VERBS AND TENSES · 2020. 8. 27. · VERBS AND TENSES A Verb is an action word that tells us what...

ST. XAVIER’S SCHOOLS-CHANDIGARH, PANCHKULA, MOHALI, ZIRAKPUR

Class 10 English Worksheet-4 (Language)

VERBS AND TENSES

A Verb is an action word that tells us what someone or something is doing.

It may refer to the (1) present time (2) past time (3) future time .

A Verb that refers to present time is said to be in the Present Tense

A Verb that refers to past time is said to be in the Past Tense.

A Verb that refers to future timeis said to be in the Future Tense

Thus there are three main Tenses:The Present, The Past,The Future.

The Tense of a Verb shows the time of an action.

The forms of the PRESENT TENSE are:

1. Simple Present e.g. write/ writes

2. Present Continuous e.g. am/is/are writing

3. Present Perfect e.g. has/have written

4. Present Perfect Continuous e.g. has/have been writing

The forms of the PAST TENSE are:

1. Simple Past e.g. wrote

2. Past Continuous e.g. was / were writing

3. Past Perfect e.g.had written

4. Past Perfect Continuous e.g. had been writing

The forms of the FUTURE TENSE are:

1. Simple Future e.g. will write

2. Future Continuous e.g. will be writing

3. Future Perfect e.g. will have written

4. Future Perfect Continuous e.g. will have been writing

EXERCISE 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given:

1. I .....two chapters of this book.(write)

2. He .....butter on a piece of bread.( like)

3. They .....eating an hour ago.(finish)

4. We .....tea in the afternoon.(take)

5. He .....the movie on Sunday.(watch)

6. The doctor .....the life of the child.(save)

7. She .....me a nice gift.(give)

8. I practice .....verbs for one week.(practice)

9. We .....our seats before the show began.(take)

10. He .....his favourite novel in the library.(read)

EXERCISE 2

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given

1. The earth ..... around the sun.(revolve)

2. Tomorrow I ..... for Dubai.(leave)

3. I .....to the beach next Sunday.(go)

4. They .....football next Sunday.(play)

5.Julia .....her assignment before the boss arrived.(complete)

6. I ..... to go for a walk.(use)

7. She .....to learn French for one month.(try)

8. The teacher .....the lecture.(deliver)

9. When I opened my eyes, I .....a strange sight.(see)

10. The students.....their dialogues.(rehearse)

EXERCISE 3

Fill in each blank with a suitable form of the word given in brackets:

Napoleon was....(involve) in a conversation with a colonel of a Hungarian battalion

who.....(take) prisoner in Italy. The colonel mentioned that he.....(fight)in the army

of Maria Theresa. ―You must have a few years under your belt!‖ ....(exclaim) Napoleon. ―I‘m sure I‘ve lived sixty or seventy years,‖ .....(reply) the colonel.

―You mean to say,‖ Napoleon continued, ― you.....(not keep) track of the years you.....(live)?‖ The colonel promptly replied, ― Sir, I always count my money ,my shirts, and my horses, but as far as for my years, I know nobody who wants.....(steal) them, and I

shall surely never lose them.‖

EXERCISE 4


A giant plane, ......(carry) 43 passengers was forced to crash land when its ....(land)

gear got stuck. Only the skill of the pilot.....(prevent) a major tragedy. The landing

gear .....(not come) down as it prepared to land at the airport. Expert mechanics

laboured over the plane for three hours before they found what caused the

mechanical.....(fail ). What they found was almost unbelievable.

A nut about as small as a pencil eraser ....(fall) into a channel, or had been picked

up on the runway, and had prevented a pin from being withdrawn. This in turn kept

the gear from ( move).

Small things , often determine the well being of countless people. One incident can

endanger the ....( safe) of a large number of people.

EXERCISE 5


The American Academy of Pediatrics .......(recommend) 60 minutes of daily

unstructured free play as an essential part of children‘s physical and mental health and social development. Back in the day, children.....(see)........(play) various local

games that.....(keep) a child‘s metabolism.......(tick) and ......(help) the body grow. Today obesity is a big problem. Longer school hours, emphasis on academics,and

access to gadgets .......(lead) to a sedentary lifestyle. One hour of play a day

......(make) a huge difference.

Answer key of English Worksheet-2 (Literature)

OLD MAN AT THE BRIDGE Ans 1. The old man was sitting by the side of the road.

The old man wore a steal rimmed spectacle and had black dusty clothes. He neither

looked like a Shepherd nor like a herdsman. He had a gray dusty face. He seemed to be

tired.

Ans 2. A Pontoon bridge is mentioned in the story.

Carts, trucks, men, women and children were crossing the bridge.

Ans 3. The narrator‘s business was to cross the bridge, explore the bridgehead beyond and find out to what point the enemy had advanced.

Ans 4. The old man sits there without moving because he had already walked twelve

kilometers from his native town and he was too tired.

Ans 5. It was a war-like situation(The Spanish Civil War)and the enemies were

advancing forward and soon their planes would launch bombs on the bridge. So, the

narrator was worried that the man might get killed unless he gets to a safe distance.

Ans 6. The old man had come from San Carlos.

He had come because of the artillery during the Spanish war.The captain had told him to

leave the place.

Ans 7. The old man owned two goats, a cat, and four pairs of pigeons.

He had left the animals behind in his native town because of the artillery fire.

Ans 8. The narrator advises the old man not to keep sitting by the road side as the enemy

was advancing and soon their planes would launch bombs on the bridge. He tells him to

go up the road to where it divided for Tortosa as there were trucks there which would

take the old man to Barcelona.

Ans 9. The old man was worried about the animals which he had left behind in his native

place.He was more worried about his goats as they were not safe under the artillery and

they could not escape like the cat or fly away like the doves.

Ans 10. He had already travelled twelve kilometers, so he was too tired to go any further.

He was weak, the old man had no family and he had left his animals behind, he felt

helpless as he couldn't save his animals; he had surrendered himself to his fate.

Ans 11. People become homeless as men, women and children had to leave their native

place along with their belongings to save themselves.

War separates people from their loved ones just like the old man had to leave behind his

animals whom he loved a lot.

Ans 12. The narrator tries to convince the old man that the animals would probably be

alright. The cat would take care of itself; the dove swould fly away since the old man

had left the cage unlocked. He advises him not to worry about the others and urges him to

go to a safer place.

Ans 13. The old man gets to his feet, sways from side to side and then sits down

backwards in the dust. He chooses to stay back there and face his death.

Ans 14. " All the good luck that the old man could ever have" is that the cats would

protect themselves and as the sky was cloudy, the fascists would not launch their planes

to attack the local people.

Ans 15. The Spanish civil war has been mentioned in the story.

………………………………………………………………..,... Answer key of English Worksheet-3 (Literature)

AN ANGEL IN DISGUISE ( PROSE) Ans 1. The woman was the mother of three children, John, Kate and Maggie. She was an

alcoholic and despised because of her idleness and addiction to liquor.

She had fallen upon the threshold of her own door in a drunken fit, and died in the

presence of her frightened little children.

Ans 2. The woman did not have good relations with others. She was not liked by anyone

in the village due to her bad behavior and habits. She had been despised, scoffed at, and

angrily denounced.

Ans 3. The woman had three children.

The first one was John, the oldest, a boy of twelve years, was a stout lad ,able to earn his

living with any farmer.

The second one was Kate, between ten and eleven years was a bright, active girl, out of

whom something clever might be made.

The third one was poor little Maggie, the youngest ,who was hopelessly diseased.She

had injured her spine after a fall from a window, two years before and was now

bedridden.

Ans 4. Now, after the woman's death the matter of concern was that, who would take care

of her three children. They were too young to fend for themselves and could not be left

alone.

Ans 5. Farmer Jones offered to take John with him as John was stout and the farmer

could make him work in his fields.

Ans 6. Mrs. Ellis took Kate as she had been looking for a bound girl to work in her house.

Ans 7. The villagers looked at Maggie with pity.They showed concern for the poor

child.They felt sympathetic and concerned for the sad eyes and patient face of the little

girl.

No one wanted to take her home as she was disabled and bed ridden and would be of no

use to them.

Ans 8. The rough man suggested that Maggie should be taken to a Poor house. It would

be the best place for her because she would be kept clean, get healthy food and be

doctored.

Ans 9. Mr. Thompson, the wheel wright finally took Maggie. He took her home because

he had a tender heart and liked children.Maggie had requested him not to leave her alone

in the hovel.

Ans 10. Mr. Thompson had a rough exterior but unlike his external experience he was a

kind hearted man, who loved children. He was the only one in the village who

volunteered to take Maggie home and took good care of her.

Ans 11. Mrs. Thompson showed her anger and astonishment when she saw Maggie being

brought home by Mr. Thompson.She questioned him if he had brought that 'sick brat'

home.

Ans 12. Joe Thompson told his wife that the little child‘s mother had died and she was left alone in the little hut. He informed her that nobody was ready to take the bed ridden

girl and she could not walk to the Poor house on her own as suggested by the others.It

was getting dark so he decided to bring her home and woul take her to the Poor house

after taking permission from her guardians.

Ans 13. Joe asked Mrs. Thompson to be kind by giving an example of the lines in the

Bible (the views of Jesus Christ on how God rewards those who help little children). He

also reminded her of Maggie's dead mother and loneliness, pain and sorrow, which

Maggie was undergoing at that moment. This probably melted her heart and she went to

see Maggie in the little chamber.

Ans 14. Joe considered the light shining through the window a good sign (omen) because

it was a sign of hope that revealed the change in Mrs. Thompson's attitude towards the

girl (Maggie).The light symbolized to him the sunshine of love that would now fall upon

their home.

Ans 15. Joe was relieved to see that his wife was no longer resentful of Maggie being in

their house and was in fact sitting in her chamber,talking tenderly to the child.

Ans 16. Joe saw Maggie‘s thin face under the lamp light. He noticed that it was an attractive face and full of childish sweetness which so much suffering, had not been able

to remove.

Ans 17. Joe did not see the guardians of the poor house ever again because Mrs.

Thompsons feelings had changed for Maggie. She had started loving Maggie. They

decided to adopt her as their own child.

Ans 18. Mrs. Thompson was a bitter and angry person before Maggie came to her life.

She had nothing to love and care for out of herself, and so she had become sore, irritable,

ill-tempered and self-afflicting.

Ans 19. Maggie was an angel in disguise. She came to the house of the Thompson‘s disguised as a sick, helpless and miserable child and filled all its dark and dreary

chambers with the sunshine of her love. The miraculous effect that Maggie's presence

had on the woman's character and the happiness that she brings to them proved her to be

an angel in their lives.

Ans 20. The story emphasizes on the importance of loving and caring for others. We

must show love, kindness and compassion towards others.It conveys the restorative and

transformative power of selfless love.

Class 10 Hindi Worksheet-4

Answer Key of Hindi Worksheet-3

Class 10 Punjabi worksheet-4

੧- ਹੇਂਠ ਦ ਿੱ ਤੇ ਦਿਸ਼ੇ ਉੱਤੇ ਘਿੱ ਟੋ-ਘਿੱਟ ੨੫੦ ਸ਼ਬ ਾਂ ਾ ਲੇਖ ਦਿਖੋ :--

ਦਸ਼ ਵ ਿੱਚ ਿੱਧ ਵਿਹਾ ਰਦੂਸ਼ਣ- ਕਾਿਨ, ਰਬਾ ਅਤ ਿਕਥਾਭ ਲਈ ਸੁਝਾਅ।

੨-ਹੇਂਠ ਦਿਖੇ ਦਿਸ਼ੇ ਤੇ ਘਿੱ ਟੋ - ਘਿੱਟ ੧੨੦ ਸ਼ਬ ਾਂ ਦਿਿੱ ਚ ਦਚਿੱ ਠੀ ਦਿਖੋ:--

ਅਿੱਜ ਕਲ ਹਿ ਤਿਪ ਕਿਨਾ ਾਇਿਸ ਦਾ ਡਿ ਪਵਲਆ ਹਇਆ ਹ,ਇਸ ਫਾਿ ਆਣ ਛਟ ਬਿਾ ਜਾਾਂ

ਬਣ ਨੂੂੰ ਵਚਿੱਠੀ ਵਲਿੱਖ ਕ ਜਾਗਿੁਕ ਕਿਦ ਹਏ ਉਸ ਤੋਂ ਫਚਾਅ ਦ ਉਾਅ ਵਲਖ।

Class 10 History Civics Worksheet-3

MAJOR AGENCIES OF THE UNITED NATIONS

INTRODUCTION

The aim of UN is to maintain world peace and promote social progress for the betterment

of humanity . The UN has 18 specialised agencies and 14 Programmes to support and

achieve its objective . Below mentioned are the few important agencies of the UN ,

alongwith their details :-

UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY FUND

( UNICEF )

AIM : The UNICEF activities are aimed at improving the quality of life of children

and women in developing countries .

HEADQUARTERS : New York , USA

FUNCTIONS : -

1. To provide protective food like milk, meat, fish & fats to the children .

2. To provide funds for training of health workers .

3. To provide instant help to women & children in case of natural disasters .

4. To support programmes to suppress crime against women & children .

WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION (WHO)

AIM : To promote health programmes , health development , health education & to

fight diseases .

HEADQUARTERS : Geneva , Switzerland

FUNCTIONS :-

1.To promote research in various health related issues .

2. To set international standards related to food, drugs, medicines, vaccines,etc.

3. It helps in fighting and eradicating diseases .

4. It acts as a World Clearing House for medical & scientific information .

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL , SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL

ORGANISATION(UNESCO)

AIM : To promote education, science, culture and communication in and across

various nations .

HEADQUARTERS : Paris

FUNCTIONS :-

1. To promote education among children and adults .

2. To provide advice and assistance regarding school construction , preparation of

courses and textbooks .

3. To provide scholarships to teachers and students .

4. To organize book fairs and festivals at national and international level .

EXERCISE : Read , learn and write a detailed note on the various agencies of the UN .

Answer Key of S.St. Worksheet-3 (History Civics -2)

Q.1 Explain the meaning of NAM .

Ans.1 NAM is a forum of developing countries that are not formally aligned with or

against any major power blocs, i.e. , USA & Russia .

Q.2 State the objectives of NAM .

Ans.2 NAM has the following objectives :-

1. Abolition of Imperialism & Colonialism

2. Maintenance of International Peace

3. To end Racism

4. Encourage disarmament

5.Protection of environment

Q.3 What is Panchsheel ?

Ans.3 Panchsheel means ― Five Principles of Moral Conduct.‖ Lord Buddha had stated these principles .

1.Mutual respect for each other‘s territorial integrity 2.Non-aggression

3.Non-interference in one another‘s internal affairs 4.Equality

5.Peaceful Co-existence

Q.4 Discuss the role of Nehru in NAM .

Ans.4 Nehru played a vital role in this movement which is as follows :

1. He helped in stating the PANCHSHEEL( five principles)

2.He laid emphasis on Disarmament

3. He encouraged friendly relations & peace among nations

4. India under Nehru‘s leadership strongly opposed North Korean aggression against South Korea .

Q.5 Find the meaning of the following terms :

a. Imperialism - Imperialism is a policy (way of governing) in which large or powerful

countries seek to extend their authority beyond their own borders.

b. Colonialism - Colonialism occurs when a country or a nation takes control of other

lands, regions, or territories outside of its borders (boundaries of the country) by turning

those other lands, regions, or territories into a colony.

c. Racism - Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits

corresponding to physical appearance and can be divided based on the superiority of

one race over another

d. Disarmament - Disarmament is the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons.

e. Cold War - A cold war is a state of conflict between nations that does not involve

direct military action but is pursued primarily through economic and political actions

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacismhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict_(process)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_actionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_sanctions

Class 10 Geography Worksheet-3

NATURAL VEGETATION

Natural Vegetation is the compact composition of climate, soil and biotic factors.

IMPORTANCE OF FORESTS: -

1. They supply timber for building purposes, furniture making, shipbuilding, etc.

and firewood for domestic and industrial purposes.

2. Softwood like bamboo and grasses supply raw material for wood pulp, paper and rayon

industries.

3. They provide grazing ground for cattle.

4. They are home of wild animals and birds.

5. They increase fertility of the soil by increasing the humus content of the soil.

6. Other valuable substances that come from forest are bark for tanning, gum, dyes, drugs, fruits

and roots.

7. They check floods by retaining rainwater.

8. They help in rainfall by adding moisture in the air and also have a great influence on the

climate.

9. They check soil erosion especially on the hill slopes.

10. They help in conservation of soil.

11. They are a source of employment to a large number of people.

12. They increase the natural beauty of the landscape.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE TYPE AND DISTRIBUTION OF FORESTS:-

Rainfall

soil

Sunlight

Temperature

Relief

TYPES OF NATURAL VEGETATION: -

1. Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests.

2. The Deciduous Monsoon Forests.

3. Thorn and Scrub Forests or Desert and Semi- desert vegetation.

4. The Mangrove or Tidal or Littoral Forests.

5. The Mountain Forests or the Mixed Forests.

1. Tropical Evergreen Rain Forests: -

Rainfall more than 250 cm

Average temperature is 25 °C to27° C

Relative humidity exceeds 77%

Important characteristics

They are found in areas of heavy rainfall.

Trees of these forests do not shed their leaves in a particular season. So they look

always green.

These forests contain numerous species. These are dense and a canopy of tall trees

obstructs the sunlight from reaching the ground.

There is dense undergrowth and trees are hardwood.

These forests contain numerous species of high economic value but it is not

commercially exploited due to dense undergrowth, absence of proper transport and

lack of pure stands.

Such forests are found in western parts of the Western Ghats, North-east India

comprising Garo-Khasi- Jaintia hills, eastern parts of subtropical Himalayas or Terai

region and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

IMPORTANT TREES ARE

1. Rosewood-

It is hard fine grained

Used for making expensive furniture.

Grows in TN, Kerala and Karnataka

2. Sisam Or Sissoo-

It is hardwood

Used for making expensive furniture.

3. Gurjan-

Used for house building, railway sleepers and furniture.

Found in West Bengal, Andaman and Nicobar and Himalayan region.

Other Species are- toon-(making toys and tea boxes, bamboo, jamun, cane ,

Mahogany, Ebony, Rubber, chaplas-(furniture and shipbuilding), Telsur- ( boats,

carts, planking of bridges) etc.

NOTE -

The western side of the Western Ghats receives more rainfall as it is on the windward

side so tropical evergreen forests are found on this side whereas eastern side of

Western Ghats is on the leeward side which receives less rainfall so Tropical

deciduous forests are found.

Tropical Evergreen Forests looks green always because trees of this forest do not shed

their leaves in a particular season. As it looks green always so it is named Evergreen.

2.The Tropical Deciduous Forests or Monsoon Forests: -

Rainfall between150-200 cm

Average temperature24° C to27°C

Relative humidity between60% to 80%

Important Characteristics: -

Found in areas of rainfall between150 to200 cm

Trees are of deciduous type.

These trees shed their leaves in hot weather when the scarcity of water is acute.

These trees shed their leaves for about 2 to 3 weeks in March- April (during late

spring and early summer) in order to conserve water.

These trees are economically very important as they yield valuable timber and many

other forest products.

They occupy larger area in the country as compared to evergreen forests.

It extends over entire peninsula, east of the Western Ghats and contrives through the

Ganga plain up to the foothills of the Himalayas.

Important trees are- Sal, teak , Sandalwood, Semul, arjan, mahua, khair, palas, mango,

neem ,jackfruit,myrobalan etc.

Note→ These forests are most extensive in India. They stretch from the Leeward side of the Western Ghats in the south to the foothills of the Himalayas in the north.

USES OF IMPORTANT TREES :

1. Sal:-

Hard, heavy, resistible to white ants.

It is used for making railway sleepers and house building.

Found in Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Odisha and NE India.

2.Teak:-

Used for making furniture, construction of houses (doors, windows etc) and

shipbuilding.

Seasoned teakwood can resist white ants.

It does not erode or rust iron nails.

Teak is found in Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Odisha, Bihar, Maharashtra and Tamil

Nadu.

3. Sandalwood: -

Used for curving and handicrafts.

It's oil is very good perfumery and cosmetics

It is mainly found in Karnataka.

4. Semul:-

This is very soft and white.

Used for making matchboxes, toys and packing cases.

Found in Assam, Bihar and T N.

5. Myrobalan:-

Its fruit is used for tanning leather and for dyeing purposes- cotton, wool and silk.

It is found in Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana,

Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.

6. Bamboo: -

used for construction purposes

Manufacturing of paper and pulp.

Found in NE states like Assam, Nagaland.

7. Khair : -

provides tanning material

Katha making

Other trees are Palas, mahua, Tendu , Badam, Amla, Laurel and Chikori etc.

3.Desert and Semi- desert Vegetation or Thorn and Scrub Forests: -

. Rainfall less than 10 cm.

Trees are characterised by widely scattered thorny bushes.

Trees are short which not more than 6 to10 m tall is but its roots are very long and can

tap water from great depths.

Fleshy stems can also store water which help to survive during dry period. Sharp

spines protect themselves from animals.

Such vegetation is known as xerophytes.

These are found in- Rajasthan, Gujarat, S. W Punjab, Haryana, drier parts of Deccan

Plateau in Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

The important trees are: _ acacia, babul, kikar, palm, Ber and khajuri.

Uses of Important trees:-

1. Babul: -

Yields gum

Used for tanning hides and skins.

2. Khajuri: - provides durable wood.

Class 10 Physics Worksheet-4

POWER: Rate of doing work is called power. It is a scalar quantity. P=W/t. It depends on

work done by the source and time taken by the source to do the said work. P=F x v. where F

is force and v is velocity. S.I. unit of power is watt. If 1 joule of work is done in 1 second, the

power spent is said to be 1 watt. 1watt = 1 Js-1 = 107 erg s-1. Horse power: Another unit of

power, largely used in mechanical engineering.

1 H.P. = 746 W = 0.746 kW

ENERGY: The energy of a body is its capability to do work. It is also a scalar quantity.

There is no transfer of energy if a body is acted upon by a force normal to the direction of its

displacement. S.I. unit of energy is joule and c.g.s unit of energy is erg. 1 J = 107 erg. 1 kWh

= 3.6 x 106 J.

Mechanical energy is of two forms: 1) kinetic energy, 2) potential energy.

1) Kinetic energy : it is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its motion. K.E. =

mv2/2.

2) Potential energy : it is the energy possessed by the body by virtue of its position, size

or shape. P.E. = mgh Where m is mass, v is velocity, g is acceleration due to gravity,

and h is height.

FORMS OF ENERGY: Potential energy is of two kinds; (1) gravitational potential energy

due to its changed position, and (2) elastic potential energy due to its changed size and shape.

Gravitational Potential Energy: Each body experiences a force of attraction due to Earth

which is called force due to gravity or weight of the body. The potential energy possessed by

a body due to the force of attraction of Earth on it, is called its gravitational potential energy.

The gravitational potential energy of a body is zero when it is at infinity because the force of

attraction of earth on the body is then zero. The gravitational potential energy of a body at a

point is equal to the amount of work done by the force of attraction of Earth in bringing that

body from infinity to that point. Since work is done by the force of gravity itself, so at finite

distance from Earth, the gravitational potential of the body is negative. As the distance of the

body from the surface of Earth increases, the force of attraction of Earth decreases and its

gravitational potential energy increases.

Elastic Potential Energy: When an external force is applied on a non rigid body, it gets

deformed due to change in its size and shape. On removal of the force, it regains its original

form due to the property of elasticity. The potential energy possessed by a body in the

deformed state due to change in its size and shape is called elastic potential energy.

TYPES OF KINETIC ENERGY: A body can have three forms of motion i.e. linear

motion, rotational motion and vibrational energy.

Linear kinetic energy: The motion of body in straight line path is called linear motion and the

kinetic energy of the body due to this motion is known as linear kinetic energy.

Rotational kinetic energy: if a body rotates about an axis, the motion is called rotational

motion and kinetic energy due to this motion is known as rotational kinetic energy.

Vibrational Kinetic Energy: If a body moves to and fro about its mean position, the motion is

known as vibrational motion and kinetic energy of the body due to this motion is called

vibrational kinetic energy.

NUMERICALS:

A body of mass 200g, falls from a height of 5 m. What will be its kinetic energy when it reaches the ground? (g=9.8m/s2)

A body of mass 50 kg has a momentum of 3000 kgms-2. Calculate (1) the kinetic energy of the body (2) the velocity of the body.

A normal human heart beats 72 times in a minute. If the work done per beat is 1 joule, what is the power of the heart?

ANSWER THESE:

The pendulum is set into oscillations. What can we say about the energy changes taking place in the pendulum?

Can two agents, doing the same work, have different powers? Explain. Differentiate between potential and kinetic energy. Derive a relationship between kinetic energy and momentum

Answer key of Physics worksheet -3

1 joule of work is said to be done when a force of 1 newton displaces a body through a distance of 1 metre in its own direction.

1 joule = 1 N x 1 m = 105 dyne x 102 cm = 107 dyne cm = 107erg Work done is zero. Because the Force is normal to displacement. Work done = mgh = 10x5x9.8= 490 J

Class 10 Chemistry Worksheet-4

Electronic diagram of sodium chloride

2. Bonding in MgCl2

Na Cl

Electronic diagram of MgCl2- Mg loses 2 electrons and 2 Cl atoms gains 1 electron

each.

3. Bonding in CaO

Electronic diagram of CaO

Cl Cl

Cl-

Cl-

Mg

Mg

Answer key of Chemistry Worksheet-3

Q1.

1. Neon

2. Chlorine

3. Sixth

4. At the bottom in group 1

5. At the right hand side in group 17

Q2.

1. Group number of A is IA and B is VIIA

2. Period number of A is 3 and B is 2

3. A is metallic B is non metallic

4. A B

Valency 1 -1

AB

Q3.

1. Cl, S, Al, Mg

2. Li, Na, K, CS

Q4. It increases from left to right

Q5. (Directly given in worksheet.)

Class 10 Biology Worksheet-4

PROPERTIES OF BLOOD : THE BLOOD

Never Stationary — Blood is always in motion from the heart to the arteries and back through the veins.

Colour — The blood is a somewhat thick fluid, bright red when taken from an artery or dark red when taken from a vein.

Volume — An average adult human has 5 to 6 litres of blood by volume in his body.

Taste - saltish — Perhaps we have all "tasted" our blood as in the case when there is a cut in the tongue or bleeding from the gums. It tastes saltish. The

blood is slightly alkaline with a pH of 7.3 to 7.45 (7 is neutral, neither acidic

nor alkaline).

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD

The main functions of the Wood in our body can be treated under two broad

headings—(A) Transport and (b) Protection. A. TRANSPORT BY BLOOD (Transport of digested food, oxygen, carbon dioxide,

excretory substances, hormones, body heat).

1. Transport of digested food from the alimentary canal to the

tissues. These substances are simple sugars like glucose, amino acids,

vitamins, mineral salts, etc.

2. Transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. It occurs by means of red blood

cells in combination with haemoglobin in the form of an unstable compound

oxyhaemoglobin, which on reaching the tissues breaks up to deliver oxygen.

H b + 0 2 T=

H b . 0 2

oxyhaemoglobin

3. Transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. It occurs partly in

combination with haemoglobin and partly as solution in blood plasma.

Hb + CO2 -------- Hb•CO2 carbaminohaemoglobin

4. Transport of excretory material from the tissues to the liver, kidney or the skin

for elimination or to render them harmless.

5. Distribution of hormones secreted by special glands (endocrine glands) directly into

the blood.

6. Distribution of heat. The blood helps in keeping the temperature of the body

uniform by distributing heat.

B. PROTECTION BY BLOOD

1. Blood forms a clot wherever there is a cut in a blood vessel. The clot serves to

prevent

(i) further loss of blood and the entry of disease-causing germs.

(ii) Helps to engulf bacteria by WBC.

COMPOSITION OF BLOOD

The blood consists of :

(i) Plasma - fluid part, constitutes 55-60 per cent of blood.

(ii) Cellular elements - red and white cells, and platelets, 40-45 per cent of blood.

PLASMA — The liquid portion of blood The plasma is a light-yellow coloured, alkaline liquid. It mainly consists of :

(iii) Water 90 - 92%

(iv) Proteins 7 - 8%

(v) Inorganic salts 1%

(vi) Other substances traces

CELLULAR ELEMENTS

The formed or cellular elements of the blood (i.e. shaped structures visible under

magnification) are of three categories :

(1) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

(2) White blood cells (leukocytes)

(3) Blood platelets (thrombocytes)

(1)RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCs) — The oxygen carriers

Red blood cells are also called erythrocytes (erythros: red)

• These are minute biconcave disc-like structures, flat in the centre and thick and rounded at the periphery.

HAEMOGLOBIN is the effective chemical constituent of RBCs. The red blood cells

have a colourless spongy body or stroma which contains a respiratory pigment

haemoglobin (Hb).

The haemoglobin is formed of an iron -containing part (haemin) and a

protein (globin).

It has the ability to combine readily with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin, an unstable

compound which readily gives up oxygen to the needy tissues.

Life and death of RBCs

In adults, the RBCs are produced in the marrow of long bones, especially in the ribs, breast bone and ilium of hip girdle.

,

In an embryo they are produced in the liver and spleen. In children, the RBCs are produced in bone marrow of all bones until 5 years of

age.

The mature red blood cells have no nuclei, but when they are being produced, they have one. As they mature, the nuclei are lost, i.e., they become enucleated.

The average life of an RBC is about 120 days. The old and weak red blood cells are destroyed in the spleen, liver and bone marrow;

their iron part is retained in the liver while the rest is excreted as a bile pigment

(bilirubin).

In a normal adult, approximately 2 million RBCs are destroyed every second. In other words, about 1 per cent of the total erythrocytes in the body are destroyed everyday.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS—White blood cells, or leukocytes (leuko : white), differ from red blood cells in having a nucleus and not containing haemoglobin. Their number is

much less, usually about 4000-8000 per mm3 of blood.

WBC are amoeboid in shape and can squeeze through the walls of the capillaries to fight infection and this process is known as diapedesis.

Blood platelets(thrombocytes)--- Helps in the clotting of blood.

Given below is the table showing various type of WBC, their character and functions. You are

required to learn them.

Answer the following---

1. Name the smallest WBC.

2. What is diapedesis

3. What is the lifespan of RBC and WBC

4. What is function of platlets

5. What is the function of WBC

Answer key of Biology Worksheet-3

1 Artery has narrow lumen & thick walls

2 They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

3 They are deep seated and do not have any valve.

VEINS---

1 They have wide lumen and thin walls.

2 They carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.

3 They are superficial and have valves.

Answer No 2

It is system in which the veins starting from stomach do not enter vena cava but first

enter into the liver as hepatic portal vein and regulate the amount of nutrients.

Answer No 3

It is circulation in which the blood flows out of the heart twice to complete one

circulation—short pulmonary circulation and long systemic circulation.

Class 10 Commercial Studies Worksheet-3

TOPIC: ADVERTISING AND SALES PROMOTION

In the previous worksheet we have discussed about the Marketing and Sales, after studying that

chapter we will be able to understand the advertising which is necessary to create demand and

increase sales.

MEANING OF ADVERTISING:

Advertising is how a company encourages people to buy their products, services or ideas. ... An

advertisement (or "ad" for short) is anything that draws good attention towards these things. It is

usually designed by an advertising agency for a sponsor or brand and made public by various

media.

According to the American Marketing Association, advertising is ―any paid form of ideas,goods or services by an identified sponsor‖.

MEANING OF PUBLICITY:

Publicity is the public visibility or awareness for any product, service or company. It may also

refer to the movement of information from its source to the general public, often but not always

via the media. The subjects of publicity include people of public interest, goods and services,

organizations, and works of art or entertainment. From a marketing perspective, publicity is one

component of promotion and marketing.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_interesthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goods_and_serviceshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promotion_(marketing)

IMPORTANCE AND MERITS OF ADVERTISING:

TO PRODUCER AND TRADERS:

To producers and traders advertising is helpful to manufacturers and dealers in the

following ways

1.Meeting competition: Advertising is an important means of facing competition. By

creating brand loyalty, it helps to maintain sales and market share.

2. Steady demand: Advertising creates and sustains regular demand by smoothening out

seasonal and other fluctuations. For instance advertising is used to emphasize hot and

cold uses of coffee to maintain regular sales both during summer and winter.

3.Higher sales volume: Advertising helps to increase demand expand Markets and

enhance sales of existing products. Through repeated advertising a producer can create

new customers and enter new markets.

4. Introduction of new product: Advertising play a significant role in the introduction of a

new product in the market. It stimulates the people to purchase the product.

5. Goodwill : Advertising helps in creating a good image of the firm and reputation for its

products. It is true effective advertising that Tatas, Birlas etc have become household

names.

6. Employee morale: By building reputation of the form , advertising provides a sense of

security to employees and improves their morale.

TO CUSTOMERS:

Advertising is beneficial to consumers due to the following reasons:

1. Convenience: Advertising make shopping easy by reducing the time and effort involved in

shopping. People become aware of the source and availability of different products and need not

search them out.

2. Education of consumers: Advertising provides education and knowledge to consumer about

new products and their diverse uses. In this way advertising makes for better living.

3. Lower prices: Effective advertising reduces cost due to large scale production and elimination

of wholesalers. As a result customers get goods at lower prices. Advertising helps to eliminate

unnecessary middleman thereby making products cheaper for the consumers.

4. Better quality: Advertising is generally done through brand names. Producers try to create

special features in their products to successfully communicate product differentiation.

Consequently, consumers get better quality and variety of goods.

5. Consumer surplus: Advertising brings the customer closer to the producer so that each can

fully appreciate the needs of the other. Such understanding helps in better matching of products

and services with human needs.

TO SOCIETY:

1. Helpful in Generating More Employment: Advertising is instrumental in generating more

employment opportunities and creating diverse kinds of jobs. It provides jobs to artists, screen

printers, block-makers, script-writers, painter, etc. Today, advertising has become a profession.

Some companies do only advertising job.

2. Helpful in Improving the Standard of Living: Through the medium of advertising people get

information regarding new products. As people use these new and latest goods, their standard of

living gets a boost. Advertising is helpful in providing employment and increasing income of the

people. Both have a positive effect on their standard of living.

3. Helpful in Survival of Communication Media: The main communication media are

Newspapers, Magazines, T.V., Radio, etc. Major source of their income is advertising. If these

media of communication do not get support of revenue from advertising, they cannot survive for

long. These media of communication keep the society well informed. Their existence is of

utmost important and they can survive only by advertising.

4. Helpful in Creating Healthy Competition: When a company gets its product advertised, it

seeks to improve its quality and lower its price. It is their endeavour to improve their own

product rather than finding fault with the product of their rivals. In this way a healthy

competition prevails in the market and the entire society stands to gain from it.

5. Helpful in the Economic Development of the Country: Today, the effect of advertising is no

longer confined to the four walls of the country, rather it has crossed the national boundaries.

Through the medium of satellite, domestic advertising messages can be transmitted to the rest of

the world. As a result, export-potentials of the country get a big boost. Foreign exchange

capacity of the country increases and new industries develop. Thus, advertising proves helpful in

the economic development of the country.

DEMERITS OF ADVERTISEMENTS

1. Higher price: It is argued that large amount spent on advertising increase the cost of

distribution which is transferred to consumers in the form of higher price. This objection

may be true in case of inelastic demand, when advertising merely transfers the demand

from one producer to another. But effective advertising of an creates demand and

increase the scale of production.

2. Wasteful consumption : Advertising multiplies the needs of people and encourages

unhealthy consumption. By exploiting human sentiments, it persuades people to buy

products which they do not need or cannot afford. Advertising promotes artificial living

and extravagance and creates demand for trivial goods. Modern society has become a

Society of chocolate, coke and lollipops instead of natural and whole some food largely

because of advertising.

3. Mislead the consumers: It is said that advertising is often deceptive and misrepresents

facts to the consumer. Exaggerated or tall claims and flowery language are used to dupe

unwary consumers. They are induced or defrauded through bogus testimonials and false

comparisons to buy goods of doubleful value. There is no denying the fact that some

firms indulge in false and misleading advertising and unscrupulous use of advertising by

them destroys public confidence in advertising.

4. Creates monopoly : Advertising creates brand preferences and restrict free

competition. Large forms which can afford huge amount of money on advertising

eliminate small firms by creating brand monopoly. For example ‗Amul‘ brand butter enjoys monopoly of brand.

5. Wastage of national resources: In order to make use of advertising producers create

trivial differences in their products. Valuable resources that can be used to create new

industries are wasted in the production of needless varieties and designs.

Q1. Define advertising.

Q2. Distinguish between advertising and publicity.

Q3. State any two demerits of advertising.

Q4. Discuss any two benefits which advertising provides to society.

Q5. How does advertising improves standard of living?

Answer key of Commercial Studies Worksheet-1

STAKEHOLDER IN COMMERCIAL ORGANISATION

Ans:1 Stakeholder means all those who are having interest in the functioning and performance of

a business enterprise or commercial organisation. e.g. shareholders, creditors, government etc.

Ans:2 Difference between internal and external stakeholders:

Internal Stakeholders External Stakeholders

1. They operate from within the organisation. 1. They operate from outside the organisation.

2. They actively participate in the management

and working of the organisation.

2. They do not participate actively in the

management and working of the organization.

3. They consist of employers(owners and

managers) and employees.

3. They consist of suppliers, customers,

competitors, government and general public.

Ans:3 1. Job security

2. Better working environment

Ans:4 1. To protect the environment from all types of pollution.

2. To help weaker section of society by giving them preference in employment and other

fields

Ans:5

Ans:6 A customer is not a stakeholder in a firm because he/she does not have a stake or

financial interest in the firm.

Answer key of Commercial Studies Worksheet-2

MARKETING AND SALES

Ans:1 Marketing refers to activities a company undertakes to promote the buying or selling of a

product or service. Marketing includes advertising, selling, and delivering products to consumers

or other businesses.

Ans: 2

Ans:3 Objectives of Marketing:

1. Creation of demand : A business firm can sell goods and services only when there are

customers willing to buy them. Therefore the first purpose of marketing is to create demand for

goods and services for this purpose marketing finds of the needs and preferences of customers.

Then advertising, personal selling and sales promotion are used to create demand and to

convince the customer to buy.

2. Customer satisfaction : Modern marketing is customer oriented. Today allActivities begin and

end with customers. The focus is on selling satisfaction rather than on selling a specific product

or service.

https://www.investopedia.com/articles/markets/100715/what-makes-share-coke-campaign-so-successful.asp

Ans:4

Ans:5 Pricing is the process of translating the value of a product or service in terms of money. It

involves not simply the determination of a base price but the terms and conditions of sale, for

example transportation costs, mode of payment, discounts and allowances etc.

Ans:6 Target rate of return:

The main objective of pricing is to achieve target returns. Some company may determine the

price of their goods or services to achieve a certain return on investment or on sales. This is the

desired profit it is necessary to have target return in the pricing process. Pricing should focus on

achieving target return on investment too.

Target return on investment is a Long-term objective.

It insures a reasonable return to the investors.

CLASS 10 MATHS WORKSHEET 4

QUARTILES

QUARTILES: Quartiles are the values of a statistical data which divides the whole set of

observations ( variates) into four equal parts.

Lower Quartile ( or First Quartile): If the variates are arranged in ascending order , then the

observation lying midway between the lower extreme and the median is called the Lower

Quartile or First Quartile. It is denoted by Q1.

Middle Quartile: The middle quartile is the median, denoted by Q2.

* We have studied about median in worksheet 3.

Upper Quartile ( or Third Quartile): If the variates are arranged in ascending order , then the

observation lying midway between the median and the upper extreme is called the Lower

Quartile or First Quartile. It is denoted by Q3.

Formulae [For Quartiles]

For an ungrouped data containing n observations ( variates) x1, x2, x3, x4,...............x n arranged in

ascending or descending order,

Lower Quartile, Q1 = ( 𝒏+𝟏𝟒 )th observation, when n is odd.

( 𝒏𝟒 )th observation , when n is even.

Upper Quartile, Q3 = ( 𝟑(𝒏+𝟏)𝟒 )th observation , when n is odd.

( 𝟑𝒏𝟒 )th observation , when n is even.

Interquartile Range : The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile is called

the inter-quartile range. Thus, interquartile range = (Q3 – Q1)

Semi-interquartile Range : Half of interquartile range is called semi-interquartile range.

Thus, semi-interquartile range = 1

2 (Q3 – Q1)

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES

Example 1: In a class test, the marks scored by 12 students are 25, 14, 18, 20, 6, 4, 19, 7, 8,

11,15, 21.

Find the (i) median (ii) lower quartile (iii) upper quartile (iv) interquartile range

(v) semi-interquartile range.

Solution : On arranging the given variates (marks) in ascending order, we get

4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25

Here, n = 12 i.e. even. Therefore,

(i) Median = 1

2 [ (

𝑛2 )th observation + (

𝑛2 + 1)th observation]

= 1

2 [ (

12

2 )th observation + (

12

2 + 1)th observation]

= 1

2 [ 6th observation + 7th observation] =

1

2 [14 + 15] =

1

2 x 29 = 14.5

(ii) Lower Quartile = ( 𝑛4 )th observation = (

12

4 )th observation = 3rd observation = 7

(iii) Upper Quartile = ( 3𝑛4

)th observation = ( 3x 12

4 )th observation = 9th observation = 19

(iv) Interquartile range = (Q3 – Q1) = 19 – 7 = 12

(v) Semi-interquartile range = 1

2 (Q3 – Q1) =

1

2 (19 - 7) =

1

2 x 12 = 6

Example 2 : From the following frequency distribution, find the

(i) median (ii) lower quartile (iii) upper quartile (iv) semi-interquartile range

Variate 25 40 34 31 45

Frequency 3 14 10 8 4

Solution : Arranging the given variates in an ascending order, we may prepare the cumulative

frequency table as shown below:

Variate Frequency Cumulative Frequency

25 3 3

31 8 11

34 10 21

40 14 35

45 4 39

Here, number of observations i.e. n = 39, which is odd. Therefore,

(i) Median = (𝑛+1

2 )th observation = (

39+1

2 )th observation = 20th observation= 34

(ii) Lower Quartile, Q1 = ( 𝑛+1


39+1

4 )th observation

= ( 40


(iii) Upper Quartile, Q3 = ( 3(𝑛+1)


3(39+1)

4 )th observation

= ( 3 x 40


(iv) Semi-interquartile range = 1

2 (Q3 – Q1) =

1

2 (40 - 31) =

1

2 x 9 = 4.5

MODE

MODE : Mode (or modal value) of a statistical data is the variate which occurs most frequently

i.e. the variate with the maximum frequency.

Modal class : The class with maximum frequency is called the modal class.

*Relation between mean, median and mode : Mode = 3 Median - 2 Mean

This is known as empirical formula.


Example 1: Find the mode of the following sets of numbers: 9, 0, 2, 8, 5, 3, 5, 4, 1, 5, 2, 7.

Solution: In the given data, 5 is repeated maximum number of times than any other number.

∴ mode = 5

Example 2: Find the lower quartile, upper quartile and mode of the following frequency

distribution.

x 10 11 12 13 14 15

f 1 4 7 5 11 3

Solution: We have

x f Cumulative Frequency

10 2 2

11 4 6

12 7 13

13 5 18

14 11 29

15 3 32

Here n= 32, which is even. ∴ Lower Quartile = ( 𝑛4 )th observation = (

32


Upper Quartile = ( 3𝑛4

)th observation = ( 3 x 32


Mode = 14, as the frequency corresponding to 14 is maximum.

Example 3: The marks of 10 students in a test were as follows: 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 13.

Calculate : (i) mean (ii) median (iii) mode

Solution: (i) Mean = Sum of observations

Number of observations =

5+6+8+9+10+11+11+12+13+13

10 =

98

10 = 9.8

(ii) Given data is already in ascending order and the number of observations is 10 i.e. an even

number. ∴ Median = 10+112

= 21

2 =10.5

(iii) Here, two observations i.e. 11 and 13 both have the maximum frequency , both are occurring

two times, So, in order to find the mode we will use the empirical formula which is given by

Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean

= 3 x 10.5 – 2 x 9.8

= 31.5 – 19.6 = 11.9

ESTIMATION OF MODE FROM HISTOGRAM

Step 1: Draw a histogram to represent the given data.

Step 2: From the upper corners of the highest rectangle (which represents the class with

maximum frequency i.e. modal class), draw two line segments to meet the opposite corners of

adjacent rectangles, diagonally. Let these line segments intersect at a point P.

Step 3: Through the point P, draw a vertical line i.e. a line perpendicular to x-axis which meets

the x-axis at a point M (say).Then, the abscissa of point M gives the mode of the data.

*Remark: If the given frequency distribution is discontinuous, then first convert it into the

continuous form (its method is already explained in worksheet 2) and then find the mode.


Example 1: Draw a histogram of the following distribution and estimate its mode: Also, state the

modal class.

Profit (in Rs.) 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

No. of shops 4 8 12 6 4 3

Solution: We may draw the histogram as shown below:

Steps:

i) Mark the upper corner of rectangle with maximum frequency as A and B.

ii) Mark the inner corner of adjacent rectangles to the above rectangle as C and D.

iii) Join AC and BD to intersect at K. From K, draw KL perpendicular to meet X-axis at L.

iv) The value of L on X-axis represents the mode.

Thus, Modal value = Rs. 24

Modal class = 20 – 30 , as it has the maximum frequency.

ASSIGNMENT

1) The runs scored by 15 players in a match are : 14, 20, 8, 17, 25, 27, 20, 16, 25, 0, 5, 19,

17, 30, 6. Find (i) median (ii) (ii) lower quartile (iii) upper quartile (iv) interquartile

range (v) semi-interquartile range.

2) From the given frequency distribution, find the (i) median (ii) lower quartile (iii) upper

quartile (iv) interquartile range (v) semi-interquartile range.

3) The following table shows the weights of 15 students

Calculate the (i) mean (ii) median and (iii) mode

4) Draw a histogram for the following distribution:

Hence, estimate the modal weight.

5) Draw a histogram and hence estimate the mode for the following distribution. Also, state the

modal class.

Class 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30

Frequency 2 5 18 14 8 5

************************************************************

Answer Key of Maths Worksheet-3

1) 16 (2) 20 (3) x =23, mean = 24.4 (4) 17 (5) 50 (6)48

Variate 15 18 20 22 25 27 30

Frequency 4 6 8 9 7 8 6

Weight( in kg 47 50 53 56 60

No.of students 4 3 2 2 4

Weight( in kg) 40-44 44-48 48-52 52-56 56-60 60-64

No. of students 2 8 12 10 6 4

Class 10 Economics Worksheet-3

Labour-Labour consists of all human efforts of body or of mind which are undertaken in the expectation of reward popularly known as wages.

Classification of Labour – On the basis of skill formation, labour can be grouped into three main categories-

1. Skilled labour

A DOCTOR

2. Semi-skilled labour

A CARPRNTER

3. Unskilled labour

A COOLIE

Skilled labour Semi-skilled labour Unskilled labour

1. They are those

workers who have

specialised training

of a particular

profession and also

have long experience

of the job.

1. They are those workers

who have little professional

training of their trade, but

have sufficient experience

of the job. They are paid

less as compared to skilled

workers.

1. They don‘t require any specialised professional

skill. They are poorly

paid as their number is

quite large in the

countries like India.

2. Examples-

Doctors, lawyers,

etc

2. Examples- Carpenters,

weavers, etc.

2. Examples- Railway

coolies, sweepers, etc.

Characteristics of Labour- they are as follows-

1. Labour is Perishable-if a worker does not work on a particular day, his labour

for that day is wasted. Thus,labour cannot be stored.

2. Labour is an Active Factor of Production- without labour, other factors of

production, like land and capital, cannot produce anything.

3. Labour cannot be separated from Labourer-Labour and labourer are

inseparable from each other. The labourer will have to present himself at a place

where work is going on. For e.g, it is not possible for a teacher to teach in the

school, while staying away at home (except online classes).

4. Labour is Mobile- It can move from one place to another and also from one

occupation to another.

5. Labour has Less Bargaining Power – workers are usually paid less than their productivity, this is so because of the following reasons; firstly, labour is

perishable. Secondly, labourers are generally poor. Therefore, employers generally

force the labourers to work on lower wages. Finally, there is lack of organisation

among workers due to illiteracy etc.

Self Evaluation-

1. Define labour .

2. State two Differences between labour services provided by a surgeon and a

farmer.

3. Give two characteristics of labour.

Answer key of Economics Worksheet-2

1. Write any one of the two definitions given in your worksheet.

2.Explain all the five features in detail by giving an appropriate headings.

3.Land is heterogeneous in nature due to following reasons:

(a) Land varies in fertility.

(b) Land also varies in location.

Class X Physical Education Worksheet-2

FOOTBALL

Duties of Referee

A Referee performs the following duties in a match.

He enforces the rules of the game. He controls the match in cooperation with the two assistant referees. He ensures that the ball meets the requirements of the rule. He acts as a time keeper and keeps the record of the match. He stops, suspends and terminates the match, at his discretion,

for any infringement of the rules.

Duties of the Assistant Referees

Two assistant referees are appointed whose duties are to indicate:

when the whole of the ball has passed out of the field of play. which side is entitled to a corner kick, goal kick or throw-in. when a player may be penalized for being in an offside position. when a substitution is required. when misconduct or any other incident has occurred out of the view of the referee.

Kick-Off

A kick-off is a way of starting or restarting of play:

at the start of the match. after a goal has been scored. at the start of the second half of the match. at the start of each period of extra time, where applicable. a goal may be scored directly from the kick-off.

The ball in and out of the play

The ball is out of play when:

it has completely crossed the goal line or touch line whether on the ground or in the air.

play has been stopped by the referee.

The ball is in play all other times, including when:

it rebounds from a goalpost, crossbar or corner flag and remains in the playing field.

it rebounds from either the referee or an assistant referee when they are on the playing field.

Scoring

A goal is scored when the ball wholly passes over the goal line, between the goalposts

and under the crossbar.

Off-side

A player is in offside position if he is nearer to his opponent‘s goal line, in the opponent‘s half of the field of play and he does not have at least two of his opponents in front or

nearer to their goal line.

There is no offside offence if a player receives the ball directly from:

a goal kick. a throw in. a corner kick.

Direct Kick

A direct free kick is awarded to the opposing team if

a player commits any of the following six offences in

a manner considered by the referee to be careless,

reckless or using excessive force:

kicks or attempts to kick an opponent. trips or attempts to trip on an opponent. jumps on an opponent. strikes or attempts to strike on an opponent. pushes an opponent. tackles an opponent to gain possession of the ball, making contact with the

opponent before touching the ball.

holds an opponent. handles the ball deliberately (except for the goalkeeper whiting his own penalty

area).

Indirect Free Kick

An indirect free kick awarded to the opposing team if a goalkeeper inside his own penalty

area, commits any of the following offences:

takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball with his hands, before releasing it from his possession.

touches the ball again with his hands after released from his possession and has not touched by any other players.

touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a teammate.

plays in a dangerous manner.

impedes the progress of an opponent. prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands.

Penalty Kick

A penalty kick is awarded against a team which commits any offence for which a direct

kick is awarded, inside its own penalty area and while the ball is in play.

Throw In

When the ball passes the touch line, the assistant referee

signals a throw-in.

A throw-in is awarded:

when the whole ball passes over the touch line, either on the ground or in the air.

from the point where it crossed the touch line.

Goal Kick

A goal kick is awarded when the whole ball, having last touched a player of attacking

team, passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air and a goal is not scored

according to the rule.

Substitution

Now the 3-7 players may be named for substitution, whereas only 3 players can be

substitute in a match.

Corner Kick

A corner kick is awarded when:

the whole of the ball, having last touched by the defending team, passes over the goal line, either on the ground or in the air, and a goal is not scored according to

the rule.

Methods of Deciding the Winner

If a match remains draw after normal time i.e., two halves of 45 minutes each, the extra

period or time of 15 minutes- 15 minutes is given to the teams. The Golden Goal rule is

not applied now. If the match still remains draw after extra time (15 minutes- 15

minutes),, the match is decided by kicks from penalty mark.

…………………………………………………………………

Class 10 Computer Application Worksheet-2

(BASED ON CONDITIONAL CONSTRUCTS OF JAVA-(IF-LSE/SWITCH) )

NOTE : BEFORE PROCEEDING KINDLY STUDY THE DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN IF- ELSE , NESTED IF AND SWITCH CASE WITH THE HELP

FLOWCHARTS.

Important

Question 1.

Using switch statement, write a menu driven program to calculate the maturity amount of

a bank deposit.

The user has given the following options

1. Term deposit

2. Recurring deposit

For option 1

except principal(P), rate of interest(r), and time in years(n). Calculate and output the

maturity amount(A) receivable using the formula.

𝐴 = 𝑃 1 + 𝑟100

𝑛

For option 2

Accept monthly installment (P), rate of interest (r) and time period in months(n).

Calculate and input the maturity amount (A) receivable using the formula.

𝐴 = 𝑃 × 𝑛 + 𝑃 × 𝑛 𝑛 + 1 2

×𝑟

100×

1

12

Question 2.

Write a program to determine if an entered character is

1. vowel

2. consonant

3. number (between 0 – 9)

4. special character

Question 3.

Write a program to determine if an entered number is the buzz number.

Hint: a number Is said to be a buzz number if it ends with seven or is divisible by seven.

Example:

1007 is a buzz number as it ends with 7.

343 is also a buzz number as it is divisible by 7

but 978 is not a buzz number as it is not divisible by seven.

Question 4.

Write a program to print the given values In ascending order.

For example if the inputs are 9, 18, 5 your program should print 5, 9, 18.

Question 5.

Create a menu driven program to perform the following operations:

1. addition

2. subtraction

3. multiplication

4. Division

5. reminder

6. exit

Question 6.

Write a program to input the employee name, annual salary and annual savings.

Compute: taxable income equal to annual salary minus annual savings. Calculate the

income tax as per the following tax slabs.

Taxable income slab

Less than equal to 350000 0%

Greater than 350000 and less than equal to 600000 15%

Greater than 600000 and Less than 100 0000 25%

Greater than 100 0000 35%.

Question 7.

Write a program to compute the commission at the end of each month.

Total sale

Less than 20,000

20,000 to 39,999

40,000 to 59,999

60,000 to 79,999

80,000 or more

commission

nil

3%

5%

8%

10%

Question 8.

Write a program that reads month number and the year in yyyy format and displays the

number of days in that month. Use switch case.

VERBS AND TENSES · 2020. 8. 27. · VERBS AND TENSES A Verb is an action word that tells us what...

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