VERBS

What is a verb?

a. A word which expresses an action; tells what is being done to, by, or for the subject

b. A word which expresses state of being (existence)

Aka: Action words

4 Basic Forms

1. Base form

2. Present Participle

3. Past

4. Past Participle

Example

Base form Present Participle

Past Past Participle

To run [is] running Ran [have] ran

What have you noticed?

• Base form=original form

• Present participle=NOW (is + -ing)

• Past= Before NOW (base form + -d, -ed)

• Past participle= (helping verb + -d, -ed)

Regular Verbs

• Forms the past & past participle by adding –d or –ed to the end of the original form

Past= add –d or –edPast participle= have/had + add –d or –ed

NOTE: some regular verbs end in –t

Irregular Verbs

• Forms past & past participle differently than regular verbs

• These are tricky & unpredictable!!!

Irregular verbs change in the following ways:

1. Changing consonants

2. Changing vowels

3. Changing vowels & consonants

4. Making no change

Just Plain Trouble..

1. lie = to rest or recline (always intransitive; has no direct object. Ex: lie on the floor)

Lie → lay → lain

2. lay = put or place something (always transitive; has a direct object. Ex: will lay carpet in room)

Lay → laid → laid

Just plain trouble continued…

3. Sit = have or keep; (always intransitive; ex: I sit at that desk.)

Sit → sat → sat

4. Set = place or fix in position (always intransitive; ex: you set the lamp on the table.)

Set → set → set

MORE…

5. Rise = to ascend (to go up); (always intransitive; ex: the smoke rose into the sky.)

Rise → rose → risen

6. Raise = to lift (transitive); ex.: John raised the window.

Raise → raised → raised

MORE…

7. Let = to permit or allow; Ex: Please let me out.

Let → let → let

8. Leave = abandon; depart from

Leave → left → left

9. Borrow = obtain from another intent or return

borrow → borrowed → borrowed

MORE…10.Lend = to let another erson have or use

something for a time

lend → lent → lent

• Teach = to give instruction

Teach → taught → taught

• Bring = come with some person/ thing from another place

bring → brought → brought

• Take = to go with a person/ thing to another place

Take → took → taken

What is tense?

• The time of an action or state of being expressed by the action\

• 6 tenses:PresentPastFuturePresent PerfectPast PerfectFuture Perfect

The three main tenses are…

• Present

• Past

• Future

1.) Present tense

• An action that is occurring NOW!!!

EX: I run

FUTURE= helping verb + present

EX: I will run

2.) Past tense

• An action that occurred before the present

• Before NOW!!!

EX: I ate last night.

3.) Future tense

• An action that WILL happen in the future

EX: I will run today.

Compound tenses

• Present perfect tense

• Past perfect tense

• Future perfect tense

4.) Present perfect tense

• An action completed or perfected in present time.

EX: She has talked to him.

Formula: has + verb in past tense=present perfect

5.) Past Perfect

• An action which finished BEFORE a past action

EX: I had ridden by bike four miles before I fell off.

Formula: Had + verb in past= past perfect

6.) Future Perfect

• An action will be started AND finished in the future

EX: I will have talked four hours to the girls before I am finished.

Formula: shall/will + have + past perfect= future perfect

Future perfect continued…

• Shall → 1st person

• Will → 2nd & 3rd person

Progressive Form

• Each tense has a progressive form

• Expresses continuing action or state of being

• Look at chart on p. 190 for different forms

Homework

• Complete Exercises 11 & 12

Consistency of Tense

• Be consistent when using verbs

1. If you are talking about events occurring at the same time, then keep verbs in the same tense

2. If you are describing events that occur at different times, then use verbs of different tenses

3. Complete exercise 13

Helping (auxiliary) verbs• Comes before a main verb & expresses an attitude toward the

action• Common auxiliary verbs:Can, couldMay MustMightOughtWill, shallShouldwould

Complete exercise 14

Active/Passive Voice

• Action= subject of verb performs the action

Ex: Gym Meet brings a class together.

• Passive= subject of verb receives the action

Ex: Gym Meet was ruined by parents rioting.

When to use passive voice

• When emphasizing the receiver of the action.

• When you do not know, or do not want to reveal the performer of the action

Complete exercises 15 & Review C

Indicative mood

• Used to state a fact, deny a fact, or ask a question.

• Create your own examples. Provide 5 sentences and state why each sentence is part of the indicative mood.

Imperative Mood

• Used to express a direct command or request

• Example: Be silent!

Take out your notebooks!

Please write neatly on the test.

Subjunctive mood

• Used to express a suggestion, a necessity, a condition contrary to fact, or a wish.

• Examples: I wish I was taller. It is necessary to watch the

O.C. on Thursday nights.

Complete exercise 17

Complete the Chapter Review A, B, C, D, & E on pp. 206-208

GREAT JOB COMPLETING THIS UNIT!!!!