� �

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Beebalm (Monarda fistulosa)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: 6.0-6.7 BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Should be spaced 18-20 inches apart. Should receive adequate moisture. Pick flowers frequently to encourage production. Move outdoors if possible.

Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)

LIFE CYCLE: short-lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: May require deadheading to promote blooming. low moisture needed, as they are drought resistant.

�2

image: gardeningknowhow.com

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Cardinal Flower (Lobelia cardinalis)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun to part shade SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water deeply. Fertilize with compost

Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: poor/lean soil SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: mid-to-late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water as much as the rainfall is in normal season. Work composted material around flowers if flowering is minimal

�3

image: gardeningknowhow.com

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberous)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loose, aerated soil SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: plant about two feet apart, 2-3 inches in the ground. No cultivation necessary, watering at least 1 inch per week

Joe Pye Weed (Eupatorium maculatum)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun to part shade SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: mid-summer to fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Growth is large, so best to be moved outdoors for optimal growth.

�4

image: gardeningknowhow.com

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Meadowsweet (Amelanchier alnifolia)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: sun to shade SOIL CONDITIONS: moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: mid-to-late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water regularly with rainfall.

New England Aster (Aster novi-angliae)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun to part sun SOIL CONDITIONS: moist SOIL PH: 5.1 to 6.8 BLOOM SEASON: late summer/early fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Cut back after blooming to avoid self-seeding. Try to move outdoors by September, good when placed at roadside and great for conserving pollinators.

�5

image: gardeningknowhow.com

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Potentilla (Potentilla nepalensis)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun or light shade SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: early June to fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Plants should have plenty of moisture.

Obedient Plant (Physostegia virginiana)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer to fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Deadheading may be necessary. Plant in container with drain holes to prevent spreading. Water same amount as rainfall.

�6

image: gardeningknowhow.com

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: acidic BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Removing flowers will encourage re-blooming. Flower as much as rainfall

Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral to slightly acidic BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water as much as rainfall.

�7

image: abnativeplants.com

image: wildflower.org

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: partial shade SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Blooms will not occur until second year. Deadheading may be necessary. Water as much as rainfall.

Violet (Viola adunca)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Can be grown in containers. Water as much as rainfall

�8

image: flowerpictures.us

image: gardeningknowhow.com

Vermont Native Flowers & Shrubs

� �

Virginia Rose (Rosa virginiana)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full to part shade SOIL CONDITIONS: dry to moist BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Pruning should occur after winter injury. Drought resistant, water less frequently.

Witchazel (Hamamelis virginiana)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun - part shade SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: September-December VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Regular watering during the first season, then as much water as rainfall.

�9

image: fpcs.edu

image: gardeningknowhow.com

� �

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

� �

Basil (Ocimum Basilicum)

LIFE CYCLE: short lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Make sure soil is moist. Water plants freely. Harvest should occur where there is 6 leaves, above the second set. Plant 10-12 inches apart. Basil works well next to tomato plants.

Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum)

LIFE CYCLE: short lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained & moist SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Works best when planted in a pot, with two plants spending life together to produce higher yields. Watering everyday may be necessary. Harvest when peppers reach desired size, using a sharp edge to reduce damage. Green peppers become red peppers when left to mature.

�11

image: getridoffliesguide.org

image: almanac.com

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

� �

Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: sandy SOIL PH: acidic BLOOM SEASON: fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Soil should have good drainage. Planting may occur in late fall or early spring. Water 1 inch per week.

Blueberry (Vaccinium)

LIFE CYCLE: short lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: moist & well-drained SOIL PH: acidic BLOOM SEASON: summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Supply 1-2 inches of water per week. Can be grown in a pot

�12

image: almanac.com

image: almanac.com

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

� �

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)

LIFE CYCLE: short lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loamy/sandy SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Nutrient absorbing - avoid playing next to tomatoes. Can be grown near cucumbers. Water 2 inches per week. Harvest when desired size and firmness are reached. Leave outer leaves rooted to garden

Cucumbers (Cucumis Sativus)

LIFE CYCLE: SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loamy SOIL PH: neutral BLOOM SEASON: late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water frequently and slowly, and up to a gallon per week when fruit forms. Harvest when 6-8 inches long. Vertical vines suggested

�13

image: almanac.com

image: thompson-morgan.com

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

� �

Raspberry (Rubus)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loamy/sandy SOIL PH: slightly acidic to neutral BLOOM SEASON: Fall VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Support may be necessary. Water 1 inch per week. Prune shoots. Fruit production begins in second season.

Strawberry (Fragaria)

LIFE CYCLE: perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loamy SOIL PH: slightly acidic to neutral BLOOM SEASON: spring VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Water about 1 inch per week. Place 10 inches apart.

�14

image: almanac.com

image: almanac.com

Garden Vegetables, Fruits & Herbs

� �

Tomato (Lycopersicon Esculentum)

LIFE CYCLE: short lived perennial SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun SOIL CONDITIONS: well-drained SOIL PH: acidic BLOOM SEASON: late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Must have support system, as a tomato grows on a vine. Suggestion is staking or cages. Watering should occur regularly, aiming for 2 inches of moisture per week. If soil is dry, water it. Keep moisture levels consistent so as to not produce inconsistent growth. Should be located in a sunny part of the greenhouse. If ripe tomatoes fall on the ground, put them in a paper bag, stem up, in a cool, dark place.

Parsley (Petroselinum crispum)

LIFE CYCLE: Bienniel SUNLIGHT CONDITIONS: full sun to part sun SOIL CONDITIONS: loamy BLOOM SEASON: late summer VERMONT NATIVE STATUS: not native POLLINATOR STATUS: good for pollinators

MANAGEMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Watering plants evenly in the summer is important. Harvest can occur when leaf stem has three segments. Replanting for the winter is possible if kept in a sunny window. Plant about 6-8 inches apart.

�15

image: almanac.com

image: brooksidenursery.co.uk

� �

Special Thanks & Works Cited

� �

Special Thanks Environmental Policy Capstone, Spring 2016

Dr. Valerie Esposito & Dr. Kristin Wolf Champlain College - Sustain Champlain

Green Revolving Fund

Works Cited "Bonnie's Plants." Growing Bee Balm. Bonnie Plants, n.d. Web. Spring 2016. "Gardening Know How." Gardening Know How. N.p., n.d. Web. Spring 2016. "Old Farmer's Almanac." Old Farmer's Almanac. N.p., n.d. Web. Spring 2016. "Spiraea Tomentosa - Steeplebush." American Beauties: Native Plants. N.p., n.d.

Web. Spring 2016. "Virginia Rose." USDA NRCS Plant Guide (n.d.): n. pag. United States

Department of Agriculture. Web. Spring 2016. Winslow, Susan R. New England Aster: An Introduced Forb for Conservation Use

in Montana and Wyoming (n.d.): n. pag. Usda.gov. Web. Spring 2016.

�17