployment estimates based on economicdata or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-per-dollar)assumptions, The Solar Foundations Solar Jobs

Census series provides statistically valid andcurrent data gathered from actual employers.This analysis also purposefully avoids artiiciallyinlating its results with questionable multipliereffects often found in analyses of otherindustries.

The number of establishments included in thisreport include all businesses that conduct anysolar activity. This includes many businessesthat play a very small part in a solar project,or provide inancing, legal services, or othersupport services to solar irms. Employment,however, is only counted for workers that spendat least 50% of their time on solar.

A full explanation of this methodology can befound on page 19 of this report.

ABOUT THE VERMONT SOLAR JOBS CENSUS 2015

Photo courtesy of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory


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Key Data Points

Projected Solar

Jobs Growth, 2016

178(13.0%)

Capacity Installed in

2015 thru Q3 (MW)25

34.4

VERMONT

SOLAR JOBSTotal Solar Jobs, 2015

1,367Cumulative Installed

Capacity thru Q3 2015 (MW)24

104.4Detailed employment and demographic data for Vermonts legislative districts, counties, and metropolitan statistical areas

can be found in the appendix of this report and on The Solar Foundations interactive jobs map at SolarStates.org.
http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/


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WORKFORCEOVERVIEW

Sales & Distribution Jobs

94

Project Development Jobs

64

Other Jobs

153

Manufacturing Jobs

252

Installation Jobs

804

The Vermont solar industry employs 1,367 solarworkers at 272 establishments throughoutthe state. It ranks 31st nationally in jobs, butit is 4th in solar jobs as a share of the statestotal employment. The solar workforce hasincreased year over year; this trend is projectedto continue into 2016. Employers expect to

add approximately 178 new solar workers topayrolls over the next 12 months a growth

rate of 13% while the states workforce as a

whole is projected to grow only 0.4% during

the same period.26

Installation irms employ the largest portion at 58.8% of the Vermont solar workforce,followed by manufacturing irms at 18.4%.Vermont has fewer employees as a share of itstotal solar workforce employed in both Sales &

Distribution and Project Development than theshare nationally.

Solar Jobs Census 2015

SVT S

Wkf

U.S. S

Wkf

I 58.8% 57.4%

Mfg 18.4% 14.5%

S &

Db6.9% 11.7%

Pj

Dvp4.7% 10.8%

Other 11.2% 5.7%


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VERMONT SOLAR

WORKFORCE

VERMONT OVERALL

EMPLOYMENT27U.S. SOLAR

WORKFORCE

W 25.9% 48.6% 23.8%

Af-A 0.0% - 5.1%

A Pf I 0.9% - 8.6%

L Hp 0.0% - 11.3%

O Wk (55+) 27.2% 29.4% 18.6%

U Mb 8.1% - 5.5%

V f h U.S. A

F8.1% 6.6% 8.1%

A majority of Vermonts solar jobs, 60.5%, are re-ported from residential installations, falling justbelow the national share of 63.3%. The share ofsolar jobs in Vermont related to non-residentialprojects (31.1%) is almost two times the share

nationally (15.2%). Similarly, these non-resi-

dential installations are inanced or leased, asopposed to purchased outright, at a higher ratein Vermont (72.1%) than nationally (48.1%).The share of utility-scale solar jobs in Vermont(8.4%) falls below the share of national utili-

ty-scale jobs (21.5%).

The Vermont solar workforce is generally lessdiverse than the national solar workforce as awhole, with women (25.9%), African-Ameri-cans (0.0%), Asian or Paciic Islanders (0.9%),and Latinos (0.0%) all underrepresented. How-

ever, the Vermont solar workforce employs ahigher percentage of Older Workers (27.2%)and Union Members (8.1%) than do solar irmsnationally (18.6% and 5.5% respectively).

Veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces represent auniquely valuable source of human capital forsolar employers. With a proven work ethic andpracticed discipline, veterans bring a wealth of

readily transferable skills and leadership acu-men to the industry. Through the Solar ReadyVets program, the U.S. Department of Energy ishelping the industry capitalize on this resourceby facilitating the transition from military ser-

vice to employment in the civilian solar work-force.28 Vermont solar irms clearly under-stand this value proposition, with veterans

comprising 8.1% of the states solar work-

force, compared to just 6.6% of the states

total workforce and 8.1% of the solar work-

force nationally.


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PV

M Wg

Nw Eg Dv

M Wg

U.S.

M Wg

S I $23.00 $23.00 $21.00

S S

Rpv- $24.04 $28.85

S S Dg - $25.00 $26.92

Solar Assembly Worker - - $18.00

Median wages paid to solar installers in Vermontrelect the median wages paid to solar installers

across the Northeastern states comprising theU.S. Census Bureaus New England Division29and surpass the median wages of installers inthe industry nationally. Overall though, medianwages for other solar positions within the NewEngland region lag behind the national medians.

Solar employers in Vermont experience a slight-ly higher level of dificulty inding qualiied can-didates to ill openings on their payrolls on av-erage, than solar irms nationally. Many of these

positions required education with 42.6% of

them requiring Bachelors degrees, as opposedto the national average of 35%.

About 47.9% of Vermont solar irms reportedthat they receive all of their revenues from so-lar activities, which is on par with the nation-al average of 48.2%, while 28.1% of Vermontirms reported that they receive less than halfof their revenues from solar activities, which isalso closely aligned with the national averageof 28.5%. A signiicantly larger portion of thestates solar irms (81.6%) work primarily within-state customers than solar irms nationally

(65.6%).

24.2%

23.1%

21.5%

51.7%

51.9%

50.8%

24.2%

25.0%

27.7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

National

New England

Vermont

Difficulty Hiring in Vermont

Not Difficult Somewhat Difficult Very Difficult


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About 47.9% of Vermont solar irms reported

that they receive all of their revenues from so-

lar activities, which is on par with the nation-

al average of 48.2%, while 28.1% of Vermontirms reported that they receive less than half

of their revenues from solar activities, which is

also closely aligned with the national average

of 28.5%. A signiicantly larger portion of the

states solar irms (81.6%) work primarily with

in-state customers than solar irms nationally

(65.6%).

As part of the 2015 Census effort, employers

were asked about the impacts of speciic existing,pending, and proposed policies on their busi-

ness prospects. Over a third (39.4%) of Vermont

employers cite the federal investment tax credit

(ITC) as substantially contributing to their irms

success. This was the most cited policy among

Vermont irms, mirroring national trends. Ver-

mont employers also cited other tax exemptions,

credits, and rebates (26.9%) and the states re-

newable portfolio standard (25%) as policiescontributing to their success in 2015. A signii-

cantly higher percentage of Vermont employers

(5.8%) cited net metering policies as a contrib-

uting factor to their success than did solar em-

ployers nationally (1.7%). This underscores the

effect of Vermonts net metering policies on its

solar industry.

The following pages include detailed break-

downs of workforce data by sector. While thereare a number of Vermont solar irms active in the

manufacture of solar products and equipment,

these irms responded to the survey in insufi-

cient numbers to provide statistically signiicant

data for the sector.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

EPA Clean Power Plan

Net metering

State Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)

Other tax exemptions, credits, and rebates

Investment Tax Credit (ITC)

Business Citing Policies Contributing to Success

Vermont National


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INSTALLATION

The installation sector isthe largest sector of theU.S. solar industry and iscomposed of companies thatprimarily install PV, solarwater heating, and othersolar energy technologies.

The installation sector is responsible for 58.8%

of all solar employment in Vermont, employing

804 solar workers at 272 establishments.

Vermont installation irms report lower levelsof dificulty inding qualiied candidates to illopenings on their payrolls than other irms inthe installation sector nationwide.

Percent of Solar Workforce

58.8%

Solar Installer

Median Wage

$23/hr

Establishments

148

Sector Jobs

804


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A slightly larger percentage of Vermontinstallation irms (85.1%) work primarily within-state customers than their counterparts inthe installation sector nationwide (81.5%).However, a smaller percentage of installation

irms in Vermont are pure play solar businesses,receiving 100% of their revenue from solaractivities, than installation irms across thecountry.

19.7%

23.5%

54.2%

52.9%

26.0%

23.5%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Installation

VT Installation

Installation Sector - Difficulty Hiring


11.7%

15.6%

7.2%

6.7%

22.1%

31.1%

Pure Plays, 59.0%

Pure Plays, 46.7%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Installation

VT Installation

Installation Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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SALES &DISTRIBUTION

Sales & distribution firmsprimarily sell (but not install)solar goods and services tocustomers and/or warehouseand distribute solar goodsto/for installers.

The sales & distribution sector is responsiblefor 6.9% of all solar employment in Vermont,employing 94 solar workers at 27 establishmentsstatewide.

Sales & distribution irms in the state reportsigniicantly greater levels of dificulty indingqualiied candidates to ill openings on theirpayrolls than irms in the sales & distributionsector nationwide.


6.9%

Solar Sales Representative

Median Wage

$24.04/hr

Establishments

27

Sector Jobs

94


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A larger percentage of Vermont sales &distribution irms (83.3%) work primarily within-state customers than their counterpartsin the sales & distribution sector nationwide(64.7%). Similarly, a larger percentage of sales &

distribution irms in Vermont are pure play solarbusinesses, receiving 100% of their revenue fromsolar activities, than sales & distribution irmsnationwide.

24.7%

20.0%

51.9%

30.0%

23.4%

50.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Sales & Distribution

VT Sales & Distribution

Sales & Distribution Sector - Difficulty Hiring


11.7%

12.5%

7.8%

6.3%

27.6%

12.5%

Pure Plays, 52.9%

Pure Plays, 68.8%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Sales & Distribution

VT Sales & Distribution

Sales & Distribution Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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PROJECTDEVELOPMENT

The project developmentsector includes companiesthat plan, design and buildlarge commercial- andutility-scale solar projects.

The project development sector is only responsiblefor 4.7% of all solar employment in Vermont,

employing 64 solar workers in 22 establishments

statewide.

Vermont project developers report nearly the same

levels of dificulty inding qualiied candidates to

ill openings on their payrolls as other irms in the

project development sector nationwide.


4.7%

Solar System Designer

Median Wage

$25/hr

Establishments

27

Sector Jobs

64


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A larger percentage of Vermont project

development irms (82.1%) work primarily

with in-state customers than their counterparts

in the project development sector nationwide

(74.9%). A much smaller percentage of project

development irms in Vermont are pure play solar

businesses, receiving 100% of their revenue from

solar activities, than project development irms

across the country.

21.4%

23.1%

54.1%

51.3%

24.5%

25.6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Project Development

VT Project Development

Project Development Sector -Difficulty Hiring


14.5%

13.0%

7.8%

11.1%

23.1%

27.8%

Pure Plays, 54.6%

Pure Plays, 48.1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. Project Development

VT Project Development

Project Development Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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OTHER

Other firms active insolar are primarily researchand development firms,nonprofits, governmentagencies, academic researchcenters, etc.

Firms that fall into the other sector of the solar

industry are responsible for 11.2% of all solar jobs

in Vermont, employing 153 solar workers at 50

establishments statewide

Other irms in Vermont generally report higher

levels of dificulty inding qualiied candidates to

ill openings on their payrolls than other irms

on average in the solar industry nationwide.


11.2%

Establishments

50

Sector Jobs

153


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A significantly higher percentage of other firmsin Vermont (80.0%) work primarily with in-statecustomers than their counterparts in the sector

nationwide (54.5%). Yet, a smaller percentage ofthese firms in the state are pure play solar businessesthan other firms in the industry nationally.

27.9%

16.7%

53.5%

58.3%

18.6%

25.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. "Other"

VT "Other"

"Other" Sector - Difficulty Hiring


23.4%

33.3%

10.1%

14.3%

24.3%

23.8%

Pure Plays, 42.2%

Pure Plays, 28.6%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

U.S. "Other"

VT "Other"

"Other" Sector - % Revenues from Solar

1-24% 25-49% 50-99% Pure Plays


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CONCLUSIONVermonts solar industry has lourished in recentyears; this growth is predicted to continue into

the future. In 2015, Vermont is projected toinstall enough solar capacity to nearly doubleits cumulative installed capacity, and 2016forecasts are even higher.30 Vermonts stablestatewide policies, including its newly adoptedRES and solar carve-out, will ensure continuedexpansion of solar energy within the state.

The states energy portfolio changed dramaticallywith the 2014 decommissioning of the VermontYankee nuclear plant. This plant supplied more

than 70% of the states electricity generation in2014, which means that new generation sourcesare required moving forward.31 Although thiscould lead to more demand for solar energy, thePSB approval of the 150-mile long New EnglandClean Power Link may diminish the role of solarin illing the void. This transmission line willdeliver up to 1,000 MW of hydro- and wind-generated energy from the U.S-Canadian borderto Vermont.32

GMP will continue to represent a key factorin the growth of Vermonts solar industry. Ithas been involved in the installation of severalsolar farms itself, including a 2.5 MW project inRutland.33 GMP has partnered with a peer-to-peer solar sharing network company to allowits customers without suitable roofs to investin solar panels on sun host homes. This marksthe irst utility adoption of a sharing economyplatform for its customers.34 GMP is alsoventuring into energy storage, and has teamedup with Tesla Motors to provide Vermonterswith a home battery option.35 As the irstprogram of its type in the country, it could pavethe way for future solar+storage research andinitiatives.

Similarly, GMPs partnership with the City ofRutland has led to the citys self-designationas the Solar Capital of New England. Rutland

currently boasts a cumulative installed capacityof 7.8 MW, which is the most installed capacity

in a single city within the six-state census region.The city also hosts the countrys irst microgrid powered exclusively by solar panels, aproject partially funded by the U.S. Departmentof Energy.36 If Rutland continues to embraceits newfound solar focus, it may bolster theindustry of the entire state.

The arrival of SolarCity to Vermont in 2015,which was marked by the opening of anoperations center in Burlington, underscores

Vermonts bright future with solar energy,and signals a possible expansion of residentialinstallations. This facility is projected to employ100 solar workers.37 On a broader scale, solaremployers in Vermont expect to add about178 solar workers by late 2016, a igure thatrepresents 13% growth over 2015.

In order to sustain this future growth, it isessential that Vermont employers have readyaccess to quality talent and skilled labor or

enhance their on-the-job training offerings. Toachieve this, more focused and comprehensivesolar training efforts in-house, in-state,and across the country must be suficientlyemphasized. These efforts would reduce theindustrys talent acquisition, training, andretention costs, increasing eficiency across thesolar value chain, and ultimately reducing costsfor Vermont solar customers.

This research shows that the Vermont solar

industry is a source of economic opportunity,with the potential to create jobs that pay livingwages. Only regular reexaminations of thestates solar industry, its workforce, and theemployment opportunities presented hereinwill conirm this potential is realized in years tocome.


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The Solar Jobs Censusmethodology is the mostclosely aligned with the Bureau of Labor Statis-tics (BLS) methodology for its Quarterly Cen-sus of Employment and Wages (QCEW) andCurrent Employment Statistics (CES). Like BLS,this study uses survey questionnaires and em-ployer-reported data, though ours are adminis-tered by phone and web, as opposed to mail.

Also like BLS, we develop a hierarchy of vari-ous categories that represent solar value chain

activities (within their broader NAICS frame-work), develop representative sample frames,and use statistical analysis and extrapolation ina very similar manner to BLS. We also constrainour universe of establishments by relying onthe most recent data from the BLS or the statedepartments of labor, depending on which iscollected most recently. We believe that the cat-egories that we have developed could be read-ily adopted by BLS should it choose to begin toquantify solar employment in its QCEW and CESseries.

The results from the overall 2015 Censuseffortare based on rigorous survey efforts that include287,962 telephone calls and over 44,220 emailsto known and potential energy establishmentsacross the United States, resulting in a total of2,350 full completions for solar establishmentsin the U.S. Unlike economic impact models thatgenerate employment estimates based on eco-nomic data or jobs-per-megawatt (or jobs-per-dollar) assumptions, the Solar Jobs Census se-ries provides statistically valid and current datagathered from actual employers.

The survey was administered to a known uni-verse of energy employers that includes 68,494establishments and is derived from the SolarEnergy Industry Associations National Solar

Database, as well as other public and privatesources. Of these establishments, 2,118 identi-ied as solar and completed full or substantiallycompleted surveys.

The survey was also administered to a strati-ied, clustered, random sampling from variousindustries that are potentially energy-related(unknown universe) that include a total of ap-proximately 314,000 establishments nation-wide. After an extensive cleaning and de-dupli-

cation process, a sampling plan was developedthat gathered information on the level of solaractivity (including none) from 12,765 establish-ments. Of these, 327 establishments qualiiedas solar establishments and completed full sur-veys. The sampling rigor in the known and un-known universes provides a margin of error forestablishment counts at +/-0.85% and employ-ment at +/-1.99% at a 95% conidence interval.

This level of national sampling rigor is mirrored

at the state level. In addition to the known Cen-sus, the clustered sampling in the unknownuniverse is representative relative to establish-ment totals by size in each of the 50 states andthe District of Columbia. This ensures that eachstates employment estimates are accurate witha maximum margin of error under +/-5% at a95% conidence interval.

Due to the number of qualifying responses,some smaller states have higher margins of er-

ror for non-employment related questions, suchas workforce and policy related questions, dueto the small universe of solar establishments ineach state. As a result, some state-level, non-em-ployment data is reported using regional aver-ages or have footnotes denoting small responsesizes.

APPENDIX

STATE CENSUS METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCES


24/32


GEOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF DATA

In addition to the statewide results detailed

herein, the Solar Jobs Census 2015 effort

compiled comprehensive information about thedistribution of solar workers across each state.

The Solar Jobs Census 2015 companion website,

SolarStates.org,houses solar jobs data for each

state and the District of Columbia. Here, the

employment data have been broken out and

represented in map form at the state, federal

congressional district, state legislative district,

metropolitan statistical area, and countylevels. What follows are tables presenting

the employment counts and demographic

breakdowns of the workforce at each speciied

level of granularity previously mentioned.

VERMONT STATE SENATE

DistrictTotal

Employment WomenAfrican-

American

Asian or

PaciicIslanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US ArmedForces

Addison 64 17 - - 1 1 5 5

Bennington 48 13 - - 0 1 4 4

Caledonia 89 23 - - 1 2 7 7

Chittenden 183 47 - - 2 4 15 15

Essex-

Orleans65 17 - - 1 1 5 5

Franklin 40 10 - - 0 1 3 3

Grand-

Isle-

Chittenden

185 48 - - 2 4 15 15

Lamoille 26 7 - - 0 1 2 2

Orange 59 15 - - 1 1 5 5

Rutland 92 24 - - 1 2 7 7

Washington 343 89 - - 3 7 28 28

Windham 60 15 - - 1 1 5 5

Windsor 111 29 - - 1 2 9 9

VERMONT STATE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian orPaciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

OlderWorkers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans ofthe US Armed

Forces

Addison-1 14 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Addison-2 9 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Addison-3 14 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Addison-4 21 5 - - 0 0 2 2

Addison-

Rutland7 2 - - 0 0 1 1
http://solarstates.org/http://solarstates.org/


25/32


DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Bennington-1 14 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Bennington-2-1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Bennington-2-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Bennington-3 9 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Bennington-4 11 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Bennington-

Rutland15 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Caledonia-1 21 6 - - 0 0 2 2

Caledonia-2 13 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Caledonia-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Caledonia-4 17 5 - - 0 0 1 1

Caledonia-

Washington8 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Chittenden-1 6 2 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-2 73 19 - - 1 2 6 6

Chittenden-3 8 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Chittenden-4-1 6 2 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-5-1 11 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Chittenden-6-1 3 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-6-2 38 10 - - 0 1 3 3

Chittenden-6-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-6-4 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-6-5 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0Chittenden-6-6 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-6-7 35 9 - - 0 1 3 3

Chittenden-7-1 148 38 - - 1 3 12 12

Chittenden-7-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-7-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-7-4 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-8-1 17 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Chittenden-8-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-8-3 2 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-9-1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-9-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Chittenden-10 7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Essex-Caledonia 7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Essex-Caledonia-

Orleans

16 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Franklin-1 19 5 - - 0 0 2 2

Franklin-2 2 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Franklin-3-1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0


26/32


DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Franklin-3-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Franklin-4 13 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Franklin-5 6 2 - - 0 0 0 0

Franklin-6 7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Franklin-7 1 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Grand Isle-

Chittenden

7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Lamoille-1 9 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Lamoille-2 19 5 - - 0 0 2 2

Lamoille-

Washington

2 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Orange-1 15 4 - - 0 0 1 1

Orange-2 7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Orange-

Caledonia

8 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Orange-

Washington-

Addison

44 11 - - 0 1 4 4

Orleans-1 31 8 - - 0 1 3 3

Orleans-2 2 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Orleans-

Caledonia

8 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Orleans-

Lamoille

3 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-1 13 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Rutland-2 6 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Rutland-3 1 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-4 44 12 - - 0 1 4 4

Rutland-5-1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-5-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-5-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-5-4 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-6 4 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-Bennington 4

1 - - 0 0 0 0

Rutland-

Windson-1

13 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Rutland-

Windsor-2

9 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Washington-1 28 7 - - 0 1 2 2

Washington-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Washington-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Washington-4 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0


27/32


VERMONT METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS

Metropolitan

Statistical Area

Total

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino

or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

ForcesBurlington-

South

Burlington, VT

411 107 - - 4 9 33 33

VT NONMETRO-

POLITAN AREA956 248 - - 9 21 77 77

DistrictTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Washington-5 9 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Washington-6 1 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Washington-7 38 10 - - 0 1 3 3Washington-

Chittenden

271 70 - - 2 6 22 22

Windham-1 24 6 - - 0 1 2 2

Windham-2-1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windham-2-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windham-2-3 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windham-3 24 6 - - 0 1 2 2

Windham-4 - -

Windham-5 5 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Windham-6 3 1 - - 0 0 0 0Windham-

Bennington

6 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Windham-

Bennington-

Windsor

6 1 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-1 68 18 - - 1 1 6 6

Windsor-2 12 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Windsor-3-1 1 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-3-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-4-1 1 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-4-2 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-5 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-

Orange-1

0 0 - - 0 0 0 0

Windsor-

Orange-2

9 2 - - 0 0 1 1


28/32


CountyTotal

EmploymentWomen

African-

American

Asian or

Paciic

Islanders

Latino or

Hispanic

Older

Workers

(55+)

Union

Members

Veterans of

the US Armed

Forces

Addison 49 13 - - 0 1 4 4

Bennington 41 11 - - 0 1 3 3Caledonia 53 14 - - 0 1 4 4

Chittenden 363 94 - - 3 8 29 29

Essex 13 3 - - 0 0 1 1

Franklin 41 11 - - 0 1 3 3

Grand Isle 7 2 - - 0 0 1 1

Lamoille 33 9 - - 0 1 3 3

Orange 66 17 - - 1 1 5 5

Orleans 42 11 - - 0 1 3 3

Rutland 95 25 - - 1 2 8 8

Washington 378 98 - - 3 8 31 31

Windham 61 16 - - 1 1 5 5

Windsor 124 32 - - 1 3 10 10

Photo courtesy of All Earth Renewables

VERMONT COUNTIES


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ENDNOTES

1. SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 2015

2. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Photovoltaic Solar Resource of the United States Map. RetrievedJanuary 13, 2016, from http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/map_pv_national_lo-res.jpg

3. SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 20154. Id.

5. The 2014 estimate of solar employment in Vermont was produced using a carefully developed dual methodology one for installation and construction jobs and another for non-installation jobs (covering industry sectorssuch as manufacturing, sales & distribution, project development, and other occupations that support thesolar industry). Method one used labor intensity multipliers developed internally and cross-checked withleading studies on the subject, while method two was based not only on a direct count of solar workers, butalso the average number of jobs per solar establishment and total number of establishments in the state. It isalso important to note that while the 2014 and 2015 methodologies differ, the results derived from the Censusapproach are statistically signiicant and, therefore, more credible. Details on the methodology can be found onpage 19.

6. The residential, non-residential, and utility-scale market segments are deined by SEIA based on the offtaker of

the electricity their systems generate, though they can generally be used interchangeably with small-scale (i.e.single-family household rooftop systems, no more than a handful of kilowatts), medium-scale (i.e. multi-unit,commercial, or government rooftop system), and large-scale (i.e. ground-mounted or very large rooftop systemsranging from several hundred kilowatts to several hundred megawatts in capacity).

7. Vermont Statutes Annotated, tit. 30, 219a

8. Kolb Noyles, A. (2015, December 23). Public funds lower private loan rates for community solar shares. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2016, from http://digital.vpr.net/post/public-funds-lower-private-loan-rates-community-solar-shares#stream/0

9. NC Clean Energy Technology Center. DSIRE. Standard Offer Program. Retrieved January 22, 2016, from http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/5680

10. NC Clean Energy Technology Center. DSIRE. Small-Scale Renewable Energy Incentive Program. Retrieved January22, 2016, from http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/1239

11. Vermont Statutes Annotated, tit. 30, 8002 et seq.

12. Walton, R. (2015, September 9). Vermonts updated energy plan reafirms 90% renewable goal. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermonts-updated-energy-plan-reafirms-90-renewable-goal/406332/

13. Green Mountain Power Corporation. Solar FAQ. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar/faqs/

14. Trabish, H. (2015, October 27). Vermont solar boom pushes utilities closer to net metering cap. Retrieved January22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-solar-boom-pushes-utilities-closer-to-net-metering-cap/408007/

15. Green Mountain Power Corporation. (2015, November 16). Green Mountain Power proposes strategicextension of net metering for Vermont homeowners & businesses. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5be2238c2

16. An act relating to self-generation and net metering. Vermont H.B. 207 (2014). http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2014/Acts/ACT099.pdf

17. Green Mountain Power Corporation. (2015, November 16). Green Mountain Power proposes strategicextension of net metering for Vermont homeowners & businesses. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5be2238c2

18. Vermont Public Service Board. (2016). Revised Rule 5.100 Pursuant to Act 99. Retrieved January 13, 2016, fromhttp://psb.vermont.gov/statutesrulesandguidelines/proposedrules/rule5100
http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/map_pv_national_lo-res.jpghttp://digital.vpr.net/post/public-funds-lower-private-loan-rates-community-solar-shares#stream/0http://digital.vpr.net/post/public-funds-lower-private-loan-rates-community-solar-shares#stream/0http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/5680http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/5680http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/1239http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermonts-updated-energy-plan-reaffirms-90-renewable-goal/406332/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermonts-updated-energy-plan-reaffirms-90-renewable-goal/406332/http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar/faqs/http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar/faqs/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-solar-boom-pushes-utilities-closer-to-net-metering-cap/408007/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-solar-boom-pushes-utilities-closer-to-net-metering-cap/408007/http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2014/Acts/ACT099.pdfhttp://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2014/Acts/ACT099.pdfhttp://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://psb.vermont.gov/statutesrulesandguidelines/proposedrules/rule5100http://psb.vermont.gov/statutesrulesandguidelines/proposedrules/rule5100http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2014/Acts/ACT099.pdfhttp://www.leg.state.vt.us/docs/2014/Acts/ACT099.pdfhttp://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://news.greenmountainpower.com/manual-releases/Green-Mountain-Power-Proposes-Strategic-Extension-?feed=d51ec270-a483-4f6c-a55e-8e5fbe2238c2http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-solar-boom-pushes-utilities-closer-to-net-metering-cap/408007/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-solar-boom-pushes-utilities-closer-to-net-metering-cap/408007/http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar/faqs/http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar/faqs/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermonts-updated-energy-plan-reaffirms-90-renewable-goal/406332/http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermonts-updated-energy-plan-reaffirms-90-renewable-goal/406332/http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/1239http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/5680http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/5680http://digital.vpr.net/post/public-funds-lower-private-loan-rates-community-solar-shares#stream/0http://digital.vpr.net/post/public-funds-lower-private-loan-rates-community-solar-shares#stream/0http://www.nrel.gov/gis/images/map_pv_national_lo-res.jpg


30/32

19. NC Clean Energy Technology Center. DSIRE. Net Metering. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from http://programs.dsireusa.org/system/program/detail/41

20. Hirschfeld, P. (2015, May 15). Amid criticism, senate passes renewable energy bill 22-6. Retrieved January 22,2016, from http://digital.vpr.net/post/amid-criticism-senate-passes-renewable-energy-bill-22-6#stream/0

21. Wertlieb, M. (2015, September 4). Big Windsor solar project stalled. Retrieved January 22, 2016, from http://digital.vpr.net/post/big-windsor-solar-project-stalled#stream/0

22. SEIA/GTM Research Solar Market Insight Q3 201523. It is important to note that these projections were based on employer-reported hiring plans for 2016 that may

have since changed in light of the extension of the federal investment tax credit in December of 2015 and otherregional changes that did not take effect until the end of 2015.


25. Id.

26. JobsEQ 2015Q3

27. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by state 2014Annual Averages and Employment status of veterans 18 years and over by state 2014 Annual Averages.Found at: http://www.bls.gov/

28. See, U.S. Department of Energy Solar Ready Vets. Available at: http://energy.gov/eere/sunshot/solar-ready-

vets29. U.S Census Bureau, Geographic Terms and Concepts - Census Divisions and Census Regions. Found at: https://

www.census.gov/geo/reference/gtc/gtc_census_divreg.html


31. Walton, R. (2015, June 30). EIA: Hawaii, Vermont lead nation in aggressive renewable standards. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/eia-hawaii-vermont-lead-nation-in-aggressive-renewable-standards/401529/

32. Trabish, H. (2016, January 11). Vermont regulators approve new line to bring Canadian renewables to NewEngland. Retrieved January 22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-regulators-approve-new-line-to-bring-canadian-renewables-to-new-eng/411829/

33. Green Mountain Power Corporation. Solar Projects. Retrieved January 22, 2016, from http://www.greenmountainpower.com/innovative/solar_capital/solar-projects-/

34. Walton, R.(2015, September 22). Green Mountain Power launches Vermont solar sharing program. RetrievedJanuary 22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/green-mountain-power-launches-vermont-solar-sharing-program/405989/

35. Walton, R. (2015, December 7). Vermont utility teams with Tesla to offer home battery installment plan.Retrieved January 22, 2016, from http://www.utilitydive.com/news/vermont-utility-teams-with-tesla-to-offer-home-battery-installment-plan/410357/

36. Loveless, B. (2015, September 13). Vermont solar plan brightens green energy hopes. Retrieved January22, 2016, from http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/columnist/2015/09/13/loveless-solar-rutland-vermont/32060851/

37. SolarCity. (2015, October 9). SolarCity Opens First Vermont Operations Center. Retrieved January 22, 2016, fromhttp://www.utilitydive.com/press-release/20151009-solarcity-opens-irst-vermont-operations-center/

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For questions about this report, please contact Andrea Luecke at The Solar Foundation, [email protected].

The Solar Foundation is a 501(c)(3) nonproit and relies on public support. To learn more about supporting The Solar Foundations work, go towww.TheSolarFoundation.org/donate/
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27Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015Photo courtesy of the SunComm


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Vermont Solar Jobs Census 2015

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